Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A...
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Transcript of Enterobiasis. ETIOLOGY The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis A...
Enterobiasis
ETIOLOGY
• The cause of enterobiasis, or pinworm infection, is Enterobius vermicularis
• A small (1 cm in length), white, threadlike nematode.
• typically inhabits the cecum, appendix, and adjacent areas of the ileum and ascending colon
• Gravid females migrate at night to the perianal and perineal regions.
• Human infection occurs by the fecal-oral route .
EPIDEMIOLOGY
• occurs in individuals of all ages and socioeconomic levels
• It infects 30% of children worldwide.• The prevalence of pinworm infection is highest in
children 5–14 yr of age.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• The most common complaints include itching and restless sleep secondary to nocturnal perianal or perineal pruritus.
• Eosinophilia is not observed in most cases because tissue invasion does not occur.
• occasionally may lead to appendicitis, chronic salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease,peritonitis, hepatitis, and ulcerative lesions in the large or small bowel.
DIAGNOSIS
• A history of nocturnal perianal pruritus in children strongly suggests enterobiasis
• Definitive diagnosis is established by identification of parasite eggs or worms
• Microscopic examination of adhesive cellophane tape pressed against the perianal region early in the morning frequently demonstrates eggs
TREATMENT
• mebendazole (100 mg PO for all ages) repeated in 2 wk results in cure rates of 90–100%
• a single oral dose of albendazole (400 mg PO for all ages) repeated in 2 wk
• a single dose of pyrantel pamoate (11 mg/kg PO, maximum 1 g).
PREVENTION
• Household contacts can be treated at the same time as the infected individual
• Repeated treatments every 3–4 mo may be required in circumstances with repeated exposure
• Good hand hygiene is the most effective method of prevention.