Entering the World Stage
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Transcript of Entering the World Stage
Entering the World Stage
America Becomes an Imperialist Power
What is Imperialism?
Reasons for imperialism:• Industrial Revolution–New markets for goods–Raw materials for manufacturing –Naval refueling stations
US Foreign Investment 1869-1908
• Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
Reasons for imperialism: (con’t)
• Power & prestige –Nationalism
Reasons for imperialism: (con’t)
• Ideology –Social Darwinism –Missionaries
American Missionaries in China
Imperialist nations:• Great Britain• France• United States• Belgium• Germany• Japan
Alaska
“Seward’s Folly” 1867• Purchased from Russia for $7.2
million
“Seward’s Icebox”
Hawaii
Hawaii • 1778—James Cook explored HA
Hawaii• American Missionaries
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
Hawaii• Ideal for fueling station & for trade• Sugar cane plantations
Hawaii • King Kalakaua—negotiates treaty w/
US to import sugar • Queen Liliuakalani—overthrown by
sugar planters• Sanford Dole—becomes president of
HA• 1898—HA becomes US territory
US view of Hawaii
Hawaiian annexation
China
China• Europe—carves out spheres of
influence• Open Door Policy—proposed by John
Hay
China• Boxer
Rebellion
Japan
Japan• Began the 1800s
isolated & unindustrialized• Matthew Perry
opened trade w/ Japan• Japan
industrializes & begins trading
Gentlemen’s Agreement• US & Japan agree to end Japanese
immigration to US• CA ends segregation of Japanese
schools children
Treaty of Portsmouth:1905
• Ends Russo-Japanese War• Earns
Roosevelt Nobel Peace Prize
Spanish American War
Causes of Span-Amer War• Cubans revolt against Spain–José Marti & yellow journalism –Spanish General Valeriano Weyler
• De Lome letter• USS Maine
Joseph Pulitzer
William Randolf Hearst
Image from Gen. Weyler’s “Reconcentration Camps”
Hearst to Frederick Remington: You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war!
Dupuy de Lome, Spanish Ambassador to US
Criticized President McKinnley
Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain!
Spanish American War • Cuba– Strategy: control port
city of Santiago – Teddy Roosevelt & the
Rough Riders • Battle of San Juan Hill
– US Navy sinks entire Spanish fleet
• Philippines – Commodore Dewey
• Manila Bay – Emilio Aguinaldo: leads
rebels against Spanish– Surrounded by Dewey &
Aguinaldo, Spanish surrender
Results of the Span-Amer War
• Spain gives up all claims to Cuba • US gains Puerto Rico & Guam • Spain gives up Philippines for $20
million • US seen as strong militarily &
financially
The Philippines
Controversy over annexation
For annexation • US had duty to
spread ideals & values (Christianity & Democracy)
• Don’t want territory to fall under another country’s control
Against annexation • Annexation would
violated ideals of self rule & independence • Might increase
immigration
Philippines • The U.S. annexes of the Philippines in 1899.
• Fighting broke out in the Philippines. Filipinos battled U.S. for 3 years.
• Filipino voters elected members to the lower house of their legislature. They could elect members of both houses in 1916.
• July 4, 1946, the US granted full independence to the Philippines.
Latin America
Cuba
Cuba • McKinnley est. military gov’t. in Cuba• Advances made toward eliminating
yellow fever–Dr. Walter Reed, Dr. William C. Gorgas, Dr.
Juan Finlay • Leonard Wood—US appointed governor –New constitution–Platt Amendment
Cuba & the Platt Amendment
• Gives the US right to intervene in Cuban affairs• Cuba has limited ability to sign
treaties w/ other countries • Est. military base at Guantanamo Bay • Makes Cuba protectorate of US
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico • US est. military gov’t. & governed PR as a
territory • Foraker Act–US appoints gov’t. & upper house of legislature
• 1917—grants Puerto Ricans citizenship & ability to elect both houses of legislature
• 1952—PR becomes a self governing commonwealth; US controls trade, immigration & military affairs
Panama
Panama • 1902—US bought rights to build
canal from French • Pres. Roosevelt supports
Panamanian rebels in fight for independence from Colombia–Treaty w/ new gov’t. gives US 10 mile
wide canal zone
Panama • 1904—Amer. Begins work on canal• 1914—1st ship travels through canal• Poor working conditions, material
shortages, malaria, yellow fever–Dr. Gorgas worked to eliminate
mosquitoes
Monroe Doctrine
& Roosevelt Corollary
Monroe Doctrine & Roosevelt Corollary
• 1823--Monroe Doctrine: declared the Western Hemisphere off-limits to European nations.• 1904—US pledged to use force to
prevent European countries from seizing territory or intervening
Dollar Diplomacy• Taft promotes Dollar Diplomacy—
promoting US economic interests in other countries & using economic power to achieve goals –US buys out Lat. Amer. loans
US investment in Latin America
Mexico
Mexico • 1877-1910: Dictator Porfirio Díaz–Brought stability; jailed opponents–Modernization; majority live in poverty
• 1911: Francisco Madero–Jailed by Díaz; fled country; returned
to rebellion & took presidency • Emiliano Zapata (land reform)• Francisco “Pancho” Villa & Pascual
Orozco
Porfirio Diaz Francisco Madero
Emiliano Zapata
Pancho Villa
Mexico• 1913: Victoriano Huerta uses army to
imprison & execute Madero; becomes president–Pres. Wilson refuses to recognize
Huerta’s gov’t.; sells arms to enemies–Huerta arrests & releases several US
soldiers; Wilson demands apology; Congress authorizes use of force • Battle of Veracruz
Mexico • 1914: Huerta flees to Spain • Venustiano Carranza becomes pres.
w/ support of Pres. Wilson–Zapata & Villa are against Carranza;
lead attacks on Amer. Border–Wilson sends Gen. John Pershing to
Mexico to find Villa
Venustiano Carranza
Uncle Sam, “One of the Boys”?
What has the US
fought for?
The Great White Fleet