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APCrsquos Communications and Information Policy Programme

Ensuring Open Universal and Affordable Access to the Internet Global Public Policy Advocacy for Information and

Communications for Social Justice and Sustainable Development

Report for the period 1 June 2006 to 31 May 2007

Grant 1065-0731

Submitted by the Association for Progressive Communications to the Ford Foundation

September 2007

Contacts

Willie CurrieCommunications and Information Policy Programme ManagerCell +1 646 249 0600wcurrieapcorg

Anriette EsterhuysenExecutive DirectorPO Box 29755 Melville 2109 South AfricaTelFax +27 11 726 1692anrietteapcorghttpwwwapcorg

Table of Contents

Acronyms and abbreviations3Executive Summary51 Introduction72 How APC Implements ICT Policy Advocacy7

21 Communications and Information Policy Programme (CIPP)8211 Programme Overview8212 Priorities for 2006-20078213 The CIPP Team10

22 The Womenrsquos Networking Support Programme (APC WNSP)10221 Programme Overview10222 Priorities for 2006-200711223 The APC WNSP Team11

23 International Coalitions and Partnerships123 Global Advocacy on Open Universal and Affordable Access to the Internet13

31 WSIS Implementation1532 WSIS Follow-Up Events15

321 The First Internet Governance Forum (IGF)15322 The Second Internet Governance Forum16323 United Nations Commission for Science and Technology for Development (CSTD)17

33 Other Global Policy Spaces17331 United Nations Global Alliance for ICT4D (GAID)17

4 Linking Global Advocacy to Regional and National Advocacy Processes on Open Access to the Internet18

41 Africa18411 The South Atlantic 3West Africa Submarine Cable (SAT-3WASC)19413 The Fibre for Africa Campaign21414 APC Research on Access to Infrastructure in Africa21415 Africa ICT Policy Monitor and Chakula21416 Catalysing Access to ICTs in Africa (CATIA)21

42 Asia23421 National advocacy23422 Research on Censorship and Surveillance of Mobile Telephony23

43 Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)24431 LAC ICT Policy Monitor24432 The Latin American Regional Plan for the Information Society (eLAC)25

5 Nurturing and Growing the Existing Network of APC Members and Partners Engaged with ICT Policies26

6 Global Information Society Watch28Appendix 1 New Members since June 1 200631Appendix 2 APC Websites34Appendix 3 APCorg Website Statistics for 200635Appendix 4 APC Publications Related to this Report Published since June 1 200639Appendix 4 APC Publications Related to this Report Published since June 1 200640Appendix 5 Events Participated in during the Reporting Period42

APC Report to the Ford Foundation 1 June 2006 to 31 May 2007 page 2 of 44

Acronyms and abbreviations

ALER Latin American Association for Radio EducationAMARC World Association of Community BroadcastersAPC Association for Progressive CommunicationsBASIS Business Action in the Information SocietyBCO Building Communication OpportunitiesBFES Bangladesh Friendship Education SocietyAPC WNSP APC Womenrsquos Networking Support ProgrammeCATIA Catalysing ICT Access in AfricaCIPESA Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern AfricaCIPP Communications and Information Policy ProgrammeCRASA Communications Regulatorsrsquo Association of Southern Africa CRIS Communication Rights in the Information SocietyCSO Civil society organisationCSTD (United Nations) Commission on Science and Technology for

Development DRC Democratic Republic of the CongoECLAC (United Nations) Economic Commission for Latin America and the

CaribbeanECOSOC (United Nations) Economic and Social CouncilEED Evangelischer EntwicklungsdienstEPIC Electronic Privacy InformationEASSy East African Submarine Cable SystemEFOSSNet Ethiopian Free and Open Source Software NetworkFOSS Free and open-source softwareGAID (United Nations) Global Alliance for ICT and Development GISW Global Information Society WatchGEM Gender Evaluation MethodologyICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and NumbersICT Information and communication technologyISOC Internet SocietyGKP Global Knowledge PartnershipICT4D Information and communication technology for developmentIGF Internet Governance ForumIGP Internet Governance ProjectIICD International Institute for Communication and Development


IPRs Intellectual property rightsITeM Third World InstituteITU International Telecommunications UnionKICTANet Kenya ICT Action NetworkLAC Latin America and the CaribbeanMDGs Milennium Development GoalsNEPAD New Partnership for Africarsquos DevelopmentNGO Non-governmental organisationNRO Network Resource OrganisationOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentONI OpenNet InitiativeSAFE South Africa Far EastSAT-3 South Atlantic 3UNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNECE United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeUNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural OrganisationVoIP Voice over internet protocolWALC Workshop for Latin America and the CaribbeanWASC West Africa Submarine CableWIPO World Intellectual Property OrganisationWSIS World Summit on the Information Society


Executive SummaryThis report reflects on the progress that the Association for Progressive Communications (APC) has made during the first of two years of support from the Ford Foundation for public policy advocacy work with respect to information and communication technology ICT)

Part one of this report provides an introduction to APCrsquos public policy advocacy work and outlines the four specific outcome areas towards which the Ford Foundationrsquos support is being utilized Part two explains how APC implements ICT policy advocacy through the Communications and Information Policy Programme (CIPP) Womenrsquos Networking Support Programme (APC WNSP) and in collaboration with its worldwide network of members and partners

Part three focuses on what APC has been doing globally to promote more open universal and affordable access to the internet following the close of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in November 2005 This includes APCrsquos active participation in the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) ndash largely considered to be the most successful and dynamic of all post-WSIS fora and its co-facilitation of WSIS action line C2 (on information and communication infrastructure) with the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) This section also discusses APCrsquos involvement in the United Nations Commission for Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) the United Nations Global Alliance for ICT4D1 (GAID) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

The fourth section of the report describes what APC is doing to link global advocacy on open access to the internet with regional and national activities In Africa APCrsquos focus has been on access to infrastructure It organised a series of workshops and consultations on existing and proposed submarine cables (which contributed to downward pressure on South Atlantic 3West Africa Submarine Cable (SAT-3WASC) bandwidth costs) launched the Fibre for Africa campaign published a stakeholder analysis of the East African Submarine Cable System (EASSy) and commissioned three extensive country case studies on the effect that the SAT-3WASC submarine cable has had on African communications

Despite not having dedicated staff focused on Asia progress was made in supporting national advocacy on broadband policy in Bangladesh open access to online content in India and community radio in Pakistan APC also co-developed a research framework to explore censorship and surveillance of mobile telephony in the region

In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) APC made interventions at roughly 15 key events in 2006 It organised the Internet and Society Forum a public multi-stakeholder dialogue around ICT policies at the annual Internet Workshop for LAC (WALC) as well as a regional ICT policy workshop APC submitted a proposal on greater civil society participation to eLAC2007 the regionrsquos only intergovernmental policy space following WSIS APCrsquos input was formally recognised at the third eLAC2007 Coordination Meeting APC was active in a number of regional research activities participated in consultancy work for UNESCO to devise guidelines for the formulation of national information policies and is working with the Latin American Association for Radio Education (ALER) to build the capacities of community media advocates to engage in policy

1 Information and communication technology for development


Part five reviews what APC has been doing to nurture and build its network of members and partners engaged in ICT policy many of which contribute significantly to national regional and global policy spaces Two initiatives which have been particularly instrumental in supporting network development are discussed in detail The first is the EED2-funded ldquoKnowledge and capacity for civil society engagement in ICT policyrdquo initiative The second is the Ford Foundation supported first annual Global Information Society Watch (GISW) report to which part six is dedicated The seventh and final section of the report provides an overview of progress on expected results outlined in the April 2006 funding application

2 Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst wwweeddeen (Church Development Service an organisation of Protestant Churches in Germany)


1 IntroductionAPC has been building an international community of organisations concerned with civil societyrsquos use of ICTs3 for sustainable development social and gender justice since its founding in 1990 APC works globally regionally and nationally to raise awareness build capacity and develop tools and information resources to strengthen civil society participation in decision-making We believe that civil society inclusion in policy-making processes will lead to its greater involvement in implementing and monitoring policies and ultimately to more inclusive societies

Through its grant to CIPP the Ford Foundation is supporting APCrsquos public policy advocacy work This document reports on the progress that APC has made in achieving its public policy advocacy goals as outlined in the April 2006 application for support from the Ford Foundation

The 2006 application identified four specific outcome areas towards which the Ford Foundationrsquos support is being utilized

1 Global advocacy on open universal and affordable access to the internet through engaging two policy spaces the IGF4 and the WSIS implementation action lines C2 and C65

2 Linking this global advocacy to regional and national advocacy processes on ldquoopen accessrdquo6 to the internet in Africa Asia and Latin America

3 Nurturing and growing the existing network of APC members and partners engaged with ICT policies

4 Using this network to produce an annual information society watch report that monitors the implementation of goals agreed by governments during WSIS

The report will address each of these four outcome areas

2 How APC Implements ICT Policy AdvocacyThe APC network has been involved in global regional and national ICT policy processes since 2000 focusing on human rights and social inclusion in the information society and on addressing the rdquodigital dividerdquo

Two APC programmes in particular CIPP and the APC WNSP place substantial focus on ICT policy Their activities with the support of APCrsquos network development manager and executive director constitute the hub of APC policy advocacy in global regional and national spaces This report will focus primarily on the work of CIPP which is supported by the Ford Foundation A separate report on APC WNSPrsquos policy advocacy 3 APC defines ICTs as technologies and tools that people use to share distribute gather information and to communicate with one another one on one or in groups through the use of computers and interconnected computer networks They are mediums that utilise both telecommunication and computer technologies 4 The IGF was convened by the UN Secretary General as a space for multi-stakeholder policy dialogue on internet governance following WSIS5 APC identified action line C2 on communications and information infrastructure and action line C6 on creating an enabling policy environment as global policy spaces within which open access to the internet can be advocated and is currently co-facilitator for these action lines6 The argument in favour of open access models is that they permit access and competition at all layers of the internet ndash physical logical and content layers in such a way as to maximise participation by everyone and to challenge monopolies of the physical infrastructure proprietary software illegitimate governance of critical internet resources censorship and surveillance and maximal approaches to intellectual property


is available on request APC also works with its strong community of members and partners to promote ICT policy advocacy on these levels

21 Communications and Information Policy Programme (CIPP)

211 Programme OverviewAPC grouped all of its ICT policy and communication and internet rights activity into an integrated programme in 2002 The overall goal of the programme is to ensure that the interests of civil society are addressed in ICT policy and supported in ICT practice It seeks to build more inclusive ICT decision-making processes by facilitating civil society engagement through building their capacity in a range of ways and supporting advocacy at national regional and international levels

APC approaches ICT policy work through a modular framework as depicted in the figure below

Figure 1 Diagrammatic representation of CIPP activities

The activities in each module reinforce each other Research generates information resources that inform the content of APCrsquos communications strategy in specific contexts The research module also incorporates a dissemination strategy for keeping partners and relevant stakeholders informed on outputs Such information resources not only aid advocacy and networking capabilities but also form an important component of capacity building activities which in turn strengthens advocacy

212 Priorities for 2006-2007Global ICT Policy Advocacy in the post-WSIS environment

Advocating for openness in relation to access (infrastructure) content technology and policy and decision-making processes

Specifically continuing to open and sustain a space for the issue of universal and affordable access to the internet on the agenda of the IGF7

Advocating open access models as an appropriate global public policy for addressing universal and affordable access

7 Access is one of the four themes of the annual Internet Governance Forum the others being openness security and diversity APCrsquos efforts definitely contributed to the inclusion of lsquoaccessrsquo


RESEARCH ADVOCACY amp NETWORKING

CAPACITY BUILDING

INFORMATION RESOURCES

COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY


CAPACITY BUILDING



Seeking to place access as a development priority in the context of the UNs Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) initiative and the UN Global Alliance for ICTs for Development (GAID)

Seeing to what extent access can be advanced within regional spaces such as the eLAC20078 Action Plan the ldquoFibre for Africardquo campaign9 and within the regional policy space in southern Asia

Extending the reach of these regional spaces into the global space of the IGF and other global spaces as appropriate

Engaging with the WSIS implementation agenda which has divided the policy issues of the WSIS Geneva Programme of Action into eleven action lines

Regional Policy Monitor Projects

Africa10 Growing the user base and content partnerships of the French and English

online policy resources Researching and supporting the development of municipal networks11 in Africa Campaigning for open access regulation and new business models to manage

and govern bandwidth initiatives such as the EASSy and SAT-3 western Africa undersea cables

Facilitating debate discussion and collaboration between civil society regulators and policy-makers the media and the private sector on ICT issues in Africa

Collaborating with governments in the regional implementation of WSIS and regional ICT strategies

Asia12

Supporting a national campaign led by the Bangladesh Friendship Education Society (BFES) a new APC member13 to persuade its government to allow open access to the submarine cable that was landed on the coast of Bangladesh in 2006

Supporting a campaign in India which is pushing for all digital content related to development to be openly accessible and affordable for all

Supporting a national campaign to persuade the Pakistani government to reform its laws in order to permit community radio in Pakistan

Supporting research on surveillance censorship and monitoring of mobile telephony in southeast Asia and in the Philippines Cambodia South Korea and Bangladesh

Latin America and the Caribbean14 Supporting national policy advocacy and capacity building in Bolivia and

Ecuador Participating and ensuring the inclusion of civil society in the implementation

of the regional strategy eLAC Action Plan 2007 and WSIS regional implementation in collaboration with APC partners and members

8 eLAC2007 is the Regional Plan of Action for the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean wwweclacorgsocinfoelacdefaultaspidioma=IN9 wwwfibreforafricanet 10httpafricarightsapcorg and httprightsapcorgtrainingcontentsictpol_enset_language=en httprightsapcorgtrainingcontentsictpol_frset_language=fr11 A municipal network is a wireless broadband network built and operated on behalf of a municipality which offers low cost internet access to residents of the municipality12 httpasiarightsapcorg 13 For a list of all new members who joined APC during the reporting period please see Appendix 1 14 httplacderechosapcorg


Collaborating with the community media sector on ensuring access and enabling policy for civil voices to be heard

Researching universal access funds open access models and new technologies as a means of developing advocacy around new approaches to ICT4D

Working in collaboration with partners to develop an approach to monitoring and engaging with regulators on the implementation of ICT policy that affects development zones

National ICT Policy Capacity Building and Advocacy

Expanding the network of national ICT policy portals maintained by members and partners15

Supporting national initiatives in Senegal Nigeria Ethiopia Kenya the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) Uganda Bangladesh and India

213 The CIPP TeamDuring the period covered by the report the CIPP team consisted of

Willie Currie programme manager US and South AfricaValeria Betancourt LAC ICT Policy Monitor coordinator EcuadorClio Bugel LAC ICT Policy Monitor information worker UruguayAbiodun Jagun Africa research coordinator Nigeria and the UKPartha Pratim Sarker Asia ICT Policy Monitor Bangladesh and Canada Alan Finlay Africa ICT Policy Monitor and Chakula16 editor South AfricaOry Okolloh FibreForAfrica campaign researcher Kenya and South Africa (

With the exception of the manager the team works part time They work very closely with Karen Banks APCrsquos network development manager Anriette Esterhuysen APCrsquos executive director as well as APC members active in ICT policy advocacy

22 The Womenrsquos Networking Support Programme (APC WNSP)

221 Programme OverviewThe APC WNSP was established in 1993 in response to demands expressed from within the womenrsquos movement It has since played a leading role in gender and ICT advocacy in national regional and international arenas Its overall goal is to promote gender equality and womenrsquos empowerment through gender and ICT advocacy at all levels and to promote the strategic use of applications and tools by women to strengthen their networking The programme works to

Promote the consideration and incorporation of gender in ICT policy-making Initiate and implement research activities in the field of gender and ICT Advance the body of knowledge understanding and skills in the field of gender

and ICT by implementing training activities Facilitate access to information resources in the field of gender and ICT Create gender awareness in evaluation and impact assessment in the ICT area

APC WNSP activities are centred on six main areas of work

1 Policy and advocacy15 httpictpolworkshopgnapcorgwPortals_Project_Gallery16 Chakula is a newsletter of APCrsquos ICT Policy Monitor httpafricarightsapcorgen-chakulashtml


2 Research3 Evaluation4 Information facilitation5 Development of training methodologies and materials6 Support for emerging national and regional internet-based networks

APC WNSP ICT policy work began in 1995 during the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing China During WSIS the APC WNSP was a founding member of the NGO Gender Strategies Working Group17 the Multi-Stakeholder Gender Caucus and along with APC and several APC members an active member of the Civil Society Plenary18 and the Communication Rights in the Information Society (CRIS) Campaign19 The APC WNSP has fought for recognition of women and civil society throughout the WSIS process and gender is included in all APC publications20

222 Priorities for 2006-2007During 2006 and 2007 APC WNSPrsquos activities focussed on the following priorities

Advocating for gender equality to be given central consideration in national and global ICT policy processes

Strengthening the impact and profile of the gender and ICT portal21 as a resource for policy-makers and gender advocates

223 The APC WNSP TeamDuring the period covered by the report APC WNSP team members involved in policy advocacy were

Chat Garcia Ramilo APC WNSP manager and policy coordinator PhilippinesJennifer Radloff APC-Africa-Women coordinator South AfricaSylvie Niombo APC-Africa-Women co-coordinator CongoDafne Plou LAC regional coordinator ArgentinaKaterina Fiavola genderITorg coordinator Czech RepublicJac sm Kee genderITorg Eng editor and policy advocacy researcher Malaysia

23 International Coalitions and Partnerships

Our members and partners many of whom have rich experience at international regional and national levels strengthen APCrsquos policy advocacy work The following table lists some of the partners with which we work and the different policy and social movement spaces on which we focus

It is apparent in the post-WSIS global policy space that civil society-led approaches to global ICT and internet public policy is spread over a broad range of networks At an International Seminar on Civil Society Intervention in the Reform of Global Public Policy22 it was clear that a diversity of CSOs and networks engaging on global policy issues was a source of strength but that bringing activists together for a strategic 17 httpwwwapcwomenorgwsis 18 wwwwsis-csorg 19 wwwcrisinfoorg 20 wwwapcorgbooks 21 wwwgenderitorg22 Convened by the Ford Foundation and the Institute for New Reflection on Governance in Paris April 2007


discussion from time to time added value to the quality and effectiveness of civil society engagement with global public policy At WSIS APC served as a bridge between several social movements and networks Building on this role is a strategy we are exploring more closely as a way to sharpen the focus of global public policy work

International partner Main policy space Main issueadvocacy

CRIS Campaign WSISUNESCO23WIPO24 Communication rights

BCO25 UN (MDGs) Giving voice media and ICTs and poverty alleviation

GKP26 GAID Multi-stakeholder partnerships social innovation

IGF Capacity Building Initiative27

IGF ICANN28 and other internet community spaces

Increasing developing country participation in ICT and internet governance processes

AWID29 Womens movement spaces ICTs and violence against women

Public Voice - EPIC30 IGF OECD31 CSO involvement in OECD processes intellectual property rights (IPRs) trade and censorship

23 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation wwwunescoorg 24 World Intellectual Property Organisation wwwwipoint 25 Building Communication Opportunities Alliance httpwwwbcoallianceorg (of which APC is a member)26 Global Knowledge Partnership wwwglobalknowledgeorg 27 Members include the Internet Society (ISOC) (wwwisocorg) Business Action in the Information Society (BASIS) (httpwwwiccwboorgbasisid8215indexhtml) Network Resource Organisation (NRO) and the DIPLO Foundation28 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers wwwicannorg 29 Association of Womenrsquos Rights in Development wwwawidorg 30 APC the Internet Governance Project (IGP) (wwwinternetgovernanceorg) and the Electronic Privacy Information Centre (EPIC) (wwwepicorg) are collaborating in this initiative31 wwwoecdorg


Regional partner Main policy space Main issueadvocacy

UNDP32 National advocacy and IGF (Africa)

Research on open and community access models in Uganda and Rwanda

DECAL ndash LAC Communication Rights Campaign

Regional policy processes and civil society platformsmovements (World Social ForumAmericas Social Forum eLAC 2007)

Communication rights

REDISTIC33 ICT4D community and regional policy processes (LAC)

Multi-stakeholder partnerships for ICT4D

EDRI34 EUCommission policy (Europe)

Internet Rights

ONI35 OpenNet Initiative (Asia) Surveillance and censorship of mobile telephony in Asia

3 Global Advocacy on Open Universal and Affordable Access to the InternetAPC was an active civil society leader in the UN-sponsored WSIS which started in 2001 and culminated in November 2005

The summit took place in two stages ndash with an initial session in Geneva in 2003 and a second (and final) session in Tunis in 2005 The Geneva summit resulted in the production of the Declaration of Principles and Plan of Action while the meeting in Tunis produced the Tunis Commitment and the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society These four documents are key reference points for the follow-up to and implementation of WSIS outcomes

WSIS is widely considered to have significantly advanced civil society participation in global ICT policy in particular and intergovernmental summits in general APCs role in this respect was highlighted in a study by the IGP which noted that ldquothere is no doubt that WSIS was a more substantive inclusive and meaningful exercise in global governance because of the civil society mobilisation pioneered by CRIS and managed so impressively by APCrdquo36

However as noted by David Souter in GISW 200737 WSIS ldquodid not facilitate capacity building or change policy-making relationships at the national levelrdquo and ldquoits outcome

32 United Nations Development Programme wwwundporg 33 Le Red sobre el Impacto Social de las Tecnologicircas de la Informacioacuten y Comunicacioacuten wwwredisticorg (Network for the Social Impact of ICTs)34 European Digital Rights Initiative wwwedriorg 35 OpenNet Initiative httpopennetnet 36 Milton Mueller Breden Kuerbis and Christiane Pageacute Democratizing Global Communication Global Civil Society and the Campaign for Communication Rights in the Information Society International Journal of Communication 1 (2007) 267-296 httpijocorgojsindexphpijocarticleview1339 37 A joint publication of APC and the Third World Institute (ITeM) httpwwwglobaliswatchorgdownload


texts on development have proved too vague and ill-defined in practice to act as guidelines for either ICT or development agenciesrsquo programme planningrdquo38

Almost two years after its conclusion WSIS seems to be having little lasting impact on the issues it addressed and interest in WSIS follow-up processes ndash with the exception of the IGF ndash is low

In the post-WSIS phase the primary goal of APCrsquos global ICT policy work is to place the issue of universal and affordable access to the internet on the agenda of the IGF and to advocate for the internet as a public good and open access models as an appropriate global public policy for addressing universal and affordable access This section of the report reviews APCrsquos global public policy work with respect to WSIS implementation in the post-WSIS era

Open universal and affordable access to the internet is critical to its value as a global public good What we are witnessing in the sphere of global public policy is a low intensity struggle over the extent to which the internet and its associated technologies will be enclosed as opposed to making the internet as open a medium of information and communication for the widest number of people as possible

The degree of universality is one issue Indicators from 2005 put internet penetration in the developed world at 46 and in the developing world at 5 which translates into 750 million people connected in developed countries and just over 250 million in developing countries of which China counts for some 90 million39 Universal access to the internet in the developing world is largely an issue of the limited availability of broadband networks and the high cost of access just to the physical layer of the internet

Another factor affecting the cost of access is the battle between proprietary and free and open source software (FOSS) which affects the logical layer of the internet There is also a struggle over the issue of the control and regulation of the internet at the level of critical internet resources eg the domain name system Openness cuts across the whole world as an issue at the content layer of the internet and revolves around the degree of censorship surveillance and copyright expansion in the content layer of the internet Openness is also an issue of the extent to which access to the physical networks is controlled by monopoly network operators and service providers or to which the laws and regulations allow anyone to play The APC Internet Rights Charter40 draws attention to these issues

Key staff engaged in global public policy advocacy include

Anriette Esterhuysen executive director Chat Garcia Ramilo WNSP coordinator Karen Banks network development manager Valeria Betancourt LAC Policy Monitor project coordinator Willie Currie CIPP manager

31 WSIS Implementation

38 wwwGlobalISWatchorg 39 International Telecommunications Union wwwituint 40 httprightsapcorgchartershtml


CSOs are faced with the challenge of leveraging opportunities in the WSIS implementation processes laid out in the Tunis Agenda for the Information Society41

A bewildering set of implementation structures based on the eleven ldquoaction linesrdquo identified in the Geneva Plan of Action42 needed to be explored The action lines which divided up the policy agenda for building a global information society focused on policy issues like infrastructure security access to knowledge the media and capacity building Action line one on ICT applications had a further eight sub-action lines on issues like e-health e-agriculture and e-government

In addition broad monitoring and follow-up responsibility was allocated to the UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) a body that played no role whatsoever in WSIS has very little capacity and yet is now responsible for UN system-wide reporting and integration

APCrsquos approach was to attend the various initial action line meetings in Geneva Switzerland in May 2006 and get a sense of what was happening APC also offered to co-facilitate action line C2 on infrastructure with the ITU Not much happened during 2006 it was as if the WSIS policy life cycle peaked in Tunis in 2005 and we were all again at the bottom of the trough trying to find our bearings within an ill-defined im-plementation process that was to run until 2015

32 WSIS Follow-Up Events

321 The First Internet Governance Forum (IGF)The policy arena that generated the most energy in the post-WSIS period has been the process leading up to the first meeting of the IGF in Athens in November 2006 and in mid-2007 planning for the second IGF in Rio de Janeiro in November 2007

APC engaged in a series of consultations convened in Geneva by the IGF secretariat43

in May 2006 regarding the agenda and programme for the Athens meeting It made submissions on content and process and vigorously promoted the issue of develop-ment and access to the internet Access became one of the four broad themes of the meeting APC also engaged in the process of making nominations for the multi-stake-holder advisory group whose role it was to assist the IGF secretariat with the Athens meeting

The IGF meeting was a success as a space for general multi-stakeholder dialogue on internet governance APC organised workshops on access content regulation capacity building and the environment as well as proposing speakers for the plenary debates on access openness diversity and security44 APC chair Natasha Primo spoke in the high-level opening panel on behalf of civil society

The APC Internet Rights Charter was revised and distributed in English French and Spanish at the meeting and a summary version of a research paper by David Souter on developing country and civil society participation in WSIS which was eventually published (online) in May 200745

Several new partnerships for APC emerged during the first IGF process 41 wwwituintwsisdocumentsdoc_multiasplang=enampid=2267|0 42 wwwituintwsisimplementationindexhtml 43 wwwintgovforumorg 44 httpwwwapcorgenglishnewsindexshtmlx=5041512 45 httprightsapcorgpapersshtml


The IGF Capacity Building Initiative an informal coalition including APC ISOC BASIS the NRO Diplo Foundation46 GLOCOM Japan47 CIPESA48 and CIPACO49

Exploring mechanisms for improving access to participation in public policy pro-cesses with the UNECE50

The roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in compulsory and voluntary con-tent regulation mechanisms with EuroISPA51 and ISPA SA52

Exploring the connection between ICT public policy and environmental sustain-ability with the UNECE and IISD53

Dynamic coalition on privacy

All of these partnerships continued after IGF I and all partners are involved in planning activities with APC for IGF II

322 The Second Internet Governance ForumPreparations for the second IGF to be held in Rio de Janeiro in November 2007 are well under way A significant change in approaches to content methodologies and multi-stakeholder collaboration has been evident during this phase

APC has focused specifically on raising the profile of access to infrastructure for IGF II by articulating a more holistic approach to addressing the issue within the IGF This has involved

Outlining the different elements of access that need to be addressed in the IGF including regulation alternative business models technologies and tools local efforts to reduce costs and general capacity to sustain local access initiatives54

Proposing that specific workshops address each of these themes Identifying issues and speakers for main sessions to address these issues

In addition we are building on all of the work we began in IGF I through

Continuing work on content regulation in a workshop with UNIFEM55 EuroISPA Council of Europe and others with a focus on the lack of womens involvement in initiatives that deem to protect women and children in relation to ldquoillegal and harmfulrdquo content56

Presenting the UNECE Aarhus Convention57 as a best practice case study for improving access to information and public participation for democratic governance with the UNECE Council of Europe IGP and others58

Presenting APCs work on multi-stakeholder partnerships for influencing national ICT policy processes [based significantly on our Catalysing Access to

46 httpwwwdiplomacyedu 47 Center for Global Communications International University of Japan wwwglocomacjp 48 Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa wwwcipesaorg 49 Centre sur les politiques internationales des TIC Afrique du Centre et de lrsquoOuest (an initiative of Panos West Africa) httpwwwcipacoorg (International ICT Policy Centre of Central and West Africa)50 UN Economic Commission for Europe wwwuneceorg 51 The European Internet Services Providers Association httpwwweuroispaorg 52 The Internet Service Providersrsquo Association of South Africa httpwwwispaorgza 53 The International Institute for Sustainable Development wwwiisdorg 54 wwwapcorgenglishnewsindexshtmlx=5067091 55 United Nations Development Fund for Women wwwunifemorg 56 httpinfointgovforumorgyoppyphppoj=34 57 Convention on Access to Information Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters wwwuneceorgenvpptreatytexthtm 58 httpinfointgovforumorgyoppyphppoj=38


ICTs in Africa (CATIA) work as described in 416] with ISOC InfoDev the UK government and others

Tabling recommendations on the structure and terms of reference of the IGF advisory group and secretariat at the IGF open consultation held on 3 September 2007 in Geneva

In addition we will be hosting a one-day public event on low cost access addressing the four elements of access (regulation business models technologies and tools networks and capacities) with a broad range of partners

323 United Nations Commission for Science and Technology for Development (CSTD)Follow-up on UN conferences is normally monitored and reported to ECOSOC59 by a special committee At the conclusion of WSIS no such arrangement was in place but discussion began to explore the possibility of the CSTD playing such a role

The tenth session of the commission60 held 21-25 May 2007 in Geneva addressed the theme of ldquopromoting the building of a people-centred development-oriented and inclusive information societyrdquo and was intended to focus on reviewing the progress made in implementing WSIS outcomes at the regional and international level It did not appear to achieve this goal In fact many CSTD members expressed disagreement with the body having taken on this role in the first place as they feel it would detract from the CSTD meeting its core objectives

APC participated in this session and submitted concrete proposals61 to ensure more meaningful inclusion of voices of the people most impacted by the digital divide

33 Other Global Policy Spaces

331 United Nations Global Alliance for ICT4D (GAID)On the ICT4D front APC attended the inaugural meeting of GAID in Kuala Lumpur rep-resented by Chat Garcia Ramilo of APC WNSP in June 2006 and APCrsquos executive dir-ector Anriette Esterhuysen was appointed to the panel of high-level advisors to GAID GAID identified four issues on which it planned to focus health education entrepren-eurship and governance APC together with other partners proposed to form a Com-munity of Expertise on Public Social and Community Entrepreneurship62 which was accepted by the GAID Steering Committee in December 2006

332 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)This is a new policy space for APC and one which will receive significant attention during 2007 and 2008 The OECD has approached various CSOs to help increase participation in the upcoming OECD tenth ministerial meeting on the ldquoFuture of the Internet Economyrdquo and to help organise preparatory events including a one-day civil society pre-event APC represented by Karen Banks is working with the IGP and EPIC through the Public Voice Initiative in this respect63

59 United Nations Economic and Social Council httpwwwunorgecosoc 60 wwwunctadorgTemplatesMeetingaspintItemID=4066amplang=1 61 wwwapcorgenglishnewsindexshtmlx=5069139 and wwwapcorgenglishnewsindexshtmlx=5069135 62 wwwun-gaidorgennode161 63 wwwthepublicvoiceorgeventsoecdhtml


4 Linking Global Advocacy to Regional and National Advocacy Processes on Open Access to the InternetPart of the complexity of engaging in global public policy is having to traverse three policy spaces simultaneously Particularly when engaging from a developing country perspective it is vital to link global advocacy work with what is happening within regional and national policy spaces APC has tried to do this by maintaining a level of activity in Africa and LAC and to a lesser degree in Asia while supporting a number of national policy initiatives implemented by members and partners Bridging global regional and national spaces lends coherence to APCrsquos policy engagement and adds depth which complements the bridging we do horizontally between the various ICT issue networks active in global internet policy spaces64

41 Africa

In Africa APCrsquos main focus was on equitable and affordable access to communications infrastructure The provision of fixed telephony and international telecommunications services in most African countries remains under the dominant control of a national operator This has contributed to the underperformance of the sector in general (especially when compared to the more liberalised provision of mobile telecom services) and its contribution to the socio-economic development in particular

In 200607 APC ran a series of workshops and consultations on existing and proposed international regional nationallocal telecommunications infrastructure and networks The Fibre for Africa campaign website was launched and efforts were made to work with national and regional media to publicise the debate A major research initiative on connectivity to international bandwidth ndash specifically the existing (SAT3WASCSAFE) and planned (EASSy) submarine cables ndash was also initiated Support for six national level advocacy campaigns was provided in Kenya Senegal the DRC Ethiopia Nigeria and Uganda

411 The South Atlantic 3West Africa Submarine Cable (SAT-3WASC)The SAT-3WASC is a submarine communications cable linking Portugal and Spain to South Africa with connections to several west and southern African countries along the route In each of these countries access to the cable is controlled by the national operator This monopolistic control of the infrastructure has resulted in most cases in the under-utilisation of the cablersquos capacity with cost for international connectivity re-maining highunaffordable on the continent

APC together with partners convened a workshop for telecommunications regulatorsrsquo in Johannesburg on 24-25 July 2006 It was attended by African regulators policy ad-visors operators businesspeople civil society delegates and consumer groups Parti-cipants at the workshop discussed the opportunities that would exist should the mono-polistic control of SAT3WASC by national telecom operators come to an end and the implications this would have on for regulators

64 See Milton Muellerrsquos provisional typology of ICT issue networks as encompassing six areas of focus ndash internet governance access to knowledge and free and open source software human rights media reformcommunication rights and ICT for development in Milton Mueller and Veronique Kleck Information and Communications Technologies prepared for the International Seminar on Civil Society Intervention in the Reform of Global Public Policy Ford FoundationInstitute for a New Reflection on Governance 2007


A key output of the meeting was a media statement65 which called for a significant re-duction in SAT-3 prices and their eventual alignment with cost The reduction in prices would encourage the full and proper adoption of broadband access and help to realise its competitive economic and developmental potential The statement stressed that future regulatory decisions regarding SAT-3 should be in the interests of the industry as a whole and African consumers rather than in the sole interest of any single oper-ator or consortium of operators

In November 2006 APC and the UNDP convened a workshop in Johannesburg to ex-change ideas on viable options and critical issues relating to policy and advocacy on open access at local and national levels66 The workshop brought together 40 practi-tioners advocacy groups selected policy-makers and regulators from southern and eastern Africa Participants discussed how the principle of lsquoopen accessrsquo can be opera-tionalised with regard to national and ldquofirst-milerdquo infrastructure and ldquocommunity-driven networksrdquo67Follow-up initiatives from the workshop include exploration of the possibility of developing pilot community-based networks in the four East African coun-tries where UNDP research indicated their viability

412 The East African Submarine Cable System (EASSy)Despite its status as the worldrsquos poorest continent Africa has the highest international bandwidth prices in the world This constitutes a significant barrier to the regionrsquos development It not only makes it more expensive to do business in Africa but limits access to knowledge and expertise that citizens students professionals and decision-makers could otherwise use to engage in policy consultations that affect de-velopment in the region

The situation is perhaps more acute in East Africa which (unlike the western and southern coast of

Africa) does not have international (submarine) fibre connections The region therefore relies on satellites to meet its demands for bandwidth This is not only an expensive option but also contributes to significant outflows of capital as bandwidth is paid for in hard currency and most satellite service providers are based outside the continent

In response a consortium was set up in 2003 to build the East African Submarine Cable system (EASSy) to connect eight countries68 on the coast of east and southern Africa to other global submarine cable systems Eleven land-locked countries69 were also supposed to be connected to the system Soon after the inception of the consor-tium concerns were raised about the governance and terms under which access to ca-pacity on EASSy would be made available The policy issue at stake was whether EASSy would follow the monopolistic practices of its predecessor (SAT-3WASCSAFE submarine cable) or offer an open access regime to increase competition and lower prices and give consideration to development needs

65httpfibreforafricanetmainshtmlx=5039240ampals[MYALIAS6]=Regulators20issue20SAT320state - ment20ampals[select]=4887798 66 httpafricarightsapcorgindexshtmlapc=n30084e_20ampx=5043863 67 That is networks that are owned by local communities and which are capable of providing ICT services and internet access along with low-cost voice over internet protocol (VoIP) service 68 Sudan Dijibouti Somalia Kenya Tanzania Mozambique South Africa and Madagascar69 Ethiopia Lesotho Uganda Swaziland Rwanda Malawi Burundi Zimbabwe Zambia Botswana and the DRC


Participants at a highly successful70 consultation hosted by APC in Mombassa Kenya in March 2006 on the governance of EASSy articulated their concerns and decided that issues raised should be taken up with NEPAD Subsequently NEPAD eastern and southern African governments regulators and members of the EASSy consortium agreed to a set of policy and regulatory conditions for EASSy which were contained in a protocol agreed to in principle by a meeting of communications ministers from fif-teen member states on June 6 2006 A process for formal ratification of the protocol by participating governments was also put in motion71

In February 2007 a stakeholder analysis of the EASSy system authored by APCrsquos ICT policy researcher for the African region Abiodun Jagun was published in the APC Africa Policy Monitor72 The paper which was later quoted in the New York Times73

International Business Times74 USA Today75 and other publications provides a graphical illustration of the hierarchy of power and interest among the different stakeholder groups engaged in the EASSy process

413 The Fibre for Africa CampaignAPC participated in the Open Society Initiative for West Africarsquos (OSIWA)76 ldquoAchieving Affordable Bandwidthrdquo workshop held in Saly Senegal in December 2006 The workshop has led to APCrsquos role in supporting a campaign for open and affordable access to EASSy during 2006 and which received major attention in the international press The campaign known as ldquoFibre for Africardquo and the website httpfibreforafricanet was put together to provide basic information about international bandwidth in Africa its costs and the existence of monopoly access to it

414 APC Research on Access to Infrastructure in AfricaIn 2006 APC initiated a four-country research project ldquoSAT-3WASC Post-Implementa-tion Audit Country Case Studiesrdquo The overriding objective of the research is to identify and document both positive and negative lessons that can be learned from the development implementation and management of the cable

The results of this research will be useful in two ways First it will give current and fu-ture infrastructure-oriented campaigns better insight in explaining the problems that have occurred as a result of the adoption of a particular set of decisions regarding SAT-3WASC In this way arguments pointing to the pitfalls of ldquoclosedrdquo decision-making will be supported by the presentation of facts and real-life examples Second in cases 70 Instead of the initially expected thirty participants a total of ninety arrived The meeting received extensive coverage in African and international media and APC launched the Fibre for Africa website to provide informa-tion on access to infrastructure in Africa 71 The protocol included principles to ensure non-discriminatory open access to the two networks as well as a price-cap regime to prevent monopolistic pricing on bandwidth This was a successful milestone achieved by the participation of all stakeholders in the process led by NEPADrsquos eAfrica Commission However consensus was not to last Some operators in the EASSy consortium baulked at the regulatory regime EASSy was to op-erate under and they started to undermine the protocol using non-transparent back-door manoeuvres The Kenyan government indicated it was not happy with the delays around EASSy and announced that it would develop its own cable Eventually only 2 of the 23 governments had signed the protocol by December 2006 There are now three initiatives in addition to EASSy planning to lay submarine cables along the eastern coast of Africa72 httpafricarightsapcorgen-chakulashtmlx=5059183one 73 wwwapcorgenglishnewsindexshtmlx=507575374 wwwibtimescomarticles20070603eastern-africa-broadbandhtm75 wwwusatodaycomtechproducts2007-06-03-3689249882_xhtm76 wwwosiwaorg


where there have been positive initiatives undertaken despite the conditions under which SAT-3WASC was implemented the results of the study would prove useful to campaign partners and operators should similar directions in decision-making be taken on current and future infrastructure projects

415 Africa ICT Policy Monitor and ChakulaThe Africa ICT Policy Monitor began a review process with regard to its aims and ob-jectives following an evaluation of APCrsquos policy websites in May 2006 The outcome of the review was to re-orient the site to be less ldquoencyclopaedicrdquo (in trying to capture every policy document news item or activity in Africa) and instead to focus more on is-sues and countries in which APC is active in policy advocacy campaigns This is partly because the evaluation of the APC ICT Policy Monitor indicated that it was visited more by international users than African ones

The newsletter Chakula is also changing strategy to use ldquopushrdquo approaches to reach out to a wider audience within Africa rather than expecting them to have the band-width to reach our website Chakula special editions in 2006 focused on Africa at WSIS77 and interviews with national policy advocates78

416 Catalysing Access to ICTs in Africa (CATIA)APC as the lead implementer of the CATIA programmersquos component on African-led ad-vocacy for ICT policy reform supported six national advocacy processes in Africa Our CATIA work started in March 2004 and finished in August 2006 and was carried out by supporting existing initiatives and developing the capacity of informed advocacy groups and individuals from the private sector civil society and media

In the process we developed an approach to supporting national ICT policy advocacy campaigns The approach depended on a combination of four factors

Capacity building of national policy animators through regular workshops and individual mentoring

A multi-stakeholder approach to encouraging national ICT policy dialogue that includes government the private sector civil society and the media

Devolvement of control of the process to the national animator Encouraging the national animator to form policy networks as a platform to

drive advocacy

An evaluation of the CATIA process was undertaken by the UKrsquos Department for Inter-national Development (DFID) and the advocacy component of the programme ndash for which APC was the lead implementer ndash was very favourably assessed79 APC also sup-ported a number of articles on lessons learned from the CATIA process80

Kenya Positive policy and regulatory reform really took off in Kenya from as early as 2005 The Kenya ICT Action Network81 (KICTANet) a multi-stakeholder advocacy net-work undertook a range of inclusive policy debates with the government private sec-tor media and consumers and collaborated closely with the government in the formu-lation of the ICT policy that was approved by cabinet in January 200682 Its efforts in-77 httpafricarightsapcorgen-chakulashtmlx=4958931 78 httpafricarightsapcorgen-chakulashtmlx=5040480 79 httpwwwgamosorgictscatia-catalysing-access-to-ict-in-africahtml80 httpwebarchiveorgweb20070415021355wwwcatiawsindexphp81 httpwwwkictanetorke 82 wwwapcorgenglishnewsindexshtmlx=3870218


cluded online and face-to-face consultations on the Kenya ICT policy with stakeholders At the regulatory level KICTANet advocacy played a direct role in the liberalisation of VoIP by the regulator KICTANet created a replicable model of a multi-stakeholder ad-vocacy network which included participation of the private sector [internet service providers (ISPs)] CSOs and consumer groups and the permanent secretary of the Min-istry of Information and Communications

Senegal In Senegal greater awareness of the value of ICTs has been raised among members of the media in order to promote better coverage of ICT policy issues The CATIA animators also started up a TV programme on ICT policy called DebaTIC

The DRC The civil society-based network Multi Sector ICT Dynamic83 (DMTIC) came together in the DRC as part of CATIA to engage policy-makers and use research to inform advocacy on a national backbone network based on open access principles At this time the DRC has no fibre optic connection to the international internet

Ethiopia The Ethiopian Free and Open Source Software Network84 (EFOSSNet) successfully completed a number of training programmes in July 2006 and held Linux Professional Institute examinations for trainees in Addis Ababa in October EFOSSNet formed a womenrsquos FOSS group called Lucynyx which held an event in September on Software Freedom Day that was attended by government representatives

Nigeria In a country of thirty million people Nigeria has only one community radio and no policy on community broadcasting in place However there are hopeful signs that things are changing In Nigeria the advocacy coalition engaged government to appoint a multi-stakeholder Community Radio Policy Committee The committee produced a report on guidelines for community radio in December 2006 but the government has yet to make a decision

Uganda In Uganda a womenrsquos ICT network the Uganda Womenrsquos Caucus on ICTs (UWCI) was reactivated and the Rural Communication Development Fund (RCDF) is being evaluated using the APC WNSP Gender Evaluation Methodology (GEM) to advocate for gender-sensitive approaches to rural development and ICTs A number of issue papers were produced including one on convergence by Kate Wild85 and another on open access to infrastructure in Africa by Mike Jensen86 both in English and French

42 Asia

Although the CIPP team does not have dedicated staff for work in Asia good progress was made in supporting three national policy advocacy processes in Bangladesh (broadband policy)87 India (open access to ICT4D online and audiovisual content in-cluding an online space regarding information and communication policies for India)88

and Pakistan (community radio)89

Through partnership with the ONI APC developed a research framework to explore the impact of developments of mobile phone telephony on freedom of expression

83 httpdownloadsbbccoukworldservicetrustpdfAMDIdrcamdi_drc19_casepdf 84 wwwefossnetorg85 httprightsapcorgdocumentsconvergence_ENpdf 86 httprightsapcorgdocumentsopen_access_ENpdf 87 wwwbfesnet 88 wwwIS-watchnet 89 wwwbytesforallorg


association and movement in southeast Asia and nationally in the Philippines Cambodia South Korea Pakistan and Bangladesh

421 National advocacyBangladesh Submarine Cable APC is supporting a national campaign led by BFES to persuade government to allow open access to the submarine cable that was landed on the coast of Bangladesh in 2006

India APC is supporting a campaign pushing for all digital content produced related to development to be made openly accessible and affordable for all

Pakistan APC is supporting a national campaign to persuade the government to reform its laws in order to permit the development of community radio in Pakistan

422 Research on Censorship and Surveillance of Mobile Telephony Mobile telephony use has exploded all over the planet ndash in developed and developing world contexts Relatively inexpensive and portable mobile phones and their applications - from relatively low-end short message service (SMS) to higher-end emerging third generation (3G) and location-based services - have led their utopian descriptions as ldquothe internet of the massesrdquo In particular the Asia Pacific region is one of the epicentres of this global explosion with Asia Pacific showing the highest growth rates in mobile telephony uptake

The main question to be asked is if as the mainstream internet the mobile telephony space is also becoming an arena for censorship content filtering and surveillance The technologies to do so are definitely available and the contexts within such countries as Philippines Bangladesh Pakistan Cambodia and South Korea seem to be conducive to such practices

This exploratory research hopes to provide a venue to help the ONI develop a framework as well as technical and analytical tools to audit a countryrsquos mobile telephony space and extend ONIrsquos initial research to this arena It proposes relatively quick collaborative research from which a broader investigation can be made

43 Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)

In the LAC region APCrsquos focus was on a number of interlocking issues In 2006 APC worked hard to open up the LAC regionrsquos only regional policy space following WSIS eLAC2007 We strengthened partnerships with members and other organisations that are active in policy issues and worked together to build our capacity to understand and participate in policy processes whether regional thematic or national As in Africa LAC adopted the open access framework to guide our different activities One of the main challenges during 2006 was to identify new spaces and ways to facilitate the engagement of grassroots activists and communities in ICT policy processes As a way forward wersquoll be working on popularising ICT policy and internet rights content mater-ials and research in 2007

431 LAC ICT Policy MonitorThe LAC ICT Policy Monitor project supports the involvement of CSOs in regional and national policy spaces by building capacities to understand and influence ICT policy processes An example of this is its involvement in the formulation of the white paper


on the Information Society in Ecuador by incorporating alternative visions and ap-proaches in both the process and content of the policy90 Another example is participa-tion in the 2006 WALC held in Quito Ecuador in July by organising the Internet and Society Forum a public multi-stakeholder dialogue around ICT policies91

The LAC ICT Policy Monitor was involved in a number of research activities during 2006 The first was rdquoEffective access of rural communities to broadcasting in equal op-portunities A key strategy for digital inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbeanrdquo a collaboration with the World Association of Community Broadcasters (AMARC) and the APC WNSP The project addressed the question ldquoHow can broadcasting be used as a digital inclusion strategyrdquo and identified barriers and restrictions that rural communit-ies face in effectively accessing broadcasting It also highlighted specific case studies and best practices in public policies

The second was a collaboration between APC and the International Institute for Com-munication and Development92 (IICD) as part of the BCO Alliance to assess ICT4D policy process learning and evaluation and in particular the policy participation around ICT4D processes in Bangladesh Bolivia and Uganda In Bolivia we learned im-portant lessons about intervening in a national ICT policy context One of the main les-sons is the need to consistently bear in mind the complexity of the policy process The temperature of the political climate needs to be measured constantly and policy ad-vocates need to make different risk analyses There is clear evidence of the need to ensure the inclusion of all stakeholders particularly rural and poor communities to de-termine the real priorities that the policy process should include in order to truly en-hance development as well as the need to advocate strongly around their inclusion in policy formulation and implementation The social and economic conditions of Bolivia demanded research at the earliest stages of the policy process in order for advocates to have a solid understanding of the context in which the ICT4D policy processes would play out

The APC LAC ICT Policy Monitor website was revamped and re-launched on 26 October 2006 The new version of the website responds to the need for improved design and structure and reflects the evolution of the projectrsquos objectives by including new them-atic areas and resources (such as the national statistics section) A number of thematic newsletters were published in 2006 on issues like the Creative Commons in Latin America the eLAC2007 regional ICT policy process and the EU and the World Social Forum in Caracas Venezuela93

432 The Latin American Regional Plan for the Information Society (eLAC)In 2006 APC developed a proposal for the inclusion of civil society participation in the eLAC2007 implementation process94 The proposal was submitted to the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean95 (ECLAC) which is responsible for coordinating eLAC2007 and the eLAC2007 implementation mechanism (made up of the governments of Ecuador El Salvador Brazil and Trinidad and Tobago) It included measures to combat the lack of information and the absence of consultative channels and became a formal input to the Third eLAC2007 Coordination Meeting held in Santi-ago de Chile on the 27-28 November 2006

90 wwwglobaliswatchorgennode454 91 wwwwalc2006ulaveenglishindexhtml92 wwwiicdorg 93 httplacderechosapcorges-newslettershtml 94 httpwwwapcorgespanolnewsindexshtmlx=5041566 95 wwweclacorg


Several measures have since been adopted by ECLAC including the production of a newsletter to provide updates on the status of implementation and meetings related to eLAC2007 and a foresight study that includes interviews with regional actors and a public survey about ICT-related issues aimed at providing inputs for future regional ac-tion plans on the information society96

APC held a LAC regional ICT policy workshop in Montevideo Uruguay in November 2006 The workshop brought together a group of around thirty people working in ICT4D from different perspectives It was a platform for policy dialogue between practi-tioners advocates researchers and academics around issues including open access internet governance and mobile telephony for poverty reduction It also reviewed the situation of ICT policies in different countries in the LAC region from civil society per-spectives The workshop offered opportunities for enhancing the capacity of members and partners to understand critical policy issues New alliances were formed as a result of the workshop and older ones were strengthened The workshop identified ap-proaches issues and initiatives around which regional collaboration could be cemen-ted

In 2006 APC also participated in consultancy work for UNESCO to devise guidelines for the formulation of national information policies UNESCO has published and dissemin-ated the outcome document ldquoBuilding National Information Policies Experiences in Latin Americardquo with to UN member states in LAC97 APC is also working with ALER to build the capacities of national community media advocates to intervene in the policy process based on the notion of broadcasting as a key strategy for digital inclusion APC and ALER convened a regional workshop to look at national and regional policy pro-cesses with an emphasis on digital radio in June 2007 APC is also working to regional-ise the partnership and collaborate on the IGF framework

In all the APC LAC policy programme was present at around fifteen key events in 2006 APC policy work has become highly respected in the region and the LAC ICT Policy Monitor project is considered to be one of the key players and references for both civil society and public sector bodies and actors

5 Nurturing and Growing the Existing Network of APC Members and Partners Engaged with ICT PoliciesWhen WSIS ended in 2005 APC and its members shifted emphasis from advocacy in global policy processes to supporting implementation of outcomes at the national level and on building stronger connections between national regional and global processes

We prioritised capacity building for our members and their networks to support their active engagement in national ICT policy processes This included support for research issue briefings policy analysis advocacy media coverage and so forth

During the past five years APCs members and their networks have developed the skills expertise and confidence in several cases to lead civil society national ICT policy initiatives to influence policy and in all cases to become more active and effective in national ICT policy work

Issues that members have worked on range from local government funding of broadband infrastructure in Argentina to campaigns for Freedom of Expression in 96 wwwelac2007infoda=6f96 and wwwcepalorgSocInfo 97 httpinfolacucolmxobservatorioarte_libropdf


Bulgaria calls for open access to government information in Colombia and multi-stakeholder initiatives to develop basic infrastructure in the DRC

Currently APC has 22 members and partners (out of a total of 41 members and many more partners) who are not only actively engaged in national processes often playing the lead role but who also contribute significantly in regional and global policy spaces

Member or partner Country Primary policy advocacy policy spaceAlternatives-DRC DRC ICT infrastructureArabDev Egypt Access to technologyBlueLink Bulgaria Environment and ICTsBFES Bangladesh Submarine cable infrastructure Bytes4All Bangladesh ICT infrastructure and community radioBytes4All Pakistan VoIPc2o Australia Regional ICT policyColnodo Colombia National ICT policy and legislationEFOSSNet Ethiopia FOSS and ICT policyFMA Philippines Government transparency and accountabilityIT4Change India IPRs and open access to contentITeM Uruguay IPRs and national ICT policyKICTANet Kenya Multi-stakeholder partnerships and increasing

access to infrastructureLaNeta Mexico Communication rights and spectrum allocationNodo Tau Argentina National ICT policy and legislationOpen Institute Cambodia Rural connectivityOWPSEE Bosnia-Herzegovina IPRs ICTs and access to educationPangea Spain Gender and ICT policyRITS Brazil Telecentres and computer refurbishingStrawberryNet Romania FOSSWomensnet South Africa Gender and ICT policyZaMirNet Croatia FOSS and IPRs

In addition to the core support that CIPP the APC WNSP and management systems provide two initiatives have been instrumental in supporting the development of this network of national ICT policy initiatives

The GISW initiative funded by the Ford Foundation The EED-funded ldquoKnowledge and capacity for civil society engagement in ICT

policy linking national advocacy to global networks through south-south collaboration and information sharingrdquo

The EED-funded initiative provided support for a range of activities from 2004 to March 2007 including

Support for national ICT policy monitor sites Skills development in information architecture design use of content

management systems use of social networking tools (wikis blogs comment boxes etc) content generation and content sharing skills monitoring and evaluation of sites

Building content partnerships (agreements to share content with other organisations)

National ICT policy consultations to support constituency and coalition building awareness raising and network strengthening


Localisation and animation (translation dissemination and training) of the APC Internet Rights Charter into 21 different languages

The initiative has had significant impact by

Helping to define national ICT policy issue priorities and developing legitimacy through consultative processes

Increasing the visibility and awareness of and respect for civil societys expertise in ICT policy by policy-makers media and other stakeholders

Developing strong informational bases for future activism Bringing civil society perspectives to decision-makers Providing platforms for building new and more diverse partnerships and

collaboration

There has been a growing awareness that this rich and diverse network of national ICT policy monitors animators and campaigners constitutes a significant element of APCs content-producing apparatus In this way it has an on-going role in APC as a vehicle for raising awareness about ICT policy issues

The national ICT policy network has come to be a core activity of member and partner collaboration and network building in the APC community It is integral to APCrsquos broader CIPP with members actively involved in policy research coalition building advocacy campaigns global ICT policy spaces such as the IGF and participation in the annual GISW report

6 Global Information Society WatchIn order to hold governments accountable to the promises made at WSIS and elsewhere and to provide a vehicle that would animate and facilitate ongoing civil society activism in national regional and global ICT policy processes APC partnered with ITeM its member in Uruguay and host of Social Watch98 to start producing annual GISW reports

GISW is intended to be an annual publication that monitors the implementation of key international and regional agreements on the information society from a civil society perspective While a particular focus is on the implementation of WSIS commitments agreements reached at other forums such as the IGF or regional plans such as the African Action Plan (Accra Ghana) are also relevant

The idea of APC publishing a report that monitors internet rights and policy implementation dates back to 2001 when APC first launched regional ICT policy monitors in Europe Africa and Latin America ITeM the publisher of Social Watch gradually built ICT-related indicators into its monitoring framework and considered expanding this into a separate section or publication APC raised the idea at the BCO meeting in Kathmandu Nepal in January 2006 and one partner in particular Dutch Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries99 (Hivos) expressed strong interest in participating

But GISW only moved closer to implementation at the Ford Foundation meeting in Punta Ballena Uruguay in March 2006 when APC and ITeM agreed to engage in a collaborative effort to produce a yearly report as a tool for activism capacity-building

98 httpwwwsocialwatchorg99 wwwhivosnl


and participation in ICT policy at national regional and global levels The project was further discussed between APC and ITeM and among APC members at the APC national portals content workshop held between June and July 2006 in London UK At that time several APC members expressed interest in the initiative and committed themselves to writing country reports for the GISW 2007 publication

In developing this project APC and ITeM aim at promoting a healthy ldquoinstitutional ecologyrdquo in the information and communication sector (ie effective regulators good policy processes the participation of consumer groups civil society media research institutions etc) pursuing the following long-term goals

Improve participation and awareness of all relevant actors at national regional and international levels

Build andor strengthen international regional and national networks of monit-orswatchers in a learning by doing exercise

Research and adopt appropriate tools to measure progress (or lack thereof) to-wards the achievement of internationally-agreed goals

Bring ldquotraditionalrdquo development and ICT4D practitioners closer

At the London meetings it was decided that each year the GISW report would focus on a particular issue of relevance to all the partners in the initiative For the first GISW publication the focus would be on the issue of participation in national and global policy processes (with a special emphasis on CSOsrsquo and womenrsquos participation in the development and implementation of ICT policies)

GISW 2007 was launched on 22 May 2007 in Geneva Switzerland as one of the activities in the cluster of WSIS-related events that took place May 14-25 The report was subsequently launched on the sidelines of a discussion meeting in Dhaka Bangladesh on ldquoReviewing the progress of WSIS action plan in Bangladeshrdquo organised by Bytesforall Bangladesh and other partner organisations and in Johannesburg South Africa at the third annual SANGONet100 ICTs for Civil Society conference

The report has four sections The first section ldquoWSIS in Reviewrdquo critically examines the impact of the summit and the post-WSIS environment The second ldquoInstitutional Overviewsrdquo looks at the role of ITU ICANN UNESCO UNDP and WIPO in global ICT policy The third section ldquoMeasuring Progressrdquo discusses the challenges around understanding and developing appropriate ICT indicators and the last section ldquoCountry Reportsrdquo covers development and implementation of ICT policies in 22 countries as diverse as India Spain Peru and the DRC While the first three sections of the report were commissioned to consultants with deep knowledge of the issues and institutions at stake101 the country reports were developed by APC members and partner organisations102 Licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Creative Commons license the report is available for download103

While for the 2007 report there was a majority of APC members producing the country reports the project has the potential to consolidate a larger ICT civil society network that emerged from the WSIS process Some of these organisations were already involved in GISW from its first number including the Learning Information Networking Knowledge (LINK) Centre at the University of the Witwatersrand104 in South Africa

100 The Southern African NGO Network wwwsangonetorgza 101 Please refer to httpwwwglobaliswatchorgauthors2007 for a list of the authors102 The list of contributing organisations is available at httpwwwglobaliswatchorgorganisations 103 wwwglobaliswatchorg 104 httplinkwitsacza


Indiarsquos IT for Change105 the Consortium for the Sustainable Development of the Andean Ecoregion106 (CONDESAN) and InfoAndina107 in Peru

When launched in Geneva the 2007 report was enthusiastically received by the WSIS community108 APC has received several expressions of interest to participate in the subsequent editions This would ensure an even broader network of contributors for the following issues Some of these contributions have already been agreed For instance the Swiss NGO Platform on the Information Society comunica-ch has agreed to write a report on ICT policies in Switzerland for the 2008 report

Hivos has expressed interest in joining APC and ITeM as a core partner of the project and asked Alan Finlay (who edited the country reports in GISW 2007) to compile a review of the current status of the GISW and a proposal for a way forward taking into account amongst other things

Potential ownershippartnership models and possible roles and responsibilities Editorial mechanisms and production processes Different possibilities for the GISW product including ideas regarding its essen-

tial features distribution partners and sustainability and The expectations of contributors and their capacity development needs

Alanrsquos report which was delivered to APC ITeM and Hivos in July 2007 will be discussed in October 2007 in Geneva Switzerland

One of the main findings included in the report is that ldquoGISW presents a unique opportunity for collaboration between three established and influential non-profit organisations Each partner brings potentially strong networks to the table with only some overlap Each partner has core competencies or areas of experience that can be effectively leveraged for the project The partners also have strong experience in the national and global ICT arenas At the same time there is evidence that the product is needed and that it can easily niche itself in the current environmentrdquo

105 wwwitforchangenet 106 wwwcondesanorg 107 wwwinfoandinaorg 108 See httpwwwglobaliswatchorgcomments for some comments on the 2007 report


Appendix 1 New Members since June 1 2006APCrsquos network is extensive and growing We currently have 51 member organisations in 41 countries as well as a vast community of partnerships with individuals organisa-tions and networks all over the world working in a range of areas from human rights to sustainable development grass-roots literacy work to appropriate and low-cost con-nectivity internet governance to gender equality and womenrsquos empowerment

Members get involved by sharing information discussing activities developing policy positions and participating in general planning and working in a range of online com-munity spaces We offer small grants to members to develop collaborative projects to-gether and opportunities to participate in events that are relevant to our collective strategic priorities We hold regular face-to-face and online meetings for members at the regional and global levels And therersquos constant interaction between staff and members

The Networks amp Development Foundation (FUNREDES) (wwwfunredesorg) FUNREDES comes into the APC fold from the Dominican Republic with an almost twenty-year history in ICTs a key geographical position (it is the only member in the Caribbean) and a wide array of focus areas that range from cultural and linguistic di-versity to the ethical dimension of ICTs The social impact of ICT (and how to make it positive) is the theme that inspires all FUNREDESrsquo programmes and activities The or-ganisation has begun and led a vibrant virtual community of actors Methodology and Social Impact of ICT in Latin America and the Caribbean (MISTICA) that has according to FUNDREDES director Daniel Pimienta ldquomarked a period for ICTs in the region creat-ing bridges between academia and civil society fomenting collaboration and creating opportunities for collective work through networks and the issue of diversityrdquo The or-ganisation is currently in the process of transition towards becoming a think tank (group for study consultancy and education)(APC member since May 2006)

Institute for Popular Democracy (IPD) (wwwipdorgph) ldquoResearch for change advocacy for democracy analyses for action education for em-powermentrdquo Behind this slogan is the IPD a Philippines-based group with two decades of experience in the field A fairly large organisation by non-profit standards IPD takes an overtly political stance towards the challenges facing the country itrsquos operating in The organisationrsquos goal is to do political and economic research serving social move-ments non-profit organisations and progressive local government officials It provides advocacy training at local sub-regional and regional levels and popularises its work through a diverse publication and dissemination strategy IPD began working with ICTs in 1998 through its political mapping (PolMap) work After assessing the impact of this project IPD decided to incorporate ICTs more strategically through the Applied Tech-nologies and Information Solutions (ATIS) team ATIS is the institutersquos ICT project and advocacy centre (wwwatiscomph) (APC member since June 2006)

Voices for Interactive Choice and Empowerment (VOICE) (wwwvoicebdorg) VOICE is located in the Shyamoli locality of Bangladeshrsquos capital Dhaka VOICE de-scribes itself as ldquoa research and advocacy organisation working through partnership and networkingrdquo VOICE works with internet and radio to increase access to informa-tion as a means of enabling organisational and community self-determination and em-powerment It focuses on the issues of corporate globalisation the role of the interna-tional financial institutions media and communication rights ICTs and food sover-eignty VOICE works locally and nationally and has been active in the WSIS process


both globally and through national level mobilisation It promotes access to ICTs as a human right and is very active in the CRIS campaign(APC member since June 2006)

Japan Computer Access for Empowerment (JCAFE) (wwwjcafenetenglish) ldquoSkills for the peoplerdquo Thatrsquos the motto of Tokyo-based JCAFE JCAFErsquos agenda is to fill the gap between the potential offered by the net and the blocks to accessing it ndash espe-cially for NGOs who lack the technology and skills to take advantage of this exciting new medium JCAFE has 00 members and supports 400 NGOs in Japan Its priority is ldquocapacity building for NGOsrdquo says JCAFE chair Tadahisa ldquoTarattardquo Hamada ldquoWe have seminars about the technical and social aspects of ICT on themes like web accessibil-ity the digital divide and web-designingrdquo JCAFE (along with its close working partner and fellow APC member JCA-NET) has particular experience and expertise in relation to ldquocivil libertiesrdquo issues such as surveillance data retention harvesting and monitoring wiretapping and invests much time and energy in awareness raising lobbying and campaigning around these issues nationally regionally and internationally It also has a specific interest in promoting civil society participation in public policy processes as is demonstrated by its long-time commitment to the WSIS process ndash often at its own expense(APC member since November 2006)

Proteacutegeacute QV (wwwprotegeqvorg) Protege QV aims to promote individual and collective initiatives that support rural de-velopment the protection of the environment and the improvement of the wellbeing of the communities of Cameroon It uses information (through radio programmes groups discussions video showing documents publications and exhibitions) training work-shops and research as vectors to implement its projects Since 2004 Proteacutegeacute has had a programme on the reduction of e-illiteracy for rural women in the Upper Nkam divi-sion of Cameroon and it has organized many trainings using FOSS radio and mobile phones(APC member since March 2007)

Metamorphosis Foundation (MF) (wwwmetamorphosisorgmk) MF is an independent non-partisan and non-profit foundation based in Skopje Macedonia Its main goals are the development of democracy and prosperity by promoting knowledge-based economy and information society Metamorphosis started working in 1999 as part of the e-publishing program of the Foundation Open Society Institute Macedonia and became an independent foundation in 2004 Besides ICT literacy and capacity building its activities include a series of projects under the umbrellas of ICT policy governance civil liberties and legislative work(APC member since March 2007)

Bangladesh Friendship Education Society (BFES) (wwwbfesnet) BFES is a non-government development organization based in Bangladesh It was established in 1993 and its mission is to promote educational projects in rural areas The founders are educationalists and development practitioners BFES considers the immense power of ICTs to be central in the implementation of its activities BFES has also been in active in mobilising multi-stakeholder groups around the submarine cable initiative which if successful should bring more affordable broadband access to many Bangladeshi people It also hosted the 2006 South Asian ICT Policy Workshop which was seen to be a great success by all who attended and works closely with VOICE and BNNRC (a partner currently applying for APC membership)(APC member since April 2007)


Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA) (wwwcipesaorg) CIPESA is an initiative to help Africans to better understand the policy-making processes that affect them especially in the area of ICT4D Its mission is to increase the capacity of east and south African stakeholders to participate in international ICT policy-making The aim is to promote the effective representation of African interests in international policy-making processes and to see that international policy decisions can effectively be translated into positive outcomes for Africa CIPESA began as a programme of bridgesorg a non-profit organisation with bases in the Uganda South Africa and the US CIPESA is now registered as an independent company limited by guarantee under the laws that govern not-for-profits in Uganda(APC member since May 2007)

AZUR Deacuteveloppement (wwwazurdevorg) AZUR is a registered non-profit organization working in the area of socio-cultural development in the Congo and Africa generally It is quite a young organisation founded in May 2002 but only became active in early 2003 AZURs objectives include promoting womenrsquos empowerment sustainable development and arts and culture bringing multi-fold assistance to sick and vulnerable people and working to protect environment Although ICTs are not the major focus of AZURs work many activities incorporate ICTs significantly through training and capacity building particularly with young and rural women generation of local content (including a CSO information sharing portal wwwlissangaorg and a newsletter which aims to gather together stakeholder information for policy processes) and research on the use of ICTs to name a few (APC member since July 2007)

OneWorld Platform for Southeast Europe Foundation (OWPSEE) (httpseeoneworldnet) OWPSEE began in 2003 as an initiative of One World Italy (Unimondo) (a member of APC since November 2003) The OWPSEE initiative was at that time a portal of online text and audio news linking the countries of the region During 2006 OWPSEE developed into a fully autonomous and independent not-for-profit foundation formally registered in Sarajevo Bosnia-Herzegovina OWPSEE has grown into a recognized information service organization and partner for social change collaborating with around 200 partner organizations across the region and the world OWPSEEs mission is to hasten democratic developments and positive social change within civil societies of the region and to build cooperation through interactive platforms at local national regional and international levels (APC member since August 2007)


Appendix 2 APC WebsitesDESCRIPTION URL Language

APC Website wwwapcorgenglishwwwapcorgespanol

EnglishSpanish ndash French and Portuguese in 2006

APC Womens Programme (APC WNSP)

wwwapcwomenorg English

Gender and ICT Evaluation Website

wwwapcwomenorggem EnglishSpanish (Portuguese under development)

Gender Awards wwwgenderawardsnet EnglishGender and ICT Portal wwwgenderitorg EnglishSpanish

(and Portuguese launch 2006)

APC Africa Women (AAW) wwwapcafricawomenorg English (some French content)

APC ICT POLICYRIGHTSGlobalAPC ICT Policy and Internet Rights (revised)

httprightsapcorghttpderechosapcorg

EnglishSpanish

GenderGender and ICT portal wwwgenderitorg EnglishSpanish

(Portuguese 2006RegionalAPC Africa ICT Policy Monitor httpafricarightsapcorg EnglishFrenchAPC LAC ICT Policy Monitor httplacderechosapcorg SpanishNationalArgentina TAU httpwwwhaciendocumbreorgar SpanishAustralia apcau httprightsapcorgau EnglishBangladesh Bytes4All httpbangladeshictpolicybytesforallnet EnglishBosnia-Herzegovina OWPSEE

wwwict-policyba SerbianEnglish

Bulgaria Bluelink wwwbluelinknetwsis BulgarianEnglishBrazil RITS wwwinfoinclusaoorgbr PortugueseCambodia OpenInstitute httpopenorgkhictpolicy KhmerEnglishColombia Colnodo httpcmsicolnodoapcorg SpanishCroatia Zamirnet wwwzamirnethrdrupal CroatianEnglishDRC Alternatives wwwrdc-ticcd FrenchEthiopia EFOSSNet wwwefossnetorg EnglishEgypt ArabDev wwwarabdevorgict_portal - not active ArabicEnglishMexico Laneta wwwlanetaapcorgcmsi SpanishPakistan Bytes4All httppakistanictpolicybytesforallnet EnglishPhilippines FMA httpwsisfmagnapcorg EnglishTagalogRomania Strawberrynet httppoliticngoro RomanianEnglishSpain Pangea wwwpangeaorgdonaframeset_ticshtm SpanishCatalanUruguay Chasque httppoliticasinfoycomorguy SpanishSouth Africa Womensnet httpwomensnetorgzaict English


Appendix 3 APCorg Website Statistics for 2006109

Here we provide a breakdown of the most useful measurable website statistics The APC website (wwwapcorg) includes the statistics for all sites on the apcorg domain including the African and LAC ICT Policy Monitors

APCorgSummarised Website Statistics for 2006

First visit 1 January 2006 ndash 0000Last visit 31 December 2006 ndash 2359

Unique visitors

Number of visits

Pages Hits Bandwidth

Viewed traffic110

lt = 537768Exact value not available in lsquoYearrdquo view

823380(153 visits per visitor)

3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB

In 2006 APCorg received more than 500000 unique visitors accessing more than three million pages It is a site that attracts people from all over the world The most visitors come from the USA with Brazil and Colombia in third and fifth place respect-ively Brazilians accessed over a quarter of a million pages on the APC site in 2006 In the top 23 visiting nations registered by continent were

North America USA Canada (in this order) Europe Switzerland Germany UK Czech Republic EU Spain Netherlands

France LAC Brazil Colombia Mexico Argentina Venezuela Chile Peru Uruguay Asia-Pacific Australia South Korea China India Africa South Africa

APCorg Top Visiting Countries in 2006Countries Pages Hits Bandwidth

United States us 1298497 4059101 5522 GBUnknown ip 390379 1497566 1742 GBSwitzerland ch 270091 289923 1226 GBBrazil br 256680 330901 314 GBGermany de 96543 311883 237 GBColombia co 92515 200957 309 GBGreat Britain gb 84762 186193 039 GBCzech Republic cz 79302 94361 221 GBEuropean Union eu 74296 263710 372 GBAustralia au 46208 206976 239 GBSpain es 42878 265267 244 GBCanada ca 40508 142214 199 GBSouth Africa za 32509 90817 171 GBMexico mx 32265 257283 216 GBArgentina ar 31605 124281 156 GBNetherlands nl 18858 46116 62544 MB

109 Unfortunately APC is not able to produce website statistics for the period covered by the report as statistics are gathered annually The software we use does not allow for a period that crosses years Website statistics for 2007 will be included in our next report 110 APC began to analyse our logs with AWStats in 2006 This software rejects hits produced by robots and other machine-generated visits and counts only human-generated (viewed) traffic


South Korea kr 13503 24628 51505 MBFrance fr 13233 45613 75142 MBVenezuela ve 13041 93216 86229 MBChile cl 12943 88200 87097 MBPeru pe 10208 57114 64697 MBChina cn 8363 21411 36358 MBIndia in 7984 52096 70126 MBUruguay uy 7703 25887 30991 MB

The APC site is very popular in Latin America probably because it is available in English and Spanish Africa-based visitors (with the exception of South Africa) are still very underrepresented amongst our readers

LAC Policy Monitor ndash LACderechosapcorgSummarized Website Statistics for 2006


Unique visitors Number of visits


Viewed traffic

lt = 106867Exact value not

available in lsquoYearrdquo view


304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)

The LAC monitor site received over 125000 visits with people accessing almost 305000 pages This counted for almost 20 of all APCorg website visits This is an


extraordinarily high number given the fact that the LAC site is in Spanish-only and focuses on the policy theme (the APCorg site is bilingual and covers multiple ICT themes) The most visited sections were WSIS and legislation (specifically e-commerce intellectual property and censorship)

The LAC Monitor site readers are overwhelmingly Latin American Of the top twenty visiting countries fifteen are Latin American and a very large number of the very large percentage of unregistered domain visitors no doubt also come from LAC

Four Central American nations are also included in the top twenty APCrsquos monitor work has focused very little in this region and there is clearly interest from readers there

Visitors from top LAC country Mexico access almost 1000 pages a month while visit-ors from the twentieth top LAC country Panama access more than 100 pages per month

LACderechosapcorg Top Visiting Countries in 2006Countries Pages Hits Bandwidth

United States us 137635 334033 453 GBUnknown ip 72482 239408 254 GBMexico mx 11718 42892 43550 MBArgentina ar 10299 32204 37966 MBPeru pe 8119 16329 20285 MBColombia co 7018 21534 24653 MBSpain sp 6641 23471 21822 MBVenezuela ve 5466 19958 19043 MBCanada ca 5410 7805 19933 MBChile cl 3657 13072 12656 MBBrazil br 3190 8580 7257 MBDominican Republic do 2688 8532 9149 MBSwitzerland ch 2596 3072 9411 MBEuropean Union eu 2590 5753 7228 MBGuatemala gt 2127 6515 7271 MBEcuador ec 1818 6183 6569 MBRomania ro 1626 1641 3456 MBUruguay uy 1557 4806 5075 MBEl Salvador sv 1416 4272 4806 MBCosta Rica cr 1400 3725 6141 MBOthers 15516 35169 45608 MB


The Africa ICT Policy Monitor site received over 47000 visitors accessing more than 450000 pages The number of visitors to the Africa site is less than half those to the LAC site however on average they stay for much longer on the site reading 65 pages per visit Visitors to the Africa monitor account for 10 of all visitors to the APC site but one in six of all pages read on the website Most accessed pages are thematic and include telecommunications media national ICT strategies and access

Africa ICT Policy Monitor ndash africarightsapcorgSummarized Website Statistics for 2006




Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

Site visitors are overwhelmingly from outside of Africa and from North America with just three African countries featuring in the top twenty visiting countries (South Africa Kenya and Ethiopia respectively)

africarightsapcorg Top Visiting Countries in 2006Countries Pages Hits Bandwidth

United States us 309148 563343 1570 GBUnknown ip 19817 80984 112 GBCanada ca 18342 32949 91908 MBEuropean Union eu 15396 73376 98310 MB


South Africa za 12797 47153 85710 MBGreat Britain gb 8444 42852 49380 MBGermany de 8094 16239 47103 MBFrance fr 5998 12369 28686 MBNetherlands nl 5565 13700 29600 MBAustralia au 5122 25591 32799 MBChina cn 4339 8982 23019 MBKenya ke 3273 21768 22057 MBSwitzerland ch 3202 6344 17077 MBUnited Arab Emirates ae 2908 6203 16991 MBNorway no 2723 5083 12792 MBJapan jp 2609 4994 13202 MBEthiopia et 2181 12734 16834 MBIndia in 1768 8799 11282 MBSpain es 1719 6169 8445 MBLithuania lt 1137 8038 7374 MBOthers 22296 113729 130 GB

An evaluation of the Africa monitor information dissemination strategy which included a webstat review identified this trend in the first half of 2006 and in the second half the project has moved to focus on more low-tech push methods of reaching African readers including email newsletters


Appendix 4 APC Publications Related to this Report Published since June 1 2006

APC Internet Rights Charter (updated version) Montevideo APChttprightsapcorgchartershtml (Available in English Spanish and French)

Mottin-Sylla M H (May 2006) The Gender Digital Divide in Francophone Africa A Harsh Reality Montevideo APC (translated from its 2005 publication in French)wwwgenderitorgresourcesafrica_gender_dividepdf

Issue PapersJensen M (October 2006) Open Access Lowering the costs of international bandwidth in Africa Johannesburg APC rightsapcorgdocumentsconvergence_ENpdf (English) rightsapcorgdocumentsconvergence_FRpdf (French)

Souter D (October 2006) Whose information society Developing country and civil so-ciety voices in the World Summit on the Information Society Johannesburg APC rightsapcorgdocumentswsis_ENpdf

Wild K (October 2006) The importance of convergence in the ICT policy environment Johannesburg APCrightsapcorgdocumentsopen_access_ENpdf (English)rightsapcorgdocumentsopen_access_FRpdf (French)

Banks K Currie W and Esterhuysen A (July 2006) The World Summit on the Inform-ation Society An overview of follow-up Montevideo APC rightsapcorgdocumentswsis_followup_0506_ENpdf (English)rightsapcorgdocumentswsis_followup_0506_ESpdf (Spanish)

Contributions to Other PublicationsEsterhuysen A and Greenstein R (June 2006) ldquoThe Right to Development in theInformation Societyrdquo in Joslashrgensen R (Ed) Human Rights in the Global InformationSociety Boston MIT Presshttpmitpressmiteducatalogitemdefaultaspttype=2amptid=10872ampmode=toc

Betancourt V (October 2006) ldquoCitizen participation in the era of digital developmentrdquo in eGov Magazinewwwegovonlinenetarticlesarticle-detailsasparticleid=816amptyp=Commentary

APC WNSP (July 2006) ldquoWomenrsquos Rights and ICTs The Know How Conferencerdquo in Gender amp Development Journal

Sabanes Plou D (November 2006) ldquoEl novio de mi hermana la controlaba con elCellularrdquo Buenos Aires Artemisa Noticiaswwwartemisanoticiascomarsitenotasaspid=46

NewslettersAPCNews and APCNoticias APCrsquos general monthly newsletter on the use of ICTs for so-cial justice and sustainable development produced in English and Spanishhttpwwwapcorgenglishnewsindexshtml

APC Africa ICT Policy Monitor Mobilising African civil society around the importance of ICT policy for the development of the continent


httpafricarightsapcorg (English)httpafriquedroitsapcorg (French)

Chakula ICT policy news from Africa from the APC Africa ICT policy monitorhttpafricarightsapcorgen-chakulashtml

APC Asia ICT Policy Monitor Building civil society awareness capacity and participa-tion on ICT policy issues in Asiahttpasiarightsapcorg

APC LAC ICT Policy Monitor Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin on ICT policy news in the regionhttplacderechosapcorg (Spanish)

GenderITorg Thematic editions on gender and ICT policy distributed by email and RSS bimonthly Gender peripheries GenderITorgrsquos events coveragehttpwwwgenderitorgenindexshtml


Appendix 5 Events Participated in during the Reporting Period

Participation in events is not an achievement in itself The overarching achievement of our event participation during the reporting period was the ability to represent APCrsquos perspectives and positions on ICT policy and internet rights issues as developed and implemented through our three programme areas [CIPP APC WNSP and Strategic Use and Capacity Building (SUampCB)] in appropriate formats in a diverse range of spaces to a diversity of audiences contributing to building greater understanding of ICT policy issues in a coherent and integrated manner

Events APC participated in between June 1 2006 and May 31 2007 indicates APC event or APC co-hosted eventJune 20061-15 Gender Research in Africa into ICTs for Empowerment (GRACE) writing workshop

Durban South Africa5-9 5th Digital Inclusion Workshop Porto Alegre Brazil6-8 Asian Conference on the Digital Commons Bangkok Thailand7-10 Transmission meeting on International Video Distribution Projects for Social

Change Rome Italy12-13 Telecentreorg meeting on open curriculum and peer production Toronto Canada14-15 Global e-Schools and Communities Initiative (GeSCI) meeting Dublin Ireland15-16 BCO impact assessment meeting London United Kingdom19-20 Inaugural meeting of the GAID Kuala Lumpur Malaysia23 CIVICUS World Assembly Glasgow Scotland23-25 iCommons Summit Rio de Janeiro Brazil24 Centre for International GovernanceDiplo Foundation follow-up meeting on WSIS

Wilton Park United Kingdom26-30 ICANN meeting Marrakech Morocco28-2 Jul APC national portals content workshop London United Kingdom29 Global e-Schools and Communities Initiative (GeSCI) meeting London UK

APC membersrsquo workshop on content skills capacity building London UKJuly 20063-6 CATIA animators meeting and output to purpose review Johannesburg South

Africa3-7 Gender Agriculture and Rural Development in the Information Society (GenARDIS)

knowledge sharing workshop with grant beneficiaries and honourable mentions Entebbe Uganda

3-28 ECOSOC Substantive Session 2006 Geneva Switzerland11 17 APC North African wireless workshop trainers meetings Ifrane Morocco12-16 APC North African wireless workshop Ifrane Morocco13-15 CIPACO workshop on internet governance Dakar Senegal18-22 IICD workshop

Harvesting ICT4D Training Materials and Development Expertise Lusaka Zambia24-25 SAT-3 Regulators Workshop Johannesburg South Africa24-28 WALC 2006 Quito Ecuador27-29 Community Technology Centersrsquo Network (CTCNet) 15th Annual National

Community Technology Conference Washington USA31-2 Aug AMARCAPC meeting Broadcasting for Social Inclusion Montevideo UruguayAugust 20063-4 Big Brother Awards Prague Czech Republic3-4 CATIA component lead meeting Johannesburg South Africa17-19 LaNeta GEM workshop Mexico City Mexico


20-25 Women in the Information Society A Global Context and Tools for EnsuringFull Participation of Women in Latin America and International Federationfor Information Processing (IFIP) World Computer Congress 2006 Santiago Chile

21-26 International Know How Conference 2006 Weaving the information society a gender and multicultural perspective Mexico City Mexico

25-27 Alternatives Weekend Retreat 2006 Montreal Canada31-1 Sep BCO meeting The Hague Netherlands31-1 Sep Oxford Internet Institute (OII)Berman Institute IGF meeting Oxford UKSeptember 20063-5 APC management team meeting Prague Czech Republic4-5 IICD workshop for strengthening the Infodesarrolloec network Puembo Ecuador5-7 GKP Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Meeting Quito Ecuador6-7 APC executive board meeting Prague Czech Republic11-15 Highway Africa Grahamstown South Africa13-15 Womenrsquos Initiatives for Gender Justice board meeting The Hague Netherlands25-26 Andean Forum on the Information Society Quito Ecuador29-4 Oct Informatics for Rural Empowerment and Community Health project team meeting

and project site visits CambodiaOctober 20066 CATIA follow-up meeting Kampala Uganda12-16 Feminist International Radio Endeavour (FIRE) seminar Costa Rica15-16 InfoAndina Strategic Evaluation and Planning Workshop Lima Peru16-19 WSIS Action Line follow-up Paris France22-23 Society for International Development (SID) International Conference One Year

after the United Nations Millennium Summit ndash Global Security and Sustainable Human Development Delivering on Our Promises Netherlands

22-25 AirJaldi Summit 2006 Empowering Communities through Wireless NetworksDharamsala India

25-27 World Congress on Communication for Development Rome Italy28-29 ItrainOnline partners meeting Rome Italy30-2 Nov IGF Athens GreeceNovember 20066-7 APC UNDP dialogue and exchange on promising options and critical issues for

national policy and advocacy on open access at local and national levels East and Southern Africa workshop Johannesburg South Africa

8-9 APC Africa members meeting Johannesburg South Africa8-10 Forum on ICT4D Research in Contribution to the MDGs Lima Peru9-11 Money and Movements International Meeting Oaxaca Mexico11-17 AMARC 9th World Conference Amman Jordan12-14 Women and ICT Task Force meeting Re-Engineering Development Engendering

ICTs Paris France17-18 Regulatel international conference Connecting the Future Strategies to reduce

telecommunication access gaps Lima Peru17-19 LaborTech Conference 2006 The Digital Revolution and a Labor Media Strategy

San Francisco USA29-3 Dec APC LAC members meeting and ICT policy workshop Montevideo Uruguay30-2 Dec OSIWA ldquoAchieving affordable bandwidth a workshop on the development and

opening up of ICT infrastructure in West Africardquo Dakar SenegalDecember 20064-5 BCO APCIICD impact assessment meeting Johannesburg South Africa9-10 APC Wireless Capacity Building Stakeholder Meeting for Phase 2 London UK12-16 APC Womenrsquos Networking Support Programme (APC WNSP) 2006 evaluation

and 2007 planning meeting Rome Italy


January 200710-18 Harambee Workshop Kampala Uganda12-14 The National Conference for Media Reform Memphis USA15-16 GKP East Asia meeting Manila Philippines15-21 Fourth African Evaluation Association (AfrEA) Conference Niamey Niger18-20 IT4Change ldquoDevelopment in the Information Societyrdquo workshop Delhi India20-25 World Social Forum Nairobi Kenya22-23 ONI (AP) Manila Philippines22-30 Asia Source II Sukabumi Indonesia23 GKP East Asia member meeting Manila Philippines23-24 GKP Africa Resource Mobilisation training Addis Ababa Ethiopia24-27 GEM Training for PAN Localization project meeting Thimptu BhutanFebruary 20073-10 APC staff meeting Cape Town South Africa12-14 APC-IICD policy workshop Cape Town South Africa13-14 IGF MAG Open Consultation Geneva Switzerland18-20 BCO partner meeting Johannesburg South Africa27-28 GAID strategy meeting Santa Clara USAMarch 20074 International Studies Association Annual Conference Chicago USA7-8 LIRNE Expert Meeting Montevideo Uruguay7-9 ICT for Advocacy Training for Southeast Asian NGO Managers Bangkok Thailand7-10 CREA for VAW and ICTs campaign Delhi India12-14 Asia CommRights II Meeting Access to Information and Knowledge Bangkok

Thailand12-16 Tricalar (LAC Wireless) project coordination meeting Huaral Valley Peru15-17 Training workshop for community networks Comodoro Rivadavia Chubut

Argentina20-23 GEM workshop for the IREACH Cambodia project Phnom Penh Cambodia22 Panel presentation at the Medical Circle of Vicente Loacutepez (Argentina) ldquoTrafficking

and ICTsrdquo Vicente Loacutepez Argentina22-24 African Civil Society Forum Democratizing Governance at Regional and Global

Levels to Achieve the MDGs Addis Ababa Ethiopia26 RIALINK Centre APC and UNDP workshops at the 10th AGM of CRASA

Windhoek Namibia26-30 ICANN meeting Lisbon Portugal26-30 CRASA AGM Windhoek Namibia30-1 Apr ISIS WICCE Board meeting Kampala UgandaApril 20079-13 Ourmedia Conference VI Sydney Australia15-17 APC Asia Member meeting Sydney Australia19-20 Second national encounter of women mayors Buenos Aires Argentina23-4 May AFNOGAfriNIC ISOC Africa meetings Abuja Nigeria27-29 Yale Access to Knowledge II New Haven USAMay 20071-4 CFP 2007 Montreal Canada7-9 APC North American Member meeting Montreal Canada14-25 WSIS Action Line Follow-up Meetings and World IS Day Geneva Switzerland

14-15 Second Facilitation meeting on Action Line 5 Building Confidence and Security in the use of ICTs

16 Joint Facilitation Meeting on Action Lines C2 (Information and Communication Infrastructure) C4 (Capacity building) and C6 (Enabling environment)


16 Press Briefing on the World Information Society Report 200718 Informal consultation between ITU and civil society on the participation of

all relevant stakeholders21-25 Annual meeting of the CSTD

22 Joint meeting of CSTD and GAID

22 APC GISW Launch23 Second Facilitation Meeting on Action Line C1 The role of public

governance authorities and all stakeholders in the promotion of ICTs for development

23 Second Facilitation Meeting on Action Line C3 Access to Information and Knowledge

23 IGF consultation meeting

24 Second Facilitation Meeting on Action Line C7 E-government

24 Second Joint Facilitation Meeting on Action Lines C7 E-business and e-employment

24 Second Facilitation Meeting on Action Line C8 Cultural Diversity and identity linguistic diversity and local content

24 Second Facilitation Meeting on Action Line C8 Media

25 Second Facilitation Meeting on Action Line C10 Ethical dimensions of the Information Society

25 Second Action Lines Facilitators Meeting All Action Lines18-20 International Summit for Community Wireless Networks Columbia USA21-25 X LACNIC and ISOC LAC meeting Margarita Venezuela27-29 APC Europe Member meeting Barcelona Spain28-30 Second international conference on ICT4D education and training Building

infrastructures and capacities to reach out to the whole of Africa Nairobi Kenya30 APC BCO Impact Assessment meeting Barcelona Spain31-2 Jun APC EB meeting Barcelona Spain



Executive Summary

1 Introduction

2 How APC Implements ICT Policy Advocacy


211 Programme Overview

212 Priorities for 2006-2007

213 The CIPP Team




223 The APC WNSP Team


3 Global Advocacy on Open Universal and Affordable Access to the Internet



321 The First Internet Governance Forum (IGF)

322 The Second Internet Governance Forum

323 United Nations Commission for Science and Technology for Development (CSTD)


331 United Nations Global Alliance for ICT4D (GAID)

4 Linking Global Advocacy to Regional and National Advocacy Processes on Open Access to the Internet

41 Africa

411 The South Atlantic 3West Africa Submarine Cable (SAT-3WASC)

413 The Fibre for Africa Campaign

414 APC Research on Access to Infrastructure in Africa

415 Africa ICT Policy Monitor and Chakula

416 Catalysing Access to ICTs in Africa (CATIA)

42 Asia

421 National advocacy

422 Research on Censorship and Surveillance of Mobile Telephony


431 LAC ICT Policy Monitor

432 The Latin American Regional Plan for the Information Society (eLAC)

5 Nurturing and Growing the Existing Network of APC Members and Partners Engaged with ICT Policies

6 Global Information Society Watch

Appendix 1 New Members since June 1 2006

Appendix 2 APC Websites




Table of Contents

Acronyms and abbreviations3Executive Summary51 Introduction72 How APC Implements ICT Policy Advocacy7

21 Communications and Information Policy Programme (CIPP)8211 Programme Overview8212 Priorities for 2006-20078213 The CIPP Team10

22 The Womenrsquos Networking Support Programme (APC WNSP)10221 Programme Overview10222 Priorities for 2006-200711223 The APC WNSP Team11

23 International Coalitions and Partnerships123 Global Advocacy on Open Universal and Affordable Access to the Internet13

31 WSIS Implementation1532 WSIS Follow-Up Events15

321 The First Internet Governance Forum (IGF)15322 The Second Internet Governance Forum16323 United Nations Commission for Science and Technology for Development (CSTD)17

33 Other Global Policy Spaces17331 United Nations Global Alliance for ICT4D (GAID)17

4 Linking Global Advocacy to Regional and National Advocacy Processes on Open Access to the Internet18

41 Africa18411 The South Atlantic 3West Africa Submarine Cable (SAT-3WASC)19413 The Fibre for Africa Campaign21414 APC Research on Access to Infrastructure in Africa21415 Africa ICT Policy Monitor and Chakula21416 Catalysing Access to ICTs in Africa (CATIA)21

42 Asia23421 National advocacy23422 Research on Censorship and Surveillance of Mobile Telephony23

43 Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)24431 LAC ICT Policy Monitor24432 The Latin American Regional Plan for the Information Society (eLAC)25

5 Nurturing and Growing the Existing Network of APC Members and Partners Engaged with ICT Policies26

6 Global Information Society Watch28Appendix 1 New Members since June 1 200631Appendix 2 APC Websites34Appendix 3 APCorg Website Statistics for 200635Appendix 4 APC Publications Related to this Report Published since June 1 200639Appendix 4 APC Publications Related to this Report Published since June 1 200640Appendix 5 Events Participated in during the Reporting Period42












































CAPACITY BUILDING




CAPACITY BUILDING













Asia12


























































Internet Rights



























































41 Africa






























drive advocacy










42 Asia



















































collaboration


























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia























































CAPACITY BUILDING




CAPACITY BUILDING













Asia12


























































Internet Rights



























































41 Africa






























drive advocacy










42 Asia



















































collaboration


























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia























Asia12


























































Internet Rights



























































41 Africa






























drive advocacy










42 Asia



















































collaboration


























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia





























































Internet Rights



























































41 Africa






























drive advocacy










42 Asia



















































collaboration


























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia
































































41 Africa






























drive advocacy










42 Asia



















































collaboration


























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia




































drive advocacy










42 Asia



















































collaboration


























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia



















42 Asia



















































collaboration


























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia


























































collaboration


























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia






























































EnglishSpanish










Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia

















Unique visitors

Number of visits


Viewed traffic110



3113197(378 pages

per visit)

9478078(115 hits per

visit)

13577 GB(1728 KB per

visit)

Not viewed traffic

15479212 15686168 69724 GB














Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia



















Viewed traffic




304969(239 pages

per visit)

838954(659 hits per

visit)

1012 GB(8347 KB per

visit)















Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia

























Viewed traffic




456878(652 pages

per visit)

1111399(1586 hits per

visit)

2410 GB(36084 KB

per visit)

















































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia

























































































Executive Summary

1 Introduction





213 The CIPP Team















41 Africa






42 Asia













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