ENPE 241 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Dr. Daoyong (Tony) Yang

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Chapter 1 Review of Oil and Gas Industry 1. History of oil and gas industry 2. Features of the Oil and Gas Industry

Chapter 2 Petroleum Fluids

1. Nature of Petroleum Fluids 1) Components of Hydrocarbons 2) Organic chemistry 3) Structure of hydrocarbons 4) Properties of reservoir fluids

Water Gas Crude oil

5) Phase Behavior (1) Pure Substance

Phase diagrams (pressure-temperature diagrams) Use of phase diagram

(2) Phase diagram of two component mixtures (3) Phase diagram of multi-component mixtures

Chapter 3 Petroleum Geology and Rock Properties

1. Types of Rock 2. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks 3. Rock Formations 4. Geological Structure Traps

Folding Faulting Basin

5. Formation of Petroleum Reservoirs Origin of Petroleum Generation of Oil Migration of Oil Accumulation/Entrapment

6. Reservoir Rocks Porosity Permeability

7. Conditions of A Petroleum Accumulation

Chapter 4 Petroleum Exploration and Geophysics 1. Geological Techniques

Surface mapping

ENPE 241 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Dr. Daoyong (Tony) Yang

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Geological reasoning Geochemical techniques

2. Geophysics Gravity survey Magnetic survey Seismic survey

Chapter 5 Drilling and Well Completion

5.1 Drilling Engineering 5.1.1 Cable Tool Drilling 5.1.2 Rotary Drilling System

Drillbits Drillsrting Hoisting system Rotating systems Drilling fluid

o Functions of drilling mud o Mud circulation system

Pipe handling system Prime mover

5.1.3 Routine Drilling Procedures Drilling ahead Making a connection Roundtripping

5.1.4 Well Control Blowout Stuck pipe Twist-offs

5.1.5 Advanced Drilling Technology Directional drilling Horizontal drilling

5.2 Well Completions 5.2.1 Casing

Casing program o Conductor pipe o Surface casing o Intermediate casing o Production casing

5.2.2 Completion methods Perforated completion Open-hole completion Wire-wrapped screen completion

5.2.3 Tubing

ENPE 241 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Dr. Daoyong (Tony) Yang

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Chapter 6 Formation Evaluation and Reserves Estimates 1. Formation Evaluation 1) Drilling operations log

Cutting sample log Drilling-time log Mud log

2) Coring 3) Productivity tests

Drillstem testing Wireline formation testing

4) Open-hole well logs Logging operations Lithology (permeability) logs

o Spontaneous potential (SP) log o Gamma ray log

Porosity logs o Sonic (acoustic) log o Density log o Neutron log

Resistivity logs Reservoir fluid samples

2. Reserves Estimation 1) Reserve categories

Proved reserves Unproved reserves

2) Reserve determination methods Volumetric method Material balance method Reservoir modeling/simulation Production decline curve method

Chapter 7 Reservoir Engineering

1. Reservoir Energy 2. Drive Mechanisms

Water drive Gas drives Combination drives Gravity drainage

3. Basic Water-Oil Flow Properties 1) Wettability 2) Interfacial tension 3) Capillary pressure 4) Relative permeability

ENPE 241 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Dr. Daoyong (Tony) Yang

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(a) Definition (b) Steady-state method

3. Fundamentals of Fluid Flow Equations Linear Flow Radial Flow

Chapter 8 Production Engineering

1. Well productivity 2. Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) 3. Production Operation Methods

Flowing Beam pump or sucker rod pump Gas lift Hydraulic pump Electric submersible pump (ESP) Progressive cavity (PC) pump

5. Well Stimulation 1) Acidizing

Matrix acidizing Fracture acidizing

2) Hydraulic fracturing

Chapter 9 Improved Oil Recovery 1. Waterflood

Waterflood’s advantages Well patterns

2. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) 1) EOR Goals 2) Miscible flooding

Carbon dioxide flooding 3) Chemical flooding

Surfactant flooding Polymer flooding Alkaline flooding ASP

4) Thermal recovery Fire flooding Steam flooding Cyclic steam flooding (huff-n-puff) Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD)

ENPE 241 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Dr. Daoyong (Tony) Yang

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Chapter 10 Surface Handling and Transportation 1. Free-water Knockouts (FWKs or FWKOs) 2. Emulsion-breaking Facilities

1) Emulsions-breaking principles 2) Types of emulsion treaters

3. Storing Crude Oil 4. Transportation Inland waterway barges, railway tank cars, transport trucks, oceangoing tankers, crude oil and products pipelines, and gas transmission pipelines all play an important part in the oil and gas transportation industry.

Chapter 11 Refining and Processing 1. What Refineries Do? 1) Processing procedures 2. Assays 3. Refining Processes 1) Treating

Dehydration and desalting Hydrotreating Sulfur recovery

2) Fractional Distillation Atmospheric distillation Vacuum distillation

3) Cracking Catalytic cracking Thermal cracking Hydrocracking

4) Rearranging hydrocarbon molecules Alkylation Isomerization Catalytic reforming

5) Solvent extraction 6) Blending and using additives

Chapter 12 Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Concerns

1. Sample Problems and Their Solutions

1) Closed-loop drilling system 2) Synthetic-based drilling fluid 3) Detecting contaminated water and soil 4) Cleaning contaminated soil

Mechanical methods Biodegradation Recycling

ENPE 241 Introduction to Petroleum Engineering Dr. Daoyong (Tony) Yang

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5) Blowout 6) Pipeline leakage and spill 7) Oil spills from tankers

Prevention Cleaning up the sea

o Boom o Skimmer o Burning o Dispersant

Cleaning up the shore Cleaning up shallow waters Hazard to cleanup workers

8) Refining and petrochemical production Water quality Air quality Refining clean-burning fuels Gasification Safety