Enlisted Information Dominance Warfare Specialist (EIDWS) Common Core

Fleet Weather Center Norfolk 1

Enlisted Information Dominance

Warfare Specialist (EIDWS)

Common Core

109 Communications


EIDWS Common Core 109 Communications

• References:

– NTP 4(E), Fleet Communications

– NTP 3(K)

– www.navy.mil/navydata/policy/seapower/SNE10/sne10-all

– DISAC 310-130-1

– NAG-16F/TSEC

– NTTP 3-54M

– CJCSI 3320.02D

– Electronic Key Management System (EKMS-1)

– APP-7(D) Joint Brevity Words Publication



• Discuss the purpose of a Red Cross message:

– In order to ensure rapid delivery, up to IMMEDIATE precedence may be assigned to

AMCROSS messages concerning death or serious illness. Additionally, EFTO

markings should not be applied to AMCROSS traffic, because such action incurs

excessive delays and results in needless manual handling. AMCROSS messages

contain information very personal to the intended recipient. Therefore,

communications personnel will not discuss the contents of such a message with

anyone and will limit the message distribution to the executive officer or an

appointed alternate only. Local command policy will dictate filing procedures for

AMCROSS messages.



• Describe the following systems and state their function:

• ADNS– Automated Digital Networking System. The primary function of the

ADNS is to connect navy shipboard networks to other ship and shore networks

for transferring Internet Protocol (IP) data of various classification levels.

• CUDIXS– COMMON USER DIGITAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE SUBSYSTEM

consists of the following hardware: computer (AN/UYK-20), video display unit,

printer replacement program (PRP) computer, and computer/satellite interface

unit. Up to sixty subscribers per CUDIXS suite have the capability to both send

and receive narrative message traffic. Each subscriber can send and receive

Operator-to-Operator (OTO) orderwire type messages in free form and up to

eighty characters in length.



• Describe the following systems and state their function (cont):

• VERDIN- The VLF Digital Information Network (VERDIN) broadcast system

provides a highly reliable and secure system for worldwide delivery of

operational, tactical, and administrative messages from the Fleet Submarine

Broadcast System (FSBS) and Minimum Essential Emergency Communications

Network (MEECN). The Submarine LF-VLF VMEBUS / Receiver (SLVR) system is

the receive side of VERDIN and includes the equipment necessary to receive

VLF radio signals (between 14 kHz and 160 kHz), process the signals, and

presents them to the operator in the form of an audio signal (continuous wave

(CW)) or as a message on a teletypewriter page printer and tape perforator. The

VLF/LF multi-channel submarine broadcast system is operable while the

submarine is on the surface or at various operating depths with the

multifunction mast, Type 18(v) or15L periscope, BRR-6 Communications Buoy,

or OE-315 Floating Wire Antenna employed. The VERDIN broadcast system is

capable of long distance (>600 nm) communications and is essentially an

extension of the DCS, which connects the SUBOPAUTH to submarines at sea.

VERDIN provides worldwide coverage for the various submarine broadcasts

from multiple transmitter sites. The system is normally operated in a four-

channel mode, but it is capable of operating in a variety of modes that adapt

system performance and characteristics to specified missions and operational

doctrine.




• NOVA- NOVA is a UNIX based, base-level Mode 1 store and forward terminal

(Figure 2-2) dependent on the worldwide switching functions of the DTH to relay

messages to other commands outside the immediate area of responsibility,

services and agencies. NOVA is a store and forward switching system that

provides automated readdressal and quote functions for authorized users. For

message accountability purposes, the system assigns a unique Processing

Sequence Number (PSN) to each message received. This PSN provides a

means of message recall and is used as part of an automated readdressal or

quote request. NOVA provides duplicate checking and First-In First-Out (FIFO)

by precedence processing. Received messages are sorted by routing indicator

and delivered to the DTH and backside terminals, using Mode 1 protocol. NOVA

performs validation of format lines 2 through 4, 12a, 12b, 15 and 16 of ACP 128

messages. Messages found to be in error are diverted to a Service Intercept

Position (SIP) for manual intervention. If the message cannot be corrected at

the SIP the message will be serviced by the NOVA operator. Installation of the

NOVA Virtual Circuit Protocol (VCP) brings a Local/Wide Area Network interface

into the NOVA application in addition to the AUTODIN Mode One interface. Use

of this interface reduces the number of connections to the DTH.




• IBS- IBS/JTT - Integrated Broadcast Service (IBS) is a system-of-systems that

will migrate the Tactical Receive Equipment (TRE) and Related Applications

Data Dissemination System (TDDS), Tactical Information Broadcast Service

(TIBS), Tactical Reconnaissance Intelligence Exchange System (TRIXS) and

Near-Real-Time Dissemination (NRTD) system into an integrated service with a

common message format. The IBS will send data via communications paths

such as Ultra High Frequency (UHF) SATCOMand via networks over Super High

Frequency (SHF), Extremely High Frequency (EHF) and Global Broadcast

Service (GBS). This program supports Indications and Warning (I&W),

surveillance, and targeting data requirements of tactical and operational

commanders and targeting staffs across all warfare areas. Joint Tactical

Terminal (JTT) is being upgraded to become interoperable with the new

Common Interactive Broadcast (CIB) UHF that employs the new Common

Message Format (CMF) and Demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA)

Integrated Waveform (IW). The Navy is also pursuing an Internet Protocol (IP)-

based IBS transmission system, called Network Enabled IBS (NEIBS), which will

provide for receipt of the IBS data over IPnetworks.




• INMARSAT-International Maritime Satellite The Inmarsat HSD system continues

to be a critical communications path for SIPRNET, NIPRNET, and telephone

ship-to-shore access for all Navy ships less the CV/CVN/LHA/LHD/AGF and LCC

classes. This multipurpose SATCOM system provides both simultaneous voice

and IP data up to 128 Kbps. By providing access to the DoD unclassified and

classified IP networks, all ships of a Strike Group become participants in a WAN

that enables real-time collaborative planning and significantly improved unit SA

and group C2. In addition, it supports quality of life communications supporting

voice and e-mail exchange between Sailors at sea and friends and family

ashore. The Inmarsat program augments MILSATCOM systems to provide

added capacity for fleet voice and data services. The program provides for

leases of commercial Inmarsat satellite channels and procurement and fielding

of Inmarsat terminals and ancillary equipment to enhance the leased service. In

addition, the program accommodates the lease of necessary terrestrial

connectivity between Navy hubs (NCTAMS, NCTS San Diego, NCTS Bahrain)

and the commercial Stratos Mobile Networks–owned Earth terminals in Canada,

the Netherlands, and New Zealand. The Inmarsat terminals operate in the UHF

L-band via the geostationary Inmarsat satellite constellation, enabling point-to-

point voice, facsimile, and data.




• DMS/NREMS/AMHS-The Defense Message System employs the messaging and

directory services using internationally recognized COTS-based X.400 and

X.500 messaging and directory products. The DMS COTS baseline, which

includes DoD military messaging, directory, and security enhancements,

provides the messaging infrastructure for DoD electronic organizational

messaging support. The DMS messaging and directory components are

managed and protected by specialized systems management and security

support mechanisms and components. The DMS management system uses

system management tools and message tracing applications to isolate and

identify problems and to report on the health and welfare of the DMS

infrastructure.

Navy Regional Enterprise Message System is the initiative to reduce the

number of Navy DSP sites from five to two, eliminating the need for client-

server DMS architecture and eliminating need for FORTEZZA cards / readers at

the command desktop. NREMS provides web-based messaging capability that

allows users (with accounts) to send and receive DMS messages using a web

browser or via SMTP. The benefits are that it replaces current client-server DMS

architecture and FORTEZZA at the command desktop and enables customers to

use a personal computer web-browser to generate/receive messages and

eliminate desktop software patches required by DMS.




• Automated Message Handling System has simplified the task of drafting ACP,

DOI 103, and DOI 103 Special formatted messages where as the actual message

format is transparent to the user. AMHS provides simplified message drafting,

coordination, and release of outgoing messages and a message internal

distribution and delivery function for incoming messages.




• VTC -Video TeleConferencing Service is an extension of traditional telephony

technologies with the added feature of being able to see the person or persons

with whom one is talking. Another way to consider VTC technology is an

extension or combination of television, which provides the audio and video

communication aspect, and telephony or telecommunications which provides

the addressable, bi-directional connectivity.



• Discuss GINGERBREAD and explain the procedures involved:

• GINGERBREAD is a codeword meaning that voice immitative deception is

suspected on this net. Imitative communications deception is the introduction

of fraudulent transmissions, in imitation of authentic transmissions, into enemy

communications systems for the purpose of confusing or deceiving.



• Discuss types of disclosures afforded protection by the EEFI list:

• Essential Elements of Friendly Information. Standardized EEFI are established

to identify specific items of information which, if acquired by an adversary,

would degrade the security of military operations, special projects, etc. As a

means to rapidly identify an EEFI violation on an uncovered radio telephone

circuit, the BEADWINDOW code was developed to provide a means for

immediate notification of insecure practices. The following standardized EEFI

listing and associated BEADWINDOW code is promulgated for Navy wide

implementation. The EEFI list will be posted in clear sight of operators at all

insecure voice positions for rapid reference.

• Discuss BEAD WINDOW and explain the procedures involved:

• BEADWINDOW is a real-time procedure which brings to the immediate attention

of circuit operators the fact that an EEFI (Essential Elements of Friendly

Information) disclosure has (or may have) occurred. The BEADWINDOW

technique uses a code word and a number combination which is transmitted

immediately by any net member to the unit disclosing the EEFI. At no time will

the validity of the BEADWINDOW be discussed on the net. Proper response for

a net member receiving a BEADWINDOW will be "ROGER OUT" using proper

net call signs.



• Define RIVER CITY and state when it is utilized:

– RIVER CITY is a measure/countermeasure to prevent the adversary from detecting

an indicator. A primary OPSEC goal is to mask or control friendly actions to

prevent the collection of CI or indicators. RIVER CITY conditions provide

procedures to control outgoing paths from ship and shore systems (e-mail, web

browsing, POTS, cell phones) for the purpose of OPSEC and force protection. It is

set prior to commencing sensitive planning or operations that could be

compromised by inadvertent communications/information release.



• Discuss JSIR to include the following:

• Meaconing: The intentional transmission of signals designed to deceive users

of navigational aids (tactical air navigation, GPS, nondirectional beacon,

instrument landing system, etc.). Example: Attempting to draw aircraft across

an international border by transmitting false VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range

signals.

• Intrusion- The intentional insertion of EM energy into transmission paths in any

manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or causing confusion.

• Jamming-The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of EM energy for the

purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy’s effective use of the EM spectrum

and with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the enemy’s combat capability.



• Discuss JSIR to include the following(cont):

– Spectrum Management-Spectrum policy and spectrum management functions

shall be guided by the following core principles:

• (1) Ensure the U.S. warfighter has sufficient spectrum access to support military

• capabilities.

• (2) Support a U.S. spectrum policy that balances national and economic security, with

• national security as the first priority.

• (3) Use the spectrum as efficiently and effectively as practical to provide the greatest

• overall benefit to warfighting capability.

• (4) Pursue spectrum-efficient technologies to support the increasing warfighter demand

• for spectrum access and encourage development of S-D systems that can operate in

diverse

• electromagnetic environments (EMEs).

• (5) Actively support U.S. policies and interests in international spectrum bodies and in

• international and bilateral negotiations for spectrum allocation and use.



• Define and state the purpose of the following:

– PLA: Plain Language Address the component used to denote the command short

title and sometimes geographic location used in message addressing.

– DTG: The Date Time Group is assigned to uniquely describe a message for

identification and file purposes only. A DTG has two parts. The first is expressed in

six digits; the first two digits represent the day, and the next four represent the

time. The second part includes a single-letter zone suffix, and the month and year.

The month is expressed by its first three letters and the year by the last two digits

of the year of origin. The zone suffix ZULU (Z), for Greenwich Mean Time, is used

as the universal time for all messages except in cases where theater or area

commanders prescribe the use of local time during tactical operations. The times

2400Z and 0000Z shall not be used, instead 2359Z or 0001Z shall be used as

appropriate.

– UTC: The zone suffix ZULU (Z), for Greenwich Mean Time, is used as the universal

time for all messages except in cases where theater or area commanders prescribe

the use of local time during tactical operations.



• List the components of a standard navy message:

• F/L Message Components

• 4 Security warning, security classification code, transmission release code (TRC), special handling designator(s) (SHD) transmission

instructions

• 5 Precedence, originator's date-time-group, message instructions

• 6 Message originator (FM)

• 7 Action addressees (TO)

• 8 Information addressees (INFO)

• 9 Exempt addressees (XMT)

• 11 Prosign BT

• 12 Message text will be arranged in the following order (as applicable):

• a. Security classification

• b. Special handling designations, e.g., SPECAT, US-UK EYES ONLY, etc.

• c. Releasability statement

• d. Special delivery instructions, e.g., PERSONAL FOR

• e. Standard subject identifier codes (SSIC), subject indicator code (SIC), delivery distribution indicator (DDI)

• f. Exercise name

• g. Subject line (SUBJ)

• h. References

• i. Thought or idea

• NOTE: Items a., g., and i. are mandatory in narrative messages,

remainder as needed.

• 13 Prosign BT

• 14 Confirmation

• 15 End-of-message (EOM) validation consisting of number sign (#) and 4-digit station serial number (SSN)

• 16 EOM functions, 2CR, 8LF, 4Ns, 12 LTRs, In ACP 126 format, also use prosigns "K" or "AR"



• Define the following message precedences:

a. R – Routine, 6 hours

b. P – Priority, 3 hours

c. O – Immediate, 30 minutes

d. Z – Flash, As fast as possible with an objective of less than 10 minutes.

e. W - The CRITIC message contains information of vital importance and must

be given the most rapid handling possible from origin to ultimate delivery to

authorized recipients. Use the prosign W with this precedence when processing via

Defense Special Security Communications System (DSSC) channels. Use the Flash

(Z) prosign when processing the CRITIC message via general service (GENSER)

channels. Messages are normally identified as CRITIC by placing "CRITIC" in the

clear following prosign BT.



• State the purpose of a TSO:

– Telecommunications Service Order (TSO). The authorization from Headquarters,

DISA, a DISA area, or DISA-DSC to start, change, or discontinue circuits or trunks

and to effect administrative changes.

• State the purpose of a TSR:

– Telecommunications Service Request (TSR). A valid, approved, and funded

telecommunications requirement prepared in accordance with the format in

chapter C3 and submitted to DISA or DISA activities for fulfillment. A TSR may not

be issued except by a specifically authorized TCO.



• State the purpose of a COMSPOT/Communications service advisory:

– Communications Spot (COMSPOT) reports will be submitted by all ships and shore

facilities at any time communication outages or degradations are encountered.

Submit the COMSPOT to the servicing NCTAMS and communications station

respectively, info to the appropriate numbered fleet commander and ISIC. Timely

submissions of COMSPOT reports are required, within thirty minutes of outage.

Updates will be provided every hour or upon significant change in status. If

systems cannot be restored within 48 hours, submission of a CASREP will be sent

in accordance with Joint Force Maintenance Manual. Do not delay CASREP

submission because the cause of the outage is unclear (e.g., transport versus

network). Intermittent outages should be considered for CASREP as well once the

troubleshooting has exceeded the 48 hour window.



• State the purpose of Electronic Key Management System (EKMS):

– EKMS provides the capability and policies for automated generation distribution

and management of electronic key, as well as management of physical key and

non-key COMSEC (Communication Security) related items.

• State the purpose of OTAT/OTAR:

– Over-the-air key transfer (OTAT) Electronically distributing key without changing

the traffic encryption key used on the secured communications path over which

the transfer is accomplished.

– Over-the-air rekeying (OTAR) Changing traffic encryption key or transmission

security key in remote crypto-equipment by sending new key directly to the remote

crypto-equipment over the communications path it secures.



• Describe TEMPEST :

– TEMPEST is the code name given to the investigation, study, and control of

compromising emanations from telecommunications and automated information

processing systems. Visual National Policy for the Control of Compromising

Emanations.

• State the purpose of Emissions Control (EMCON) :

– EMCON is control of all electromagnetic and acoustic radiations, including

communications, radar, EW and sonar. During its imposition, no electronic

emitting device within designated bands, including personal communications

devices, will be operated unless absolutely essential to the mission. The OTC or

his designated subordinate commander is responsible for imposing EMCON.

Enlisted Information Dominance Warfare Specialist (EIDWS) Common Core

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