Enppi

Chairman and CEOEng. Abdel Nasser Salah

Assistant Chairman and Supervisor of Supporting Services

DivisionEng. Hussein Abd El Meguid

Assistant General ManagerMedia & Translation Dept.

Jihan El-Said

Media & Translation Department Manager

Noha Farouk

Translation Section Head Rehab Kaddah

Translation SectionRehab El-Sawy

Mona HarbLamis Hossam

Media Section HeadEnas El Shazly

Media Section TeamMona RihanReda Wahib

Amany Abo El-Azm

Enppi1 (A) Ahmed El Zomor St.

8th District - Nasr CityCairo

Main Tel. Board(50 lines)

22762100 - 22762150Fax cairo

22744382 - 22744981gmail@enppi.comwww.enppi.com

ISSN 1687 - 1111Printed in Enppi

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Major Events: Deputy of Industry & Energy Minister of Equatorial Guinea Esteems the Egyptian Petroleum Projects

Major Events: A Certificate of Appreciation from the Ministry of Defense to Enppi

Culture: Egypt Renaissance Statue

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Projects and Achievements: Umbrella Consultancy Contract (UCC) for Qatar Petroleum

Projects and Achievements:Missan Oil Export Pipeline Project in Iraq

Latest News: Utilization & Application of 3D Scanner in Enppi Projects

Essays: Enppi Applies Energy Management System Program

Conferences & Exhibitions:OMC Conference & Exhibition in Italy

Personnel Profile: Eng. Tarek Hamed & Eng. Mohamed Lotfy

New Departments in Enppi: Two New Departments in Enppi

Health, Safety & Environment: PAGMI Project Safety Forum

Certificates:Eng. Mohamed El-Sonbaty Obtains a Certificate of Appreciation from ARAMCO

Human Resources: Polymers Technology Program

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24People & History: Khan El Khalili

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The Guinean Industry, Energy & Mineral Resources’ Deputy Minister, Eng. Meguel Angel Awndo, expressed his esteems & regards of the Egyptian Petroleum Projects, work execution, commitment to safety & occupational health measures and the Egyptian expansion and diversification of Oil & Gas industry’s activities, which rarely exist in other African oil producing countries. Eng. Meguel mentioned that Equatorial Guinea encourages activities which enable local materials increase in the petroleum projects; and this method is applied in Egypt. During his tour, Eng. Meguel praised the Egyptian experience, wide knowledge and commitment to develop industry, in addition to the qualified and trained cadres.

The Deputy of the Guinean Minister visited Egypt on top of a delegation included, Deputy of Hydrocarbon Minister, Mr. Fisent Ebisu, and Guinea’s representative to the African Petroleum Producers’ Association (APPA), Mr. Gasto Camilo. The delegation visited numerous petroleum projects of some Egyptian petroleum companies, i.e. Enppi, Petrojet’s Sites in Cairo, Alexandria & Port Said, Middle East Oil Refinery (MIDOR) Laboratories, United Gas Derivatives Company (UGDC), Petrobel Gas Production Fields in Port Said, the International Pipe Industry Company (IPIC), CarGas & Oil and Gas Skills (OGS) Co.

Eng. Meguel referred to the Guinean-Egyptian opportunity to invest in oil, gas and value-added industries such as petrochemicals, which are considered of special importance to the Egyptian Petroleum Sector. During the visit, Eng. Meguel noticed the Egyptian Petroleum Sector’s interest to establish economic projects to manufacture raw

materials and to turn them into products, without being limited to the conventional methods of raw materials’ extraction. The Guinean Deputy Minister pointed out to the mutual historic and political ties, which pave the way in front of Guinean-Egyptian cooperation in a number of petroleum projects. Eng. Meguel highlighted the fact that the Egyptian technical know-how in the field of Oil industry is distinctive compared to other African petroleum producers’ countries. He added that, it is a good opportunity to transfer the Egyptian experience to enhance Guinean cadres’ abilities and serve the work demand in Guinea.

Eng. Meguel stated that the investment opportunities in the Guinean Petroleum Sector are open in front of the Egyptian companies according to the applied laws and procedures in Guinea. He explained that the delegation’s visit gave them a chance to grasp the Egyptian petroleum activities, which he would discuss with the Guinean Authorities in regards with the Guinean needs in the Oil field, to widen the horizon for more mutual cooperation; stressed his country’s welcome of Egyptian investors, and declared that the Egyptian side would be invited soon in Guinea for an official visit.

Furthermore, the Guinean Deputy Minister indicated that his country presides now the APPA and works hard for the establishment of the African Petroleum Institute after being approved to be based in Cairo. This institute is of crucial importance in preparing the African cadres and exchanging technical experience, which would have its impact on developing the African Petroleum Industry. He stressed the Guinean vision on the importance of activating the (APPA) to achieve its targets.

The Ministry of Defense has awarded Enppi a Certificate of Appreciation, for its effective cooperation with the Armed Forces, in executing the road of Gen. Saad El-Din El-Shazley, and Phase I of Cairo / El-Suez desert road according to the Standard specifications and in unprecedented short time.

Enppi scope of work included:

• Overall coordination between the Armed Forces and the Oil Sector Companies, possessing utilities within the scope of the projects.• The development activities in addition to follow-up & Technical support.

It is worth mentioning that the above scope of work was handled by Civil and Construction Supervision Divisions of Enppi.

The Pharaonic Petroleum Company (PhPc) awarded Enppi work team, at West Harbor Expansion - Port Said Project site, a Certificate of HSE Appreciation, for achieving a high quality performance standards complying with HSE requirements at the project site.

Enppi work team achieved two million safe man-hours without lost time injury (LTI).

Qatar Petroleum has awarded Enppi Three-year Umbrella Consultancy Contract (UCC), to prepare technical feasibility studies depending on QP requirements in the operational exigencies.

The feasibility studies include project manage-ment & engineering evaluation of recommended op-tions, as well as estimating activities to ensure that cost and time schedule of the offered service are

competitive. Enppi scope of work includes; executing vari-

ous engineering consultancy services, by conduct-ing feasibility studies that covers QP Oil & Gas processing facilities, utilities and associated civil

works for both onshore and offshore QP operations.The work will be performed at Enppi headquarters,

in coordination with Enppi office in Qatar. Enppi will provide all the technical services required, in full conformity with QP contractual requirements. The contract is expected to be completed by the end of 2015 and extendable.

In accordance with the government’s attempt to achieve the best usage of the economic resources to assure its delivery to citizens in legal ways, the Ministry of Petroleum suggested a national project to monitor the petroleum Products; the project will be executed on four stages:-First Stage: To prepare the central control room and extend the main storages and petroleum transportation vehicles, the supplement, and services stations through monitoring the distribution rates of each station on daily basis. The first phase of the project has already been initiated. Second Stage: Follow-up the facilities and production quantities in all sites to produce the crude oil. Third Stage: Follow-up the refinery laboratories and their supplements of crude oil and resulted refined projects. Fourth Stage: Follow-up the pipelines network whether of crude oil or of petroleum products. It is worth mentioning that the aim of the project is to eliminate the looting operations of the petroleum products, which lead to their shortage, and the consequent existence of an economic and traffic crisis.

The Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation awarded

Enppi the preparation of drawings, engineering designs of the central control room, which will be situated at EGPC premises, through which the petroleum products will be monitored all over the country and in addition to the engineering works for the main central control room for the “Emergency Cases” which will be located at Alexandria.

Moreover, Enppi was also awarded the documentary bidding and submitting a tender for executing the stage of petroleum products’ censoring through the transportation of the Fleet Management and issuing the technical and financial report for the submitted offers. In addition to conduct the “Gauging System Storage Tanks and Fuel Station Tank & “SCADA System” through the storage station at production areas and at fuel stations and issuing the offers financial reports.

Recently the project’s work is about to be accomplished on the best satisfactory output in order to match the ideal requirements of the Petroleum Sector’s and to accord with Enppi ‘s Standards as a leading company in the field of projects engineering field.

Khalda Petroleum Company contracted Enppi to perform the professional services required for the oil and gas facilities, in-order to produce gas/oil/water from Fagour wells.

The new facility includes water bath heaters, oil & gas separators, fuel gas conditioning skid, gas compressors. Produced oil will be pumped to Kalabsha through 6”x8” Fagour/Kalabsha pipeline for further processing at Kalabsha and the gas will be recovered and boosted to Khepri gas plant through 8” Fagour/ Kalabsha/Khepri gas pipeline, in addition to other required utilities.

Bapetco Co. awarded Enppi (as EPC Contractor) the professional services, construction, pre-commissioning and commissioning support for Assil & Karam Plant Project in Allam El-Shawish Concession in WD. The project is located 150 km south Mediterranean and 250 km West of the Nile River.

Enppi Scope of work (As in Fig. 1.1) includes:• Pipelines and well hook-ups • CO2 Removal Plant • BED 3 tie-ins and modificationsIt is worth mentioning that, the block includes the fol-

lowing (7) discovered Fields: Karam, Assil, Barq, Magd, Najm, Bahga& S.E. Assil and Karam are the major Non-Associated Gas (NAG) fields in the block, with some potential production from the Magd and Najm fields. Oil deposits production from the block commenced through a joint venture between three companies; VGAS Oil, Gas de France Suez S.E. and Petro Alam. There are cur-rently ten oil proudcing wells in the order of 2000-3000 bopd; in spite of the recent declining in these wells pro-duction.

“Assil field”, is recently producing through an exist-

ing temporary pipeline to BED-3 as part of the “First Gas’ and Early stages of the project. The Assil full field development is also the subject of this FEED project including replacement of the temporary Assil pipeline. Although the Assil gas is rich in CO2, it is low enough to process without the requirement of an amine plant.

“Karam Field” development process requires the construction of a CO2 Removal Plant (CRP), to meet the exported CO2 specification, for transmitted treated gas from the existing BED-3 facility through the Export Gas Pipeline to Amerya Gas Plant. The CRP shall tie into BED-3 production manifolds and some BED-3 utilities shall be extended & modified to support the CRP.

It is noteworthy that, the technology utilized to re-move CO2 depends mainly on “Benfield Technology”, or using the Amine Sweetening Unit technology, which is the technology applied in project, as the Front End De-signs were done in the Upstream Major Projects of Shell International Co. Moreover, the Front End Engineer-ing designs for the pipelines were accomplished by the Projects, and Engineering Services Section of SHELL Branch in Netherlands.

Figure 1.1 CO2 Removal Plant Simplified Progress Diagram

Petrochina International Co. awarded Enppi the services of Project Management Consultancy (PMC) for the new 42” Oil Export Pipeline project in Missan governorate in Iraq.

PMC services shall cover the basic & detailed engineering designs, construction, commissioning and procurement services.

Missan Oil Export Pipeline (MOEP) starts from the designated Halfaya junction point, which is the meeting point of Halfaya and Buzurgan oil field branch pipelines, in Missan governorate south east of Iraq, and runs south till its terminal at FAO Harbor in Basra governorate, with a total length of 272 km; as shown in the pipeline route map.

A pipeline is designed to export 1,000,000 BOPD, and is divided into two Sectors: Sector (A) extends for 121 km, between Halfaya junction point and Bin-Umr; while Sector (B) extends for 151 km, between Bin-Umr and FAO Export terminal.

It is worth mentioning that the pipeline shall be fitted with launcher trap room at junction point at Halafya, launcher and receiver traps room at Bin-Umr and receiver trap room at FAO in addition to SCADA System and 14 block valves' rooms along the entire route. The project is scheduled to be accomplished in Sixteen Months.

Abu Qir Petroleum Co. awarded Enppi the execution of the electrical, instrumentation & Control systems, firefighting and telecommunication systems for Abu Qir North Platform I “Installation of DCS on North Abu Qir Platform I (NAQPI) and Demolishing the Old One».

The project aims to replace the current control systems and ESD (Emergency Shutdown) System, with new innovative ones, characterized by modern technology for safe control and measurements.

Moreover, a new condensate flash drum skid connected to the new control system and the electric station. Enppi E&I Installations Division performed the construction works, in addition to participating in the commissioning and start-up activities for the new control system of Abu Qir Petroleum offshore platform, supplied by FORES Italian Engineering Co. It is considerable that Enppi E&I Installations Division fulfilled all the required works successfully in a contractual competitive period.

Khalda Petroleum Co. contracted Enppi to perform the professional services required to increase the production within West Kalabsha area, by introducing high GOR well. Gas compression facilities shall transfer the produced gas from West Kalabsha and Kalabsha field to Khepri plant.

Kalabsha gas compression production facilities include fuel gas conditioning skid, Gas Compressors, as well as the required utilities.

Petrobel Co. awarded Enppi the detailed engineering, procurement services and construction works for DCS/ESD PETRCO Upgrade project, based on Enppi's efficient accomplishment of the basic engineering designs in project's Phase I.

Enppi scope of work in the second phase comprises the replacement of the existing control and monitoring equipment of the station, in addition to ESD System in case of emergencies.

The new innovative system is a data processing system, which is based on integrated microprocessor, to upgrade the control system operations at PETRCO, via an advanced display and control system. The project will be implemented within a duration of 18 months.

Enppi has successfully accomplished the development of Gas Compression Station project for FAJR Egyptian- Jordanian Co. The project comprised the installation of two gas compressors with their accessories, in addition to all needed amendments for facilities and current commodities at the station, including electrical systems, control, construction, piping, buildings and safety systems.

Enppi scope of work included the performance of the detailed engineering designs, procurement services, construction Supervision and providing technical support in the pre-commissioning works. The final tests for start- up are taking place in addition to the termination of all site actvities.

PhPC Co. awarded Enppi & Petrojet a letter of thanks and appreciation on the distinguished performance in applying the Health, Safety and Environment Standards apparently shown during the BP Regional President and PhPc MDs & Management site visit of West Harbor Expansion (WHX) Project in Port Said on June 11th, 2013. PhPc team was very pleased to see the excellent HSE performance being carried out on the project procedures. PhPc thanked all the Project's team members and confirmed that these standards were not to be achieved without the commitment of every member of the Project's team, and the positive interface between life plant and construction activities.

PhPc encouraged Enppi & Petrojet to sustain this level of performance in the future in order to deliver the project safely, with the same high quality, HSE Standards and Commitment.

In line with Enppi policy to cope with the latest technologies & perform its needed tasks efficiently with global competitive standards, Enppi is now applying the 3D Laser Scanner Technology as shown in Fig.1, which is considered the latest Technology of 3-Dimensional devices used for scanning the As-Built existing plants. The 3D Laser Scanner is designed to produce incredibly detailed three- dimensional images of complex environments and geometries in few minutes.

The resulting images are the assembly of millions of 3D measurement points, which provide an exact digital reproduction of existing conditions as in Fig. 2. This

technology is being utilized in the field of petrochemical projects, through turning the existing projects into 3D model images, which can be integrated in PDS & PDMS to facilitate the As-Built images production, as well as the piping Tie-in and modifications, as in Figures 3 & 4.

It is worth mentioning that the 3D Laser Scanner system has been applied at numerous projects, such as:

PhPC• , WEST AKHEN Platform, AKASIS Project.TAO As• - built platform project for the North Sinai Co.

3D Laser Scanning for new Amine unit project• , Bapetco / Shell. 3D Laser Scanning for new NEAG project• , Bapetco.

Rehabilitation onshore platforms project• ,Gupco.

Amerya Project • (Al-Fenol).Gas Metering System project• (AQP).

Enppi has given specialized training programs for Engineers from Piping and Construction Divisions on utilizing and applying this system efficiently. The advantages of this system are numerous, such as:

To achieve accuracy in 3D models with illustrating the •precise details to serve in minimizing errors as shown in Fig. 5.

The ability to obtain an electronic copy of the projects •drawings, to be used in the future for any expansion activities.

Minimize execution schedule for the Rehabilitation •Projects.

Quick and accurate information collection• ; consequently saving effort, time and cost.Gathering information about scanned items• / equipment, without direct interaction; consequently safety is ensured for the employees.

A Picture From Site

A Picture Simulating

Dimensional 3D Model A Picture after Transformation

and Addition in a 3D Model

A Picture Generated from 3D Laser Scanner

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5

Gas Measuring Unit Project for Abu Qir Petroleum Co.

Energy Consumption in EgyptEnergy is the base of cultural development, the higher the

rates of development, the higher the rates of energy demand. Egypt energy consumption increases yearly by 5% and this increase leads to a doubling of the energy consumption every 20 years. Egypt is progressively moving towards a serious energy crisis due to energy increasing demand and the escalating shortage of energy resources, which led to a gradual increase of energy prices.

Fig. 1 shows Egypt energy consumption during the period from 2008- 2012; it is expected to double in 2033.

Fig. 2 shows relative consumption of electricity in Egypt; for example in Commercial Electrical Loads 7.7%, Public Lighting 6.3%, Utilities 4.1%, residential Loads 37.8%, Industry 34.8%, agriculture 4.0% and Governmental Facilities 5.3%.

The predictable changes in electricity tariff per unit in Egypt will affect all users of commercial and industrial services; consequently they will have to reduce their energy consumption and fetch for other alternative energy sources, such as renewable and new energies. The Elect. Loads Dept. has decided to rationalize energy consumption that should be applied in all administrative buildings in the coming period.

Energy Consumption inAdministration Buildings

As a result of population growth, the escalating energy demand has increased for the construction of new administrative buildings for the long time spent by employees

inside buildings which made efficient energy consumption in buildings as a main target on the local, regional and international levels.

Fig. 3 shows that lighting, HVAC system and office equipment are the main electric energy consumers in the administration buildings, thus the main objective of this figure is how to manage the use of electricity between all these loads and to search for alternative energy sources to feed these loads (such as renewable energy) provided that these solutions comply with the environmental regulations.

Operational and technical steps to reduce energy consumption in

administrative buildingsLighting:Lighting in administrative buildings accounts for 22 % of

overall electricity and it takes a larger share of a building’s electricity use than any other loads; lighting is typically the largest source of waste heat or heat gain inside administrative buildings. Improving lighting efficiency provides good returns and helps to enhance employee productivity and comfort.

In order to reduce the electric energy loss in lighting loads, the following recommendations shall be applied:• Raising staff energy awareness and encouraging them to switch off unneeded lights.• Encourage employees to utilize day lighting by opening windows and close room curtains when necessary to avoid direct sunlight.

• Replace desk lamps and other lighting task around the office with Energy Star Qualified Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs), as Energy STAR products are independently certified to save energy without losing features or functionality. Saving energy helps to prevent climate changes. Energy Star products help in saving money in energy bills and help protect the environment.• Using daylight sensors and dimmers to adjust the amount of natural daylight in a certain space.• Installing photovoltaic cells on the building roof, glassy fronts, and parking areas.

Office Equipment:Office equipment represent 26% of administrative

buildings total electrical loads, and it often waste money when it remain ON at full power for a long time.

In order to reduce the energy loss in office equipment loads, the following recommendations should be applied:• When office equipment reaches the expiry date, new ENERGY STAR qualified products with less conventional prices should be purchased. Qualified office equipment include computers, faxes, printers, copiers, scanners, laptops, monitors, external power adapters and multifunction devices.• Turn off or unplug office equipment such as computers, printers and copiers when not needed. This equipment uses energy and generates heat (increasing the amount of A/C Power needed).• Leave at least a couple inches of open space behind

refrigerator and water cooler to ensure good airflow. Clean the condenser coils on the back of refrigerator and water cooler at least twice a year.• Consider placing water cooler and coffee pot on timers so that they only operate while employees are in office.

Heating and Cooling:Heating, cooling and ventilation comprise are about

28% of a typical commercial building’s electricity; in order to reduce the energy loss in HVAC system, the following recommendations shall be followed:• Encourage employees to close windows during hot weather to reduce solar heat gain while to leave them open in the winter to benefit from the sun’s warmth. • Prohibit space heaters and portable fans, which often act versus HVAC system’s efforts to maintain comfortable space temperature.• Clean the areas near vents of furniture, file cabinets, and stacks of paper. Blocked vents cause the ventilation systems to work harder and waste energy.• A yearly maintenance contract can save more than its costs,

and the contract automatically ensures that the HVAC contractor will provide system maintaince before each cooling and heating season.

Other EquipmentElevators and other equipment consume

about (8%) of a typical administrative building’s electricity usage; and to reduce electric energy optimum elevator operation according to certain philosophy like switching OFF some elevators during peak times (morning, break and at the end of a working day) to cut down the energy consumption.

Finally, the aforementioned are the recommended minimum requirements in order to rationalize electric energy consumption in administrative buildings.

Fig (1): Egypt Electric Energy Consumption during the period from 20082012-

Fig. (2): The proportional consumption of electric energy in Egypt

Fig (3): The proportional consumption of electric energyin the administrative buildings

Enppi contributed in the conference held on the sideline of the “Offshore Mediterranean Conference - OMC”, 2013, at Ravenna City in Italy, during the period from 20th – 22nd March, 2013.

The Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation “EGPC” had established a distinguished booth to befitting the Egyptian Petroleum Sector reputation and it included the up-to-date display systems to keep pace with the various advanced booths of the other international companies. The booth comprised several Egyptian leading petroleum companies i.e., Petrojet, EGAS, San Misr, GANOPE Holding Co., PMS and EDC.

Moreover, various International companies participated in the conference, i.e., Technip, Tecnomare, Halliburton, TOTAL, NOC, Saipem, Sontrach and ENI. The Egyptian booth witnessed a positive contribution from Enppi side,

represented by Eng. Mohamed Hazem - Assistant Chairman for Offshore & Civil Engineering Divisions and Eng. Labib Maged – Assistant General Manager at Offshore Engineering Division.

It is remarkable that, EGPC awarded Enppi the interior designs and decoration works of the Egyptian Petroleum Sector’s booth. Eng. Azza Wahid- Assistant General Manager of Interior Design & Exhibition Services Department was responsible for supervising the booth during the conference.

Under the patronage of the Libyan Ministry of Oil & Gas, and in the framework of Enppi continuous effort to take an active part in the Libyan Market, Enppi participated in the Libyan Oil & Gas Exhibition, held in Tripoli in April, 2013. Various International companies from all over the world representing France, Italy, Germany, China, and Oman participated in the exhibition.

It is worth mentioning that, the Egyptian Ministry of

Oil & Mineral Resources had an effective participation in the exhibition reflected in the attendance of the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC), Enppi, Petrojet and the Egyptian Maintenance Co. (EMC).

Dr. Abd Al-Bari Al-Arousi, the Libyan Minister for Oil & Gas, inaugurated the Exhibition and visited Enppi booth, where Eng. Samy Abed, Enppi Branch Manager in Libya, welcomed the visitors.

Enppi participated in the 19th Mechanical Engineering conference, titled “Knowledge and Innovation, Our Way to Sustainable Development”, held in Alexandria - Helnan Palestine Hotel, during the period from Mar. 27-30, 2013.

The Conference was organized by the Mechanical Engineering Association. The conference discussions focused on:Knowledge and economic reform in Egypt.• The basic demands for localization of knowledge-economy, meaning that “knowledge is the main motive for • economic growth”.Forming the required cadres for application and growth.• Supporting knowledge-economy for planning and managing the productive & service activity.• Strengthening knowledge-economy through the advanced technology.• The impact of knowledge-economy in attracting local and foreign investments.•

Enppi was represented by Eng. Amal Dawood- General Manager in Piping Division, Eng. Shehab Amin - Department Manager in Electrical Division and Eng. Basem Saber from the Mechanical Division.

Enppi participated in the International and Local Egyptian Contracts “Tenders & Bids” Conference. Discussions were focused on the following crucial issues:

Application of the provisions of Tenders and Bids.• Organizations not governed by relevant law.• The concerned authority for reviewing administrative • contracts.Sanctions imposed by law on the contractor.• Administrative contracts.• Some types of administrative contracts, i.e., EPC • Contracts & Purchase Order Contracts.The most important principles determined by the • Administrative Supreme Court regarding Administrative Contracts.

It also focused on how to deal with crimes related to Tenders and Bids; such as graft, money laundering and public money crimes.

The conference was held at Ramsis Hilton Hotel in Cairo, on March 12th, 2013, where Enppi was represented by Eng. Mohamed Badr – Planning Division General Manager, Mr. Moataz Abu Seif – Projects Payments Auditing Dept. Manager, Eng. Mohamed Abu Shanab – EPC Projects Planning Dept. and Eng. Maher Yousry – Assistant G.M. & Supervisor of Vendor List and Material Control Departments.

The 5th Annual Scientific Forum & Exhibition was held at Al-Azhar Conference Center, Nasr City, in the period from Feb. 26th – 28th, 2013. The forum has discussed several topics, such as:-

Mining Activities.• The role of mining industry in developing • the Egyptian economy.Role of Metallurgical Research and • Development Institute in solving processing problems of Egyptian low-grad Phosphate for Phosphoric Acid production.Mining-research studies of Um Alawi region • in South Sinai. Environmental and Economic impact of Salt • extraction from Qarun Lake.Energy crisis in Egypt and the role of mining • in enhancing development.

Enppi was represented in the Exhibition by Eng. Alaa Khashab; Vice Chairman for Engineering, Eng. Ehab Anwar, from Mechanical Engineering Division and Eng. Ahmed Osama, from Project Management Division.

Under the patronage of the Tunisian Ministry of Industry, the 4th Annual Conference and Exhibition of “Petroleum and Services” was held on April 11-13, 2013 in Tunisia.

Enppi participated in this prestigious event as well as other various International companies in the Oil and Gas field, such as Sonatrach - Algeria and Enterprise Tunisienne D’activites Petrolieres (ETAP)- Tunisia.

It is worth mentioning that the Tunisian Minister visited Enppi booth and was welcomed by Enppi representatives, Eng. Sherif El Bakry – Business Development Area Manager, Eng. Khaled Essam –

Mechanical Engineering Section Head and Eng. Samar El Nashar – Architectural Engineer of Enppi.

North Africa Technical Conference & Exhibition (NATC) was organized by the International Society of Petroleum Engineers, during the period from April 15 - 17, 2013. The global energy industry is facing now huge challenges, due to recent conditions confronting Oil & Gas industry, as a result of the rapid increase in the consumption level and the growing gap between supply and demand, which necessitates the exploration of new & unconventional sources of energy to secure supplies and provide required investments.

The conference discussed three main issues included development, changes and challenges facing Global Oil & Gas industry; it also stressed the need to explore new sources of energy in deep water and ultra-deep water, and producing the Rock Oil and Clay Gas to provide unconventional sources of energy, in addition to the importance of new fuel sources, such as Hydrogen & Methanol, as an alternative to Gasoline & Diesel.

It is worth mentioning that both current political instability and financial crisis are affecting global economic growth, which in-turn, causing further fluctuations in the world’s market; in addition to the burden on government to provide energy i.e., Power Stations in Egypt consume huge amounts of fuel, instead of using it in other industries of higher added-value, as Petrochemical industries.

Egypt now is facing unprecedented variations, which require providing further renewable energy sources to

support economic and social development plans. The positive and fruitful cooperation between the Oil Sector and the foreign partners in executing investment’s plans emphasizes the sustainability in serving the Egyptian economy. Egypt seeks to secure its energy needs, through the latest technologies, increasing refining capacity and industry development. The Petroleum industry is facing many challenges to avail energy for present and future generations, by increasing the production rates and achieve balance between consumption and demand, as well as securing extra Oil & Gas reserves.

In order to achieve the aforementioned goals, government shall encourage research & exploration in Egypt's Border and new areas as Aqaba Gulf and the Red Sea, which would attract new investments in exploration activities, with the latest technologies; in addition to increasing production rates and reserves from current fields and extracting Clay Oil and Rock Gas, as unconventional energy resources.

At Enppi booth, Eng. Abdel Nasser Salah - Enppi Chairman & CEO, welcomed the Minister of Petroleum & Mineral Resources and the EGPC Chairman. Enppi distinguished booth was praised from many local and International companies, as it was an opportunity for Enppi to present its capabilities and experiences in the field of Oil Industry.

Enppi was also represented by Eng. Zahraa Abu El-Hagag - Assistant Chairman for Information Technology & Technical Services, Mrs. Wedad Abaza - General Manager in Business Development, Supervisor of Conferences Dept., Eng. Azza Wahid- Assistant General Manager-Supervisor of Interior Design & Exhibitions Technical Services Dept., Eng. Ashraf Wanas - Assistant General Manager in Human Resources Division, Eng. Ihab Badr El-Din, Eng. Abd El-Fattah Dawood and Eng. Ahmed Samir from Process Technology Division.

Enppi participated in the Fifth African Petroleum Conference and Exhibition (CAPE V) that was held in Libreville, Gabon from March 26 - 28, 2013. CAPE V was organized at the same time as the Ordinary Session of the APPA (the African Petroleum Producers Association) Council of Ministers meeting, which was attended by the Ministers of APPA member countries. The exhibition was inaugurated by the Gabonese Republic Prime Minister, on behalf of President Ali Bongo Ondimba, as he was welcomed by Eng. Ahmed El-Ashmawy, Chairman of Oil & Gas Skills “OGS” Co., as a representative of the Egyptian booth in the exhibition.

The Egyptian booth in the exhibition was honored by the visit of the Minister of Petroleum & Energy of the Republic of Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Angola as well as delegations representing Nigeria, Algeria, the World Bank and some of the African & International Companies in Oil & Gas field.

It is worth mentioning that the Egyptian booth in the exhibition, designed by Enppi, won the esteem of all

participants. Eng. Tamer Metwally gave a presentation on Enppi capabilities and proficiency in the field of Oil & Gas. In addition, visitors showed great interest in getting benefit from Enppi vast expertise in the field of projects and they emphasized their willingness to visit Enppi Headquarters in Cairo in the nearest chance.

In the Exhibition, Enppi was represented by Eng. Tamer Metwally- Business Development Division, Eng. Dina Abd El-Moein- Interior Design & Exhibitions Technical Services Department. Moreover, Several Oil Sector Companies participated in this event, including Petrojet, Oil & Gas skills «OGS», Petromaint and EPROM.

Under the patronage of Ministries of State for Environmental Affairs, Industry and Trade, Water Resources & Irrigation, Health & Population, Local Development and Scientific Research, the 23rd International conference was held under the title of «Environment Protection is a Life Necessity». The conference was organized by the Association of International Scientists, the European Center for Cooperation, in coordination with the Islamic Capitals & Cities Organization and Faculty of Technology of UAE, at Sheraton Hotel , Montazah in Alexandria, during the period from 11th – 13th May, 2013.

The conference focused on some major pillars, such as;Environment Media, Education, Tourism and Engineering Protection Systems. • The World Climatic Change and its impact on the Northern Delta of the Nile River. • Environmental Protection Programs, Laws, Control Systems. • Environmental Management & Information Systems. • Seas, Oceans and Rivers Pollution and their impact on Economy. • Woman Health and Energy interface with Environment. •

It is worth mentioning that, a group of Arab and Egyptian famous figures were honored for their positive participation in the field of Environment Protection. Eng. Fakhry Amer- Assistant Chairman and Enppi Representative of Quality, Environment, Health and Safety Management Systems, attended the conference as well as other representatives of the Petroleum Sectors' Companies.

The Gabonese Republic Prime Minister at the Egyptian booth

Eng. Tarek Hamed started working for Enppi in 1999, as an Engineer in Supplier Quality Surveillance Dept., in Procurement Division. Then he was assigned to several positions until he was appointed as Assistant

General Manager supervising Supplier Quality Surveillance Department. He worked on developing the Department systems, contributed in upgrading staff performance and developing cadres, to comply with Enppi projects’ needs, through obtaining several accredited International certificates.

Through quality-control, he participated in many of Enppi projects; such as Assiut Oil Refinery Expansion project, Deep Water project, Scarab Saffron for Burullus Co. and Yanbu & Safaniya project for ARAMCO Co.

Prior to Enppi, Eng. Tarek worked in several projects for huge Petroleum companies; i.e., at the Western Desert Operating Petroleum Co. «WEPCO», and worked also as a «Construction

Section Head» in Project Management Division. Moreover, he participated in North Abu Qir Field Development project, as well as the Onshore Compression Station at Maadia Site, in addition to Khapri & Kalabsha Field Development project in the Western Desert. Then he moved to work at GL Group «Germanischer Lloyd» as an Inspection Engineer and Acting- as the Group Deputy Office Manager in Doha, Qatar.

It is worth mentioning that Eng. Tarek holds a B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering, from Alexandria University in 1984. He also obtained several International certificates in the field of Quality Audit and Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).

Eng. Mohamed Lotfy joined Enppi in 1993 as an Electrical Engineer; he was assigned to several key positions until he was appointed as Principal Electrical Engineer & Supervisor of Petroleum Projects System Engineering Section for several mega Oil projects. Eng. M. Lotfy developed the Department’s work systems, revised and checked Engineering Designs, Equipment Purchase & Electrical Materials, in addition to supervising the construction,

execution and operation works.Eng. M. Lotfy participated in some

projects abroad; such as ARAMCO in Saudi Arabia, Fajr in Jordan and Bechtel in USA; as well as several giant projects for the Egyptian Petroleum Sector companies, i.e., Petrobel, Gasco, UGDC and Burullus, such as:• Oil Re-refining Plant in Alexandria for Amerya Petroleum Co.• Western Desert Gas Complex in Alexandria for Gasco.• NGL Process Facility Project in Port Said for UGDC.• Phase VII, Main Compression project in Alexandria for Burullus.• Jordanian Gas Transmission Pipeline & Aqaba Compression Station for Fajr Company.• Safaniya Water Disposal System Upgrade project for Saudi Aramco, KSA.

It is worth mentioning that Eng. M. Lotfy represented Enppi in several missions abroad, in the preliminary reviews of the

engineering designs, for some projects i.e., Bechtel International, USA and Techint, Italy.

Due to his outstanding performance, Eng. M. Lotfy obtained a Certificate of Appreciation from ARAMCO during the execution of the engineering designs, construction supervision, commissioning and start-up of Safaniya water disposal system upgrade project, for Saudi ARAMCO, KSA.

Eng. M. Lotfy was assigned to set training plans for engineers to boost their personal and technical skills to attain satisfactory level in engineering designs. He also obtained several training courses in his technical specialty, project management and soft skills, in addition to Health, Safety and Environment.

It is worth mentioning that, Eng. M. Lotfy holds a B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering - Machinery and Power Engineering from Zagazig University in 1992.

In the framework of Enppi continuous upgrading of the work system, which aims at upgrading performance rates and benefiting of modern techniques and applications to keep pace with the Global market requirements, Eng. Fakhry Amer, Chairman Assistant, proposed the formation of two new departments; namely: Customer Support System and Energy Management System, to be under the supervision of Quality, Environment, Safety & Occupational Health Division. He also presented an overview of the expected scope of work of each department, where he focused on their determined performance and the value-added to the Oil Sector in general and to Enppi in particular.In this regards, an extensive study was performed on how appropriate the two new departments to Enppi vision, in order to activate the company development plan on both levels vertically and horizontally. This study was followed by a presentation and some discussions with Enppi Top Management level, where Eng. Abd El-Nasser Salah, Enppi Chairman & CEO, approved the organizational structure of the two new departments.

Energy Systems DepartmentEng. Mohamed Abd El-Moneim, Energy Systems Dept. Manager, explained that the recent Global trend is to seek non-conventional sources of energy (new & renewable energy), due to the increasing demands for energy and the higher depletion rates of conventional energy sources; besides the environmental damages caused by emissions of fossil fuels. Accordingly, and in order to keep pace with World trends, Enppi has formed a committee to study the energy issues; such as rationalizing and improving energy efficiency, in addition to considering Enppi involvement in the energy projects. The committee has set some recommendations, on top of which, is the need to obtain ISO 50001- Energy Management System certification and applying this standard in Enppi. The Supreme Council of Energy recommended the application of this Energy Management System Standard in all companies, working in high energy-consuming industries. The supreme council also recommended the use of new and renewable energy resources as an alternative to conventional energy sources in the near future by 20% in 2020. Consequently, a new Energy Management System department was needed to handle energy issues, with a scope of work summarized as follows:• Setting a strategy to rationalize and improve energy consumption efficiency according to the requirements of ISO 50001.• Setting a mechanism to ensure the application of standards of Energy Management Systems. • Applying these standards in Enppi buildings.

• Ensure the possibility of applying these standards by suppliers and contractors in the projects executed by Enppi.• Internal auditing on Enppi departments to ensure applying these standards.

Customer Support System DepartmentEng. Nader Serry, Customer Support System Dept. Manager, explained that the department scope of work will focus on setting up a new mechanism of how to deal with customers. The prevailing concept of success was determined only by cost, time and quality, but to develop this concept, success should reflect the reality. Customer satisfaction must be the basic goal of any business and the measuring key of success is how to keep the existing customers, create new work opportunities with them and build a good reputation to attract other customers.The department strategy relies on measuring the clients’ opinion, analyze it, handling their complaints if any, and solve them. In the meantime, recording these notes to avoid their recurrence in the future and this could be achieved through the following steps:• Setting a strategy to deal with customers in conformity with ISO 9001- Quality Standards and ISO 10002 - Customer Satisfaction Management System Standards. • Systematic dealing with customer complaints to achieve his satisfaction and to maintain the image of the company and its rights.• Analyzing customers’ opinions in a scientific way that will result in reducing complaints, as well as discovering strong and weak points within the departments.• Adding customer support instructions to the company guidance booklet and updating the instructions of each department, according to the company booklet.• Holding awareness sessions that conforms to the requirements of ISO 10002 and enhance customer satisfaction.• Issuing an annual report and submitting it to Company Top Management, including a systematic analysis of Enppi current attitude towards clients and the corrective actions to be taken periodically. • Setting up criteria to measure customer satisfaction. • Performing internal auditing for departments working directly with customers to ensure the application of Enppi methodology in dealing with customers.

On the occasion of approaching the completion of the first phase of PAGMI project, which is a part of «CIGMA» Projects Complex of PDVSA Co., and a complement to the outstanding work performance of the project team, Enppi site team of PAGMI Project in Venezuela, organized a forum for Occupational Safety, Health and Environment. Representatives of all companies, working in CIGMA Projects Complex, were invited to attend this forum headed by «PDVSA» Co.

The forum was launched with PDVSA Site Manager of PAGMI Project (Eng. Jaime Córdoba) who delivered a speech to thank all companies responded to the forum invitation. Consequently, Enppi HSE presentation was delivered by Enppi HSE site team leaders; Eng. Ahmed Mahdy & Eng. Hazem Hassanin to display the Forum's Agenda and to explain the history of the Occupational Health & Safety history worldwide. Moreover, the light was shed on the World Safety Day and its celebrations.

Enppi Site Manager of PAGMI Project- Eng. Ahmed El Borady delivered a speech on Enppi history and the executed projects inside and outside Egypt. Afterwards, PDVSA presentation was delivered by PDVSA Project Manager of PAGMI (Eng. Jaime Córdoba) who displayed the activities of PAGMI Project and PDVSA projects in Venezuela.

Moreover, Eng. Francisco Vera - PAGAMI Project Manager of Y&V Co. gave a presentation around Y&V projects in South

America, followed by PDVSA HSE presentation, prepared by PDVSA HSE Manager of CIGMA Project (Eng. José Qeurales) on SMS (Safety Management System), and HSE activities in CIGMA Project. Subsequently, Eng. Jesús Idrogo, HSE Coordinator in Y&V Co. gave a presentation on Health and Safety activities and the problems in CIGMA projects complex and he offered suitable solutions for these problems.

At the end of PAGMI safety forum, Enppi HSE Team Leader of PAGMI project; Eng. Ahmed Mahdy thanked all participant companies which attended the forum, and wished to repeat the forum at planned intervals to create a cooperation spirit between all companies in displaying the HSE performance in addition to discussing all problems that encounter the companies working inside CIGMA Projects complex.

GASCO awarded Enppi a Certificate of Appreciation due to Enppi outstanding achievement in the field of Safety, Occupational Health & Environment in Nubaria Sadat / Dahshour Gas Pipeline Project.

It is worth mentioning that Enppi applied the latest International Safety, Occupational Health, & Environmental Measures in the project’s site and achieved 4 million Safe Working Hours without Lost Time Injury (LTI).

Saudi Aramco Co. awarded a Certificate of Recognition to Chemist Khaled Ismail- Health, Safety and Environment Manager «Yanbu Export Refinery Project», Yanbu, KSA, and Chemist Tarek Ali, Health, Safety and Environment Vice Manager at Yanbu Site, for their valuable contribution and their outstanding performance in achieving the standards of Health, Safety & Environment in compliance with the International Standards.

In conjunction with the celebrations of the World Health & Safety Week, which includes the 22nd of April, as the Earth Day, announced by the United Nations Organization as an Annual Celebration to raise awareness and concern for the environment; and also the 28th of April, as the World day for Safety & Health, which is approved by the International Labor Organization (ILO), as an Annual Celebration to promote safety and health at work, Enppi site team of “PAGMI” project in Venezuela celebrated the aforementioned occasions, where they highlighted the need to abide by the rules regarding Health & Safety at Sites.

The celebration started with a speech by Chemist Ahmed Mahdy- Enppi Site HSE Team Leader, in which he referred to the importance of that day as an opportunity to enhance the culture of Health & Safety among workers at site, adding that the provision of a safe and healthy work environment is our priority, that would prevent workplace accidents and diseases.

It is worth mentioning that the celebration included several Health, Safety and Environment

Awareness sessions and practical exercises on Fire extinguishers. Gifts and certificates of appreciation were distributed and photos were taken for some active distinguished workers, who contributed effectively to maintain Health & Safety requirements at Site.

Saudi ARAMCO Co. awarded Eng. Mohamed El-Sonbaty- Project Management Division, a Certificate of Appreciation and Gratitude for his interactive participation in handling the Interface Management System in YANBU Export Refinery project at Yanbu, KSA. Enppi scope is to execute the EPC Scope for the Tank Farm Package.

It is worth mentioning that the project is executed through 18 main International contractors and more than 57 subcontractors, in addition to 5500 engineering & Construction Interface Points between the neighboring contractors. Enppi has 1300 interface points which represents 23% of the project overall interface capacity.

This scheme is controlled through a new innovated interface management system, which is considered the cutting-edge of its kind worldwide, in defining & managing the interface boundaries between neighboring contractors on the same venture.

In this respect, it is noteworthy that Eng. Mohamed El-Sonbaty has also obtained a certificate of «Project Management Professional- PMP», which is issued from Project Management Institute in USA and Internationally accredited worldwide in the Project Management field.

Eng. Moataz Nassar, from the Project Management Division has acquired the International Business Administration (MBA) from ESLSCA French University with Excellence Grade in April, 2013.

Mr. Wael Abu EL-Yazeed Fathallah, from Administration Division, obtained a Master’s Degree in Procedural Laws

from Faculty of Law, Ain Shams University, which consequently qualified him to acquire PhD. Degree in Procedural Law.

Engineers Ahmed Samir and Hassan Amer, from the Civil Engineering Division, are now authorized to use the titles of, and act as, Professional Engineers.

Engineers Mohamed Hamed and Mahmoud Samy, from Electrical Engineering Division, obtained the above mentioned certificate, in the field of Electrical Power as well.

It is worth mentioning that, the Professional Engineer Certificate (PE) applies the American Professional Standards.

Engineers Mohamed Younis, Kareem El-Khashab, Ahmed Mokhtar, Amal Kamel, Sherif Okasha and Mahmoud Nagar, from Civil Engineering Division, have successfully passed the Fundamentals Engineering (FE) Exams. It is worth noting that such certificate is accredited from the USA and enables its holder to work as a Professional Engineer according to the American Laws.

In accordance with Enppi strategy to acquire certified courses and participate in multinational projects, in order to acquaint Piping Engineers with the latest up- to-date technologies, HR Division, in cooperation with CIC, One of the leading Engineering Technical Training Providers in Egypt, conducted the Certified Program “API 570: Piping Inspection Code «Inspection, Repair, Alteration & Re-rating of In-Service Piping Systems”.

The program tackled different technical concepts; such as alteration, Re-rating of In-Service Piping Systems, and RP 574, Inspection of Piping, Tubing, Valves and Fillings. Such topics are of crucial importance for the rehabilitation and revamping projects executed by the Piping Engineering Division.

The program was conducted from April 7th-18th, 2013 with the participation of 14 engineers from Piping Engineering and Procurement Divisions.

In conformity with Enppi strategy to enhance employees’ experience in the field of Project Management, namely during execution phases, HR Divsion conducted a comprehensive training program titled as “Construction Management”. The program was executed through top-notch training provider dealing with the subject field during the period 21- 24 April, 2013 and was attended by Enppi Engineers from various specialities.

It is worth mentioning that such training program underlines the best utilization of the project’s resources such as: Manpower, Equipment, Materials and Financial Resources; in terms of conducting the three aspects of Project Management, Planning, Management and Control, which helps in upgrading Enppi engineers in that field.

In line with Enppi continuous attempt to have the latest evolving knowledge in the field of Petrochemical industries, Human Resources Division in cooperation with Independent Chemical Information Service (ICIS), one of the leading companies in the field of Petrochemical industries, conducted a training program on “Polymers Technology”. The program was intended to gain an insight into the world of Polymers Technology, applications, market trends and industry structure and attended by 35 engineers from Process Technology Division.

In light of the global challenges facing the Egyptian Petroleum Sector and out of Enppi's belief in the distinctive need for cooperation and strategic partnership with the Petroleum Sector's companies to uphold the staff knowledge standard, Training and Development department executed a site training visit to Estyrenics Polystyrene Plant, during the 1st quarter of 2013.

The main objective of the visit is to link the practical and theoretical parts through the applied training at site; as 45 engineers from various Engineering Divisions comprising Mechanical, Piping, Instrumentation & Control Systems and Electrical Divisions joined the program throughout 14 rounds.

It is worth mentioning that, two

preliminary Awareness Sessions were held prior to the site visit in order to introduce an overall overview on the Polystyrene manufacturing products at site. The first session titled, «PFD Awareness & Plant Walk Through» was held by Process Technology and Piping Divisions. The second

session titled, «Special Design / Lesson Learnt from Solid Handling Process»

was held by Instrumentation and Control Systems Division.

Each site visit took 2 working days; the first day was an introduction to the site activities in general, and on the second day, all

participant engineers were directed to their concerned

practical field of specialization.

M.Hamed M.Sami

Hassan AmerAhmed Samir

Khan El Khalili, is one of the historical districts of ancient Cairo. It is also one of thirty eight markets that existed during Mamlouk era on Cairo's main corners. The Khan is located in the middle of ancient Cairo, upward the tombs of Fatimid Caliphs. Khan has a large tourist attraction featuring like; bazaars, shops and oriental restaurants, in addition to ta large number of tourists and visitors.

Khan is considered a source of aspiration for several authors and Egyptian writers; such as Naguib Mahfouz, as one of his masterpieces took place in Khan El-Khalili, called «Khan El–Khalili», and it was transformed later into a movie.

The History ofKhan El -Khalili

Khan El-Khalili is one of the oldest markets of the East, which goes back to more than (600) years ago; however

its architecture is still unchanged since Mamlouk era till present time. A large number of traders of «Khalil» Palestine City immigrated to Khan, where they stayed. Today, some inhabitants of Khan are a group of Khalil City, after whom Khan El-Khalili in Cairo is named. It is worth mentioning that, the name of «Khan El Khalili «goes back to one of Mamlouk Princes called Gerkes El -Khalili from Khalil City.

Going back to history, we would discover the words of the famous Arab History author; «El-Makrizi», who recited that, Khan El -Khalili is a square like shape city, surrounded by a large yard, similar to a marketplace. The lower part of Khan comprises small shops while the upper part include storages and houses.

Feshawi CaféIt is considered one of the ancient

cafes in Egypt, and its establishment

goes back to year 1769. The great author and novelist Naguib Mahfouz was one of the famous visitors of Khan during the sixties of the twentieth century. At Feshawi Café, which is located in the front part of Khan, the visitor can have any type of beverage before starting a tour in this ancient district. A foot walk among the paths needs a lot of contemplation to unleash its secrets, which is in itself one of the major amusements of Khan. Paths are organized as a necklace grains composed with a multi colors rainbow.

Till present time, the secrets of Khan El-Kahlili architectural philosophy is undisclosed. The ground is tiled with black glorious basalt stone, and the souk is roofed with a durable wood

that persisted against aging and erosion factors. The sun rays sneak to shops filled with treasures and rare artifacts that are skillfully made.Inside the Khan:

When journey starts in Khan, a look should be taken on the remnants of roofs overlooking streets, lanes and beautiful copper fountains. There are also water basins, which were troy thirsty people and passers-by. Once you enter the street, it comes to your ears the light welcoming Egyptian words, which encourage visitors to have tours around. The sellers start to display their goods while confirming that it was made especially for lovers of handwork.

In Khan El Khalili, you find different types of goods from gold, diamond, silver till Papyrus, which hold hieroglyphic words, mascots , love poems; and engravings in blue, which narrates the best love story in history; the story of Isis and Osiris which is preferred by most tourists. Goods Carnival:

Visitor's carnival of Khan El-Khalili is conferred with embroidered clothes organized by shops owners to attract visitors to the shops' display counters. Hundreds and thousands of rosaries are hanged inside the shops counters, some of which are made of olive seeds and plastic, which is called (Nour El Sabah), and others are made of rare stones such as, turquoise, coral, amber and youssr; and a few rosaries are made of sandal wood. In Khan El-Khalili, ladies of all nationalities are keen to buy the necklace of which Horus (One of ancient Egyptian Gods) Eyes are hanged. Necklaces are made of different materials and the visitor has to determine his request.

At this moment, the seller gives him a wonderful masterpiece that was manufactured hundreds of years ago. In the middle Ages, Cairo was a famous commercial center, which brings goods from the Far East and send them in various shipping routes through the Mediterranean Sea.

This was in the golden era of spices trade with India and Send. In the sixteenth century, one of the strangest markets was transferred to Khan El-Khalili, which was called «Slaves Souk» and its reputation spread all over the East and the West.

Perfumes and IncenseNice odors are overwhelming the place and reach the

tourist who is crossing the lane in the direction of Mousqi Street, where the trade of Arab, Asian and European perfumes prevail, such as Musk, amber, jasmine and other.

The incense has its special sovereignty in Khan. People have a belief that Mastic smoke prevents envy and bad luck, while coriander is the queen of incenses, which is called «Fak&Foukok» meaning that it relieves any aspiratory problems. Ancient Egypt has a lot of stories to tell, but pages do not permit.

For more than 3000 years the phenomenon of the sun passes over the statue of Ramses is repeated at Abu Simbel Temple regularly at the same hour and minute, twice a year. The phenomenon, that occurs twice a year in Aswan's Abu Simbel Temple, takes place on February 21st at 6:25 am, when the king was crowned, and on October 21st, when he was born.

Sun Rays break in the inner long path of the Temple of Abu Simbel to reach the “the Holy of Holies” Room and the four adjacent statues of Ramses II, the two other Statues, Ra Hur; the Sister of the Sun God, and Amun; Thebes God. The fourth statue is for God Ptah; the God of Darkness , who the sun rays never lighten his face since he was destined to live in the dark.

For more than 3000 consecutive years, the solar phenomenon had taken place; since 1240 B.C. till 1964 A.D.; then due to the flood, the temple was relocated to another higher place; 60 meters higher and 120 meters further from the original place. Since the relocation, the phenomenon timing was changed to take place on the 22nd of February and 22nd of October, on annual basis.The unique event confirms that ancient Egyptians were pioneers in astrology and asserts their ability to take advantage of natural phenomena and their absolute knowledge of the solar system’s characteristics; i.e. sunrise, sunset and the solar calendar.

Abu Simbel Temple Relocation and Solar

Phenomenon Time Shift

In the sixties, the Egyptian Government called upon the United Nations and the International Community to rescue Abu Simbel Temple and other associated temples from inevitable drowning; thus relocating the Temple was mandatory to avoid its submerging during the creation of Lake Nasser, due to the massive water reservoir formed after the construction of Aswan High Dam.

The process of moving the Temple was one of the most sophisticated operations ever known in mankind history with a total cost of 50 Million US$ with the cooperation of the world’s most experienced civil and architectural engineers.

Maintaining the unique solar phenomenon, which is the sunlight ray falling on the three statues, was the real challenge while moving the temple; changing the longitude & latitude led to a one-day shift as aforementioned.

In one of the hugest projects in the last century, the temple was successfully moved with maintaining the rare Solar Phenomenon. The side of the Temple reached 33 meters and behind the entrance spread corridors and rooms, which were built deep in the mountain, ornamented with various statues and Hieroglyphic drawings on walls of the temple that weighed over 200 thousand tons.

The «Renaissance of Egypt Statue»; is one of Mahmoud Mokhtar’s Masterpieces. The most famous pioneer sculptor, Mahmoud Mokhtar, had a museum after his name which still welcomes the sculpture’s learners; this museum witnessed an era of Egypt’s radical historical and political changes.

In 1908, The School of Fine Arts was inaugurated nearby Mahmoud Mokhtar’s residence in Darb El Gamameez District in Cairo. A new horizon was opened for the Seventeen-Years-old boy who joined, among the first generation, the School of Fine Arts. His talent drew the attention of his professors who devoted a workshop for Mokhtar to finish his work. Prince Youssef Kamal, the school patron, sent him to Paris on an artistic study mission. In 1920, Mahmoud Mokhtar headed to Paris to exhibit the Renaissance of Egypt’s Statue in a famous French Artists’ Exhibition in 1920. Afterwards, he was awarded a certificate of honor for the statue, Egypt’s prominent thinkers called for the importance of erecting the statue in one of Egypt’s main Squares.

The Masterpiece Statue of “the Renaissance of Egypt” is made of black granite

symbolizing modern Egypt during a very crucial political era- as Egypt was seeking freedom from the British occupation. Mokhtar’s state-of-the-art statue symbolizes an Egyptian peasant girl standing beside sphinx and putting

her hand on his head in a reflection for Egypt aspiring for the bright future. The whole

idea started in 1920 when Mahmoud Mokhtar sculptured half-sized model of the statue and flew to Paris to exhibit it, the statue was admired by the judges, audience and sculpture lovers. At this

time, Saad Zaghlul and his colleagues were in Paris and visited the Fine Art’s

Exhibition, where they saw and admired the Egyptian statue. Consequently, they asked the Egyptian Government to erect the statue in Cairo. On June 25th, 1921, the Egyptian Council of Ministers approved the erection of the statue. The entire Egyptian people

contributed in a public fund for the project and the government covered the rest

of expenses. On May 2nd, 1928 a fascinating public ceremony was held in Bab El-Hadeed

Square “Ramsis Square nowadays” to celebrate the statue erection, which was moved to Cairo University in 1955.

The painting “Girl with a Pearl Earring”, is one of the Dutch Painter Johannes Vermeer’s masterpieces. The painting is kept in Mauritshuis gallery in The Hague in Holland. It is sometimes referred to as «the Mona Lisa of the North» or «the Dutch Mona Lisa». Johannes was born in Holland and was one of the most important artists of the 17th century.

Vermeer was a realistic painter; he was talented in handling light effects and he was professional in highlighting the details and physical structure of things in addition to colors harmony.

The date of painting is unspecified but it was regarded as Vermeer’s masterpiece, as it embodies his creativity in the shadows and light reflected on the girl’s pearl earring and on her eyes. It was probably a conventional portrait of a girl face, especially that her clothes demonstrate that she belongs to such a social class, in which he was interested in. The unknown girl remained unknown,

no one knew her story, or whether Johannes had to draw her to save her or not, and who forced him to?. Her eyes showed that deep sight towards the viewer, carrying the two contradictions between innocence & experience, happiness & tears to let the viewer imagine himself her story. However, he portrayed her in this expressive manner to the degree that many artists were inspired by it. A novel was published carrying the same title of the portrait; also an American movie was made in 2003 telling the story of the girl.