Enlightenment Spreads Ms. Ramos Why would the Churches and monarchs try to stop the spread.
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Transcript of Enlightenment Spreads Ms. Ramos Why would the Churches and monarchs try to stop the spread.
Enlightenment Spreads
Ms. Ramos
http://www.clipartpal.com/clipart/school/schooldesk_266895.html
Why would the Churches and
monarchs try to stop the spread
of ideas with censorship?
Ms. Ramos
http://www.clipartpal.com/clipart/school/schooldesk_266895.html
Why would the Churches and monarchs try to stop the spread of ideas with censorship?
Because they challenged their authority!
Ms. Ramos
NovelsSalons
Ms. Ramos
http://www.staugustine.net/persian%20letters.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Candide1759.jpg
Ms. Ramos
A Parisian Salon
http://www.pptpalooza.net/
Ms. Ramos
Madame Geoffrin’s Salon
http://www.pptpalooza.net/Ms. Ramos
The Salonnieres
Madame GeoffrinMadame Geoffrin(1699-1777)(1699-1777)
MademoiselleMademoiselleJulie de LespinasseJulie de Lespinasse
(1732*-1776)(1732*-1776)
MadameMadameSuzanne NeckerSuzanne Necker
(1739-1794)(1739-1794)
http://www.pptpalooza.net/
Ms. Ramos
An Increase in Reading
http://www.pptpalooza.net/
Ms. Ramos
Other Female Salons
► Wealthy Jewish women created Wealthy Jewish women created nine of the fourteen salons in nine of the fourteen salons in Berlin.Berlin.
► In Warsaw, Princess Zofia In Warsaw, Princess Zofia Czartoryska gathered around Czartoryska gathered around her the reform leaders of her the reform leaders of Poland-Lithuania.Poland-Lithuania.
► Middle-class women in London Middle-class women in London used their salons to raise money used their salons to raise money to publish women’s writings.to publish women’s writings. Ms. Ramos
Art & Lit Reflect New IdeasPainters: lighter & more informal rococo style
Composers: classical & rococo
Lit: novel -long stories about their own times
Ms. RamosMs. Ramos
Baroque Art
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rubens_Adoration.jpgMs. Ramos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque
Ms. Ramos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trevi_Fountain,_Rome,_Italy_2_-_May_2007.jpg
Ms. Ramos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Estasi_di_Santa_Teresa.jpg
Ms. Ramos
Roccoco
http://www.essential-architecture.com/STYLE/250px-BoucherRococo.jpgMs. Ramos
Music
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach
Bach
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel
Handel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart
Mozart
Ms. Ramos
Despots Embrace New IdeasSome absolute rulers of the
time adopted limited reformsReligious toleranceMonarchs were not willing to
share their power
Ms. Ramos
The spirit of optimism quickly spread throughout Europe. A few monarchs became enlightened despots, changing their systems of government and ruling according to Enlightenment ideas.
• Frederick II, had duty to rule with absolute power
• Also strongly influenced by ideas of Voltaire
• Built powerful military, introduced reforms
Prussia• Elementary
education for all children
• Abolished torture
• Supported most forms of religious tolerance
• Reduced censorship
Reforms • No religious
tolerance for Jews
• Opposed serfdom, did not abolish
• Did not make reforms to achieve justice but to make own rule more powerful
Limitations
Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Ms. Ramos
Russia
• Catherine II became ruler, 1762• Dreamed of establishing order, justice, supporting education,
culture• Read works of, corresponded with Voltaire, Diderot
Limitations
• Intended to free serfs, but would lose support of wealthy landowners• Catherine had no intention of giving up power• Became tyrant, imposed serfdom on more Russians than ever before
Reforms
• Drafted Russian constitution, code of laws• Considered too liberal, never put into practice
Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Ms. Ramos
Enlightenment Ideas SpreadMost radical enlightened despot, Austria
Joseph II, became emperor 1780
Ambitious reform program
Eliminated torture, death penalty
Provided free food, medicine for poor
Granted religious tolerance to Protestants and Jews
Abolished serfdom, laborers to be paid
Changes resisted by nobility, church Ms. Ramos
DespotsCatherine the Great
Joseph II
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
Frederick th
e Great
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia
http://www.internetstones.com/image-files/catherine-the-great-empress-of-russia.jpg
Ms. Ramos
Ms. Ramos
Challenged Beliefs• Writers, philosophers questioned ideas long held as absolute truth• Challenged beliefs in absolute monarchies• Questioned relationship between church and sate• Debated rules and rights of people in society• Promoted ideas reformers and revolutionaries would later use to
change society
• Belief in progress spurred many to enact reforms
• Believed reason could solve any problem, debated ways to make society more just
• Did not accept poverty, ignorance, inequality as facts of life
Reforms • Ideas about power, authority
inspired reforms and revolutions
• American colonists inspired to break free from British monarchy
• Colonists strongly influenced by political views of Locke, Rousseau
Revolutions
Enlightenment Ideas Spread
Draw Conclusions
How successful were the reforms of the enlightened
despots?Answer(s): They were successful but limited by political opposition.
Majority slowly changes
Late 1700s Enlightenment reaches peasants
Ideas w/ war and economic troubles brings revolt
Ms. Ramos