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Hoffer Turbine Flowmeters

Engineering GuideSpecificationsEngineering Selection Ordering Installation

Engineering Guide

Hoffer Turbine Flowmeters

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Table of Contents Turbine Flowmeters

by Hoffer

Turbine Flowmeters

by Hoffer Accurate, Versatile, Economical

PageFlowmeter Selection to Optimizethe Turbine Advantage...........................................................2

Materi al Selection and Construct ion ....................................3

Bearing Selection...................................................................3

Flowmeter Pickup Selection..................................................4

Turbine Flowmeter SignalConditioners/Converters........................................................5

Specifying Flowmeter Calibrations(including viscosit y calibrati ons) ..........................................5

HO Seri es - for Liquid Flow Measurement ...........................7

Specialty Turbine Flowmeters Series..................................10

HO Seri es - for Gas Flow Measurement..............................11

MF Series - Mini-Flowmetersfor Low Flow Applications...................................................13

HP Series - Profile/Insertion Flowmeters...........................15

Mult iple Flowmeter Manifolds ............................................17

Flow Straighteners, Install ation Kits and Strainers...........18

Capabilities and Related Products.......................................18

Ordering Information............................................Back Cover

Turbine flowmeters continue to be the most commonway to measure flow electronically in a wide range of industries.

A review of the advantages turbine flowmeters have tooffer provides insight into the growing popularity of thisversatile flow transducer.

Hoffer tu rbine flowmeter s offer: Wide flow rangeabil ity i n l iquids and gases. Outstanding accuracy at low cost. Wide range of construction materials that permi t

application in many process fluids or gases. Simple, durable, field repair able construction. Flexibi li ty in associated electronic readout devices

for flow rate indication, flow totalization, flowcontrol and computer interface.

Wide variety of process connections. Operati on over a wide range of temperature

and pressure. CE, CSA, Cenelec and various other approvals

available on most products. Intrinsically safe flow systems are available.

Three different flowmeter series are presented in thisguide, applicable to low, medium and high flow rates.They include the Hoffer HO Series of standard turbineflowmeters for liquids and gases; the MF Series of Mini-Flowmeters for liquids and gases; and the Hoffer HPSeries of insertion flowmeters for liquids and gases.These three distinct Hoffer series offer the capability of measuring a wide range of flow rates over equally wideranges of temperature, pressure and other variables.

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Figure 1 Turbine Flowmeter PerformanceCharacteristics (Ref. API) Chapter 5.3

Flow Rate

Flow Range atDesignated Linearity

L i n e a r

i t y

K -F ac t o r

O u t p u t F r e q u e n c y

( H z )

P r e s s u r e L o s s ( P S

I D )

O u t p u t V o

l t a g e ( m V )

P r e s s u r e L o s s ( P S I D )

O u t p u t F r e q u e n c y ( H z )

O u t p u t V o l t a g e ( m V )

K - F

a c t o r ( C Y C / G A L )

PerformanceCharacteristics

The K-Factor is the number of output pulses the flowmeter producesper engineering unit of volume thru-put. The Linear Range is that flow rangeover which the K-Factor is constantwithin the specified limits of linearity.Linearity is a measure of the accuracy of the device, and is the maximumpercentage deviation from the averageK-Factor, K. The Linearity of all Hofferflowmeters is stated as percent of reading. Most other metering devicesstate linearity as a percent of full scale,which implies a derated accuracy. EachHoffer flowmeter is individuallycalibrated and the resulting perform-ance characteristics presented in acomputerized tabular format.

The repeatabilit y of a turbineflowmeter is a measure of the stability of the output under a given set of flowingconditions. The repeatability is definedas the allowable percentage deviationfrom the stated K-Factor at that flowrate. For Hoffer flowmeters, the repeata-

bility is many times smaller than thelinearity error, inferring a much greateraccuracy if the known flow ratedependency of the K-Factor iseliminated by the use of an externallinearizing device.

The turbine flowmeter is an intrusiveflow measurement device, and thereforethe pressure drop characteristic is animport ant consideration. The

performance, as a function of flow rate,is provided as a function of water.Empirical equations are used to estimate

the pressure drop for other fluids. (SeeFigure 5, page 8).

InstallationHoffer turbine flowmeters may be

mounted in any orientati on and aregenerally supported by the processconnections. A wide variety of processconnections are available on Hofferflowmeters to suit almost anyapplication.

Allow an inlet straight pipe run of atleast 10 pipe diameters and outlet piperun of 5 diameters (minimum) of samesize as flowmeter. Flowmeters 3 / 4 andsmaller should have 10 upstream and5 downstream of same size pipe asflowmeter.

Serviceability A complete line of spare parts and

calibrated internal kits are available tothe user which may be stocked at hisdiscretion. Ease of maintenance is one of the key design features of the Hofferflowmeter series. Most minor repairs canbe performed by the customer in thefield.

Typical recommended spare partsinclude a pickup coil and a spare set of bearings for ball bearing flowmeters anda calibrated rotor for sleeve bearingflowmeters.

Flowmeter Selection toOptimize the Turbine

AdvantageThe turbine advantage may be

defined as the unique blend of desirableattributes peculiar to the Hoffer typeflowmeter resulting in a transducer withthe ability to measure wide flow ranges

with outstanding accuracy, at low cost,with a convenient pulse output.Flowmeter selection requires more

than sizing of flow rates and selection of process fittings. The flowmeter must becompati ble with the flowing media to bemeasured and must operate over therequired temperature and pressurerange. In addition, maintenance require-ments must be evaluated consistentwith the installation, service and use.

The following tutorial provides thebackground information required forthe selection of a Hoffer turbineflowmeter. Additional information isavailable from Hoffer in a series of Technical Notes and Product Bulletinson diverse flowmeter products. Productcatalogs are available upon request.

Hoffer Flow Controls stands ready toassist you in your flow measurementapplications with special designswhenever required. Whatever your flowrequirements, Hoffer offers the correctturbine flowmeter for the specificapplication. Contact the applicationsgroup at Hoffer for assistance.

OperationWithin the Hoffer turbine flowmeter,

the flowing media engages a vaned rotorcausing it to rotate at an angularvelocity proportional to flow rate.

The pickup coil senses the spinningmotion of the rotor through thehousing and convert s it into a pulsingelectri cal signal. Summation of thepulsing electri cal signal relates directlyto the total flow, while the frequency islinearly related to fl ow rate.

Figure 1 Turbine Flowmeter PerformanceCharacteristics (Ref. API) Chapter 5.3

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which include Teflon , 4130 Steel,Monel, other grades of stainless steelsuch as 304, Hastalloy, titanium,tantalum and numerous other exoticmaterials.

Selection of the materials of construction is usually dictated by therequirements of media compatibi li ty,availability and cost considerations. Ourapplication engineers stand ready toassist every user in selection of material,

as well as recommending a bearing typecompatible with the intended serviceenvironment.

Bearing SelectionMany bearing types are available

including ball bearings and sleeve typeconstruction in tungsten carbide, hardcarbon composite, Teflon and carbongraphite composition. When selectingamong several chemically compatiblebearings, the ball bearing design offers

the highest accuracy and generally willhave the widest usable range. It remainsthe bearing of choice in many fluids andis required for gas flowmeters.

Tungsten carbide and hard carboncomposite offer the most durablebearing materials in service fluids inwhich they are compatible. Theserepresent the standard bearing type formany industrial service environments.

Teflon and carbon graphitecomposite beari ngs offer properties

which are nearly chemicall y inert tomany corrosive fluids and are utilizedprimarily for this reason.

In turbine flowmeters, the flowingfluid provides the bearing lubrication inmost applications. It may be observedthat fluids which offer a high naturallubricity tend to prolong the life of theflowmeter. Many bearing types offeradvantages in that they provide self lubrications as well as providing a wear

resistant surface. Among these bearingmaterials are carbon graphitecomposites, Teflon and some ballbearing designs.

Bearing life has been found to beapproximately inversely proportional tothe square of the bearing speed. Toprolong the life of the flowmeter, it istherefore advantageous to operate theflowmeter at rates less than themaximum flow rate. For example, if theflowmeter is operated at 1 / 3 of themaximum flow rate, it will wear atapproximately 1 / 10 the rate.

Turbine Flowmeter Cutaway

Riser (Threaded)

Deflector Cones

TurbineRotor

Pickup CoilFlowmeter Housing

Flow Straightener

FlowStraightener

Material Selection and Construction

Hoffer turbine flowmeters areavailable in a broad range of standardand special materials. The wide range of construction options allows for theselection of the optimum combinationof useful range, corrosion resistance andoperating life for a particularapplication. A low mass rotor designallows for rapid dynamic response whichpermits the turbine flowmeter to beused in some pulsating flow applica-tions. The deflector cones eliminatedownstr eam thrust on the rotor andall ow hydrodynamic posit ioning of therotor between deflector cones. Thehydrodynamic posit ioning of the lowmass rotor provides wider rangeabilityand longer bearing life than that of conventional turbine flowmeters.Integral flow straightening tubesminimize the effects of upstream flowturbulence.

The housing is made of nonmagneticmaterials. The rotor is made of magneticor magnetized material. Bearings arechosen based on media service, cost andaccuracy considerations.

Standard materials of constructionare 316 stainless steel for the flowmeterbody and rotor supports. The rotormateri als of construction include 17.4PH SS, Nickel 200 and 430 SS. Manyspecial materials are available, some of

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Quadrature Output OptionWhen a Hoffer turbine flowmeter is

equipped with two pickup coils properlypositi oned on the flowmeter housing, itis possible to sense flow direction, flowrate and total flow as well as add andsubtract options.

The pickup coils generate two outputsignals with a quadrature (90) phase

difference. With suitable electronicphase discriminating circuitry, i t ispossible to provide two separate outputsignals, one of which is related to flowin the forward direction only, with thesecond related to flow in the reversedirection only.

Hoffer turbine flowmeters, unlikemany other t urbines, are built physicallysymmetrical which inherently makes bi-directional flow measurement possiblewith only the addition of a secondpickup, keeping cost considerably lessthan other manufacturers.

Other considerations which maydictate equipping two pickup coils on asingle flowmeter arise from advantagesin the ease of achieving parallel signalprocessing or increased reliability.

A Hoffer electronic system i s alsoavailable for sensing pickup coil failure.

Hazardous &Weatherproof

Environmental Coil EnclosuresThe explosion-proof requirements of

UL Class I, Groups B, C and D, Class IIand NEMA 4X are routinely provided forby enclosing the pickup coil in asuitable housing. Signal condit ionersand converters can readily be mountedon the flowmeter in a suitableenclosure. Unlike most other flowmetertypes, Hoffer turbine flowmeters areinherently safer since they require no

through holes, eliminating t hepossibility of a leak.

I.S. Flow SystemsAn increasing number of process

industry applications are requiringintrinsically safe flow systems. In orderto accommodate this growing need, anumber of Hoffer flow systems areavailable with I.S. certification.

Flowmeter PickupSelection

The flowmeter pickup senses themotion of the rotor and converts it to apulsing electrical signal which is of adiscrete, digital nature.

Hoffer Flow Controls offers severalpickup types suited for different applica-tions. The advantages of each are listedin the following discussion.

High Output Magnetic Pickup Typical Range10:1 (Self Generating)

The standard pickup for t urbineflowmeters 1 inch and larger produce ahigh level sinusoidal output. To producethis, the pickup generates a relativelyhigh magnetic field. The signal may betransmitted to 500 feet without amplifi-cation. A flow range of 10:1 or better iscommon with this pickup type.

Low Drag Magnetic Pickup Typical Range 25:1 (Self Generating)

Low drag magnetic pickups may beused to obtain a flowmeter range of 25:1or better. They offer a significantreduction in drag effects with loweroutput levels and may require preampli-fication prior to transmission. Low dragmagnetic pickups are used extensively inmeter sizes below 1 inch.

Magnetic Pickup Output Signal Characteristics

The output signal voltage of themagnetic coil is approximatelysinusoidal. The frequency range of thepulsing signal varies from size to size.Standard ranges allow for maximum

output frequencies at the nominalmaximum linear flow of 250, 500, 750,1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 Hz.

The amplitude of the output signal isa function of flow rate. The voltage atthe minimum linear flow is greater than30 millivolts peak to peak whenmeasured into a 10,000 ohm load.

On larger size flowmeters, the outputlevel may exceed several volts peak topeak. The DC output resistance of magnetic pickup coils is less than 2000ohms. Detailed impedance characteris-tics are available upon request.

Modulated Carrier Pickup Typical Range100:1 (MCP)

The Hoffer MCP pickup is an activecoil which eliminates pickup drag andrequir es a Modulated Carri er SignalConditioner to be mounted on or nearthe flowmeter. The MCP works on the

principle that the motion of the rotormodulates a high frequency signal. Theconditioner demodulates, filters,amplifies and shapes the resulting signalprior to transmitting it as a high levelsignal. Use of the MCP pickup allows forwider flow ranges than can be achievedwith the low drag magnetic pickups. Thecost compares with that of a preampli-fier for a magnetic pickup. This pickuptype is used extensively when a wideflow range is required or wit hflowmeters that are being used with auniversal viscosity calibration curve(UVC). See Figure 2, page 6. Typically,MCP coils can obtain flowmeter rangesof up to 100:1.

Redi-Pulse Pickup In Magnetic & Modulated Carrier Types

The Redi-Pulse pickup coil includesa self-contained preamplifier which

provides a conditioned pulse output,eli minating the need for peripheralsignal conditioning modules andassociated junction boxes. Turbineflowmeters specified with the magneticcoil will provide the user with aturndown range of 10:1 to 25:1depending on meter size and type of bearings specified. Turbine flowmetersspecified with the modulated carriercoil will provide the user with a usableflow range up to 100:1 when theturbine is specified with ball bearings.

A conditioned pulse output signal maybe transmit ted up to 3000 feet. TheRedi-Pulse pickup coil provides userswith an option when size/weight is anissue and provides greater noiseimmunity when transmitting through anoisy environment. The Redi-Pulse iscertified with the CE mark forcompliance with EMC Directive89/336/EEC.

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Signal Conditioners/Converters

signal which is proportional to the flowrate through the transducer.

The analog output signal may be oneof several voltage and current rangescommonly accepted by electronic dataacquisit ion systems.

The analog output signal may be

transmit ted several hundred feetthrough shielded cable. Enclosures areavailable which allow mounting on ornear the flowmeter, suitable forexplosion-proof and weatherproof environments.

Specifying Flowmeter Calibrations

The standard calibration providedwith all Hoffer turbine flowmetersconsists of a 10 point water calibrationover the linear flow range of the meter.A number of optional flowmeter calibra-tions may also be requested.

A 10 point water calibration over theextended range of the meter may berequested at no additional charge.Additi onal cali brati on points may berequested within the linear range or inthe extended range at additional cost.

Fluids other than water are used tosimulate viscosity conditions from 2 to300 centistokes. Where it is necessary todocument the flowmeters performance

for viscous service, the flowmetercalibration simulates the viscosity aswell as the flow rates anticipated inactual service.

Universal viscosity calibrati on (UVC)curves may be documented for eachHoffer turbine flowmeter where this

information is required to achievemaximum flowmeter accuracy inmedium to high viscosity service (SeeFigure 2).

In general, any flowmeter size may besupplied with a universal viscosity curve;however, since smaller meter sizes(under one inch) display the largestsensitivity of calibration factor toviscosity, it is this size range which isthe most likely to be considered for auniversal viscosity curve.

The universal viscosity curve may be

utilized to determine the K-Factor eithergraphically, or in the case of anintelligent instrument, algorithmicallyfor a measured set of flowing conditions.

Hoffer offers a standard viscositycalibration which consists of ten pointsfor each viscosity required. A typicalUVC curve requires three sets of tenpoints plotted on graph paper as acontinuous curve. In addit ion, Hofferoffers a ten point cali brati on andviscosity curve on a flowmeter at asingle viscosity (up to 300 centistokes)at a nominal additional fee.

Signal ConditioningAll transducer types, whether self

generating or passive (requiringexcitation to generate a usable signal),benefit from the use of integral signalcondit ioning. Among the benefitsprovided by a signal conditioner/ convert er is the provision for the highlevel output signal required by the hostsystem and which minimizes effects onenvironmental interference which mayoccur in remote transmission. These keybenefits result in the preservation of theaccuracy of the basic measurementdevice which usually dictates theaccuracy of the entire measurementand control system.

Hoffer Signal Conditioners forturbine flowmeters provide ampli fica-

ti on, filtering and wave shaping of thelow level flowmeter pickup signal andgenerate a high level pulse output signalsuitable for transmission to a remotehost system through a noisyenvironment.

Several output forms (i.e. TTL/CMOS,open collector, etc.) are available to suitvarious interface requirements. Thepulsing output signal may betransmitted several thousand feet.

Hoffer Signal Convert ers for t urbineflowmeters provide an analog output

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Figure 3 Viscosity Effects on 1" Flowmeter

1.00

.90

.80

.70

20 40 60 80 100% of Maximum Flow Rate

N o r m a l

i z e d

K F a c t o r

Performance Enhancement Techniques

It is possible to adjust the lineari ty,K-Factor and viscosity dependence of aturbine flowmeter for a specific range of flow and viscosity. The technique may benecessary to obtain a higher accuracy

over limited flow ranges and betterlinearity at a given viscosity.

Viscosity Effects on Hoffer Turbine Flowmeters: AnOverview

Hoffer turbine flowmeters may beused over a wide range of viscosity, withthe larger meters being viable over awider viscosity range.

For a given turbine flowmeter sizeand specified flow range, it is observedthat as the viscosity increases, the lowerportion of the flowmeters range is moreaffected than the higher portion of theflowmeters range (See Figure 3).

For a required accuracy of measurement this results in a minimumlinear flow rate increasing as theviscosity increases. There is also a slightchange in the average calibrationconstant K as the viscosity increases.

Selection for ViscousService

In selecting a Hoffer turbineflowmeter for operation in a viscousfluid, it is generally preferable to size theflowmeter so it will be operated in thehigher port ion of i ts range to minimizeviscosity effects in t he measurement.

Due to the cost advantage of using aHoffer turbine flowmeter over otherflowmetering types, Hoffer turbineflowmeters are often used at viscositiesthat introduce some loss in accuracy andsome loss in flow range.

Often, a Hoffer turbine flowmetermay be considered as a candidate for anapplication with derated accuracy of 1% of full scale instead of the standard0.5% (or better) of reading.

In many viscous applications theturbine flowmeter may be used since itremains repeatable under a givenviscosity. Calibration at the operating

viscosity may be used to determine thetrue viscosity dependency. Alternately, aturbine flowmeter may be used overwide viscosity ranges since theflowmeter has a unique, documenteduniversal viscosity curve.

Through proper selection, consistentwith other requirements of t he appli ca-tion, the optimum flowmeter size maybe chosen for a particular application.

Figure 2 Universal Viscosity Curve

6800

6600

6400

6200

6000

K F a c t o r

C y c l e s

/ G a l

l o n

HzCSTKS

10 100 1000 10,000

For performance estimations forviscous service, consult with Hoffersapplication group for recommendations.

In addition, the derating of linearityfor the flowmeters intended service onviscous fluids is a topic of TechnicalNote 19, Linearity Limitations for theHO Series of Inline Turbine Flowmetersin Viscous Service.

Figure 2 Universal Viscosity Curve

Figure 3 Viscosity Effects on 1 Flowmeter

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Flow Rate (GPM)

10

1.0

0.1

0.01

0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000

Chart 1 Sel ector Tabl e Liquid Size Selector Chart for Standard HO Series Turbine Flowmeters

Flowmeter Size Magnetic Pickup Coil Modulated Carrier PickupL inear R ange L inear R ange R epeatable R epeatable L inear R ange L inear R ange R epeatable R epeatable

Inches (US GPM) (LPM) Range Range (US GPM) (LPM) Range Range(Diameter) (US GPM) (LPM) (US GPM) (LPM)

1 / 4 * .35-3.5 1.3-13.2 .25-4.5 .95-17 .35-3.5 1.3-13.2 .0625-4.5 .24-173 / 8* .75-7.5 2.8-28.4 .3-9 1.1-34 .75-7.5 2.8-28.4 .075-9 .28-341 / 2 1.25-9.5 4.7-36 .6-12 2.3-45 1.25-9.5 4.7-36 .12-12 .45-455 / 8 1.75-16 6.6-60.6 .9-20 3.4-75.7 1.75-16 6.6-60.6 .2-20 .75-75.73 / 4 2.5-29 9.5-110 1.5-35 5.7-132.5 2.5-29 9.5-110 .35-35 1.3-132.51 4-60 15-227 2-75 7.6-284 4-60 15-227 .75-75 2.8-284

11 / 4 6-93 23-352 3-115 11.4-435 6-93 23-352 1.15-115 4.35-43511 / 2 8-130 30.3-492 5-175 19-662 8-130 30.3-492 1.75-175 6.6-6622 15-225 56.8-852 11-275 42-1041 15-225 56.8-852 2.75-275 10.4-1041

21 / 2 25-400 95-1514 15-500 56.8-1893 25-400 95-1514 5-500 19-18933 40-650 151-2460 20-800 76-3028 40-650 151-2460 8-800 30.3-30284 75-1250 284-4731 50-1500 189-5678

5 140-2000 530-7570 100-2500 379-94636 200-2900 757-10977 125-3600 473-13626 Modulated Carri er Pi ckup not recommended i n8 330-5200 1249-19682 270-6400 1022-24224 4 and l arger si zes.10 650-8000 2460-30280 540-9800 2044-3709312 1400-12000 5299-45420 800-15000 3028-56775

NOTE: Perform ance enhancement techniques are routinely applied to produce larger li near and useable flow r anges.Consult wi th th e appli cations group at Hoff er wi th your r equir ements.* The li near F low r anges on 1/4 and 3/8 may be derated depending on bearin g selection. Consult applicati ons group for additi onal i nformati on

H O 1 / 4

H O 3 / 8

H O 1 / 2

H O 5 / 8

H O 3 / 4

H O 1

H O 1 1 / 4

H O 1 1 / 2

H O 2

H O 3

H O 4

H O 5

H O 6

H O 8

H O 1 0

H O 1 2

H O 2 1 / 2

Figure 5 Pr essur e Dr op Char t

Pressure Drop Characteristics for HO Series on Liquid Service

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MS Flared Series

The Hoffer series of turbine flowmeters with male37 flare type end fitti ngs per

MS33656 are available in sizesfrom 1 / 4 through 2, with 9overlapping ranges from .2 to 275GPM. Installation kits consisting of mating nuts, sleeves and flared tubingare available as standard items. SeeChart 1, page 8 for available flow rangesand general specifications.

Specifications for HO Liquid SeriesOVERRANGE:150% of maximum flow (intermittently).

LINEARITY: 0.5% of reading ( 0.25% typical) overtabulated linear flow range.

REPEATABILITY: 0.1% (0.05 typical) over tabulatedusage range.

NPT SeriesA series of Hoffer

turbine flowmeters withmale NPT threads areavailable in sizes from 1 / 4through 3, with 11overlapping ranges from .2 to800 GPM. The series usesstandard pipe thread fitting sizesthat are readily available. SeeChart 1, page 8 for available flowranges and general specifications.

Chart 3 Dimensions/PressureRatings for MS Flared Series

Chart 2 Dimensions/PressureRatings for NPT Series

Flowmeter MS (37) WorkingSize Flare End Length Pressure

(Inches) Fittings (Inches) PSI1 / 4 MS33656-8 2.45 50003 / 8 MS33656-8 2.45 50001 / 2 MS33656-8 2.45 50005 / 8 MS33656-10 2.75 50003 / 4 MS33656-12 3.25 42501 MS33656-16 3.50 3850

11 / 4 MS33656-20 3.88 385011 / 2 MS33656-24 4.38 30002 MS33656-32 4.75 2500

Flowmeter NPT End Working

Size Fittings Length Pressure(Inches) (Inches) (Inches) PSI1 / 4 1 / 2 2.45 50003 / 8 1 / 2 2.45 50001 / 2 1 / 2 2.45 50005 / 8 3 / 4 2.75 50003 / 4 3 / 4 3.25 50001 1 3.50 3850

11 / 4 11 / 4 3.88 385011 / 2 11 / 2 4.38 30002 2 4.75 2500

2 1 / 2 2 1 / 2 6.06 22503 3 7.50 2000

P RESSURE DRO P CHARACTERISTICS:See Figure 5, page 8.

AVAILABLE TURN D OWN R ANGE:10:1 to 100:1.

AVAILABLE TEMPERATURE RANGE:-450 F to +450 F Standard.High temperature option to +850 F.Refer to various flowmeter configura-tions for pressure ratings, outline

dimensions and available sizes.

E ND F ITTINGS:Available in NPT, MS and flanged styles.See Charts 2 through 4. Other configu-rations available upon request.

BEARING S TYLES:Ball bearings, sleeve bearings intungsten carbide, carbon/graphitecomposite, Teflon and hard carboncomposite are available.

MATERIALS:316 stainless steel standard. Consultwith applications group for corrosiveapplications. Broad material listavailable. See page 3 of this guide.

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Specialty FlowmetersIn addition to the standard end

fittings of NPT, MS 37 degree flared andANSI flanged types, many special endfittings are routinely supplied. Includedin this group are grooved, Savage highpressure wing-nut, Grayloc , R-Con ,SAE hydraulic flanged fitt ings, DINflanges, ring joint flanges, JIS flangesand others.

Specialty turbine flowmeterproduct lines designed and manufac-tured by Hoffer Flow Controls

include our *STAR* Seri es of lowcost, industrial turbine meters, APISeries of custody transfer turbineflowmeters, 3A certified Sanitaryturbine flowmeters and Teflon Seriesfor corrosive or ultr apure flow applica-tions. Contact our applications group foradditional information.

Grayloc i s a registered trademark of Gray Tool Co. R-Con is a registered trademark of Reflange Inc. Teflon i s a registered trademark of E.I. DuPont de

Nemours and Company, Inc.

ANSI Flanged SeriesA series of Hoffer turbine flowmeters

with flanged type end fittings is availablein sizes from 1 / 4 through 12 with 17overl apping r anges from .2 to 15,000GPM. The series uses standard ANSIraised face flanges which are theworkhorse fitti ngs of the industry. SeeChart 1, page 8 for available flow ranges

and general specifications. Pressureratings from 150# through 2500# areavailable.

Chart 4 Dimensions for ANSI Flanged SeriesANSI E nd 150#, 300#

Flowmeter Connection 400#, 600# 900#, 1500# 2500#Size Size Length Length Length

(Inches ) (Inches ) (Inches ) (Inches ) (Inches1 / 4 1 / 2 5 7 73 / 8 1 / 2 5 7 71 / 2 1 / 2 5 7 75 / 8 3 / 4 51 / 2 7 73 / 4 3 / 4 51 / 2 7 71 1 5 1 / 2 8 8

11 / 4 11 / 4 6 8 811 / 2 11 / 2 6 9 92 2 6 1 / 2 9 9

2 1 / 2 2 1 / 2 7 10 103 3 10 10 114 4 12 12 125 5 14 14 146 6 14 14 16

8 8 16 16 1810 10 20 20 2212 12 24 24 24

PRODUCT LEGEND:

a - API Series b - Teflon Series c - Hi gh Pressure Wing

Nut Series

d - Star Series e - SAE Hydraulic Flange f - Gr ooved Series g - Custom Mil itary Flange h - Sanitary Seri es

ANSI Flanged

ab

c

de

f

g h

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Gas Flow Measurement with HO Series Turbine

FlowmetersHoffer turbine flowmeters offer high

accuracy measurement of the volumetricflow of gases over wide ranges and may

be used as the flow transducer in manygas measurement applications.The Hoffer t urbine flowmeter

measures the actual volume displace-ment flowing in a line (ACF or ACFM).Flow measurement in CFM (SCF orSCFM) and pounds per hour may beprovided through use of a Hoffer gasflow computer.

Specifications for Gas FlowmetersOVERRANGE:150% of maximum flow (intermittently).

P RESSURE DRO P CHARACTERISTICS:See Figure 6, page 12.

F LOW RANGE:See Chart 5, below.

REPEATABILITY: 0.25% over usable range.

TEMPERATURE RANGE:-450 F to +350 F.

ConstructionThe Hoffer HO Series of gas turbine

flowmeters is available with standardflanged, 37 flared, NPT or special endfittings. Flared and flanged endconnections are best suited due to theeven t ransit ion at the connection.Hazardous and weatherproof coilenclosures are available.

Wide rangeability and long termaccuracy in gas service are a result of aflowmeter design which minimizes drageffects. All gas meters are equipped withspecial self l ubricating long li fe ballbearings and low drag magnetic,modulated carr ier or Redi-Pulse pickups.

Selection of a Hoffer HOSeries Turbine

Flowmeter for Gas Measurement

The Hoffer turbine flowmeter shouldbe chosen so that it is operated withinits linear range. The capacity of aturbine flowmeter is based on the actualvolumetri c flow rate limitati ons throughthe transducer and is expressed in actualcubic feet per minute (ACFM). The lower

Chart 5 Gas Size Selector Chart for Standard HOTurbine Flowmeters

* Thi s chart i s for quick reference only and not for fi nal size.Calculate usi ng actual servi ce condit i ons, refer to Case 1 or 2 on Page 12.

(*Based on a Gas Density of 1#/FT3

) (*Based on a Gas Density of .25#/FT3

)Flowmeter Repeatable Range* Repeatable Range* Repeatable Range* Repeatable Range*

Size (Inches) ACF/M ACF/M ACF/M ACF/MDiameter (Magnetic Pickup) (MCP Pickup) (Magnetic Pickup) (MCP Pickup)

1 / 2 to 1 / 4 N/A .15-3.5 N/A .3-3.51 / 2 to 3 / 8 N/A .3-5 N/A .6-5

5 / 8 N/A .5-10 N/A 1-103 / 4 N/A .6-20 N/A 1.2-201 2.5-43 .8-43 5-43 1.6-43

11 / 4 3.5-100 1.25-100 7-100 2.5-10011 / 2 5.0-120 1.75-120 10-120 3.5-120

2 10-200 3.5-200 20-200 7-20021 / 2 15-500 5-500 30-500 10-5003 20-600 7.5-600 40-600 15-6004 30-1100 N/A 60-1100 N/A5 40-1800 N/A 80-1800 N/A6 50-3000 N/A 100-3000 N/A8 100-4800 N/A 200-4800 N/A

10 150-7500 N/A 300-7500 N/A12 200-12000 N/A 400-12000 N/A

11

Typical HO Series Gas Flow System

Flowstar Temperature Probe Pressu re ProbeDisplay shows typical self diagnostics.

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limit of operation is a function of the gasdensity. Hoffer offers computer aidedselection and design assistance for sizingthe proper Hoffer flowmeter for eachappli cation. Contact our appli cationsgroup.

Alternately, preliminary gas metersizing may be accomplished with thefollowing procedure.

Obtain the following information:

1. Desired flow rate rangeMIN: MAX:

2. Line pressure rangeMIN: MAX:

3. Line temperature rangeMIN: MAX:

4. Type of gas5. Line size

CASE 1 For Applications with

Constant OperatingTemperature and Pressure

The density of gas must bedetermined at operating temperatureand pressure. Density is calculated byusing Chart 6 and the foll owingequation:

EQUATION 1STP x 36 x P

Densit y= T

WhereSTP= Density of gas as determined

by Chart 6 in lb/cu. ft.P= Pressure in PSIA

(PSIA=PSIG + 14.7)T= Temperature in degrees

Rankine (T = F + 460)Maximum flow rate must be

determined in actual cubic feet perminute as follows:

EQUATION 2

TACFM max = SCFM max x P x 36

WhereP = Operating Pressure in PSIA =

PSIG + 14.7T = Operating Temperature in

degrees Rankine = F + 460SCFM = Standard Cubic Feet

per Minute

To determine minimum flow rate,repeat above calculation using SCFMmin. Using the determined minimumand maximum flow rates and gasdensity, select proper size gas meter byusing Chart 5 and Figure 6.

CASE 2 For Applications withVarying Temperature

and PressureDetermine minimum density at

maximum temperature and minimumpressure using Equation 1.

Determine maximum density atminimum t emperature and maximumpressure using Equation 1.

Minimum flow rate is thendetermined by using Equation 2, whereminimum flow rate is in SCFM,maximum pressure, and minimumtemperature are the parameters used.

Maximum flow rate is thendetermined by using Equation 2, wheremaximum flow rate in SCFM andminimum temperature are theparameters used.

Options and AccessoriesThe measurement of gas is often

described in equivalent gas volume at areference condit ion of pressure andtemperature or in terms of mass flow.Since the pressure and temperature of flowing gas is rarely constant, a Hoffergas flow computer with temperature andpressure compensation is required foraccurate measurement. By accepting thesignals from a field mounted

(STP)Standard

Common Symbol Density Gases Condition*

(lb / cu ft)

Acetylene C 2H2 0.06770Air 0.07519Ammonia NH 3 0.04425Argon A 0.10341Carbon Dioxide CO 2 0.1142Carbon Monoxide CO 0.07246Ethane C 2H6 0.07813Helium He 0.01035Hydrogen H 2 0.00522Methane CH 4 0.04219Natural Gas 0.04494Nitrogen N 2 0.07246Oxygen O 2 0.08265Sul phur Dioxide SO 2 0.16949* Standard condit i ons of 14.7 psia and 70 F.

Chart 6

temperature and pressure transducer,and combining these variables with thesignal from the Hoffer turbineflowmeter, accurate measurement of gasflow in SCF or SCFM is routinelyachieved. The gas flow is calculatedaccording to the following relationship:

P f Tr Vr = V f x xPr T f Where V is volume flow, P is pressure,

T is temperature and where subscripts rand f indicate reference and flowingcondit ions, respecti vely. The pressureand temperature are measured on anabsolute scale.

The combined gas law relationship isapplicable to many industrial gases atlow and medium pressures.

Gas temperature and pressurecompensation options are available forall digital flow measurement by Hoffer.

0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000

0.01

0.1

1.0

10

1 / 4 3 / 8 5 / 8 3 / 4 1 1 1 / 4

1 1

/ 2 2 2 1 / 2 3 4 5 6 8 1 0 1 2

Figure 6 Pressure Drop Characteristic for Gas Flowmeters

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Figure 7 Pressure Drop Characteristics on Water for the MF Series on Liquid Service

.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0

100

10

1.0

0.1

M F 2 0

M F 3 0

M F 4 0

M F 5 0

M F 6 0

M F 7 0

M F 8 0

M F 9 0

M F 1 0 0

M F 1 2 5

M F 1 5 0

M F 1 7 5

MF SeriesMini-Flowmeters for Low Flow Liquid Applications

bearings are available in all sizes. Sleevebearings are available in sizes MF 40 toMF 175. MF 20 and MF 30 require theuse of an MCP pickup coil.

The standard output frequency rangeis from 50 to 2000 Hz.

SpecificationsLINEARITY: 1% or better (after li neari zati on) overa 10:1 flow range.

REPEATABILITY:0.25 or better.

F LOW RANGES:0.02-3.5 GPM (magnetic pickup) in 10:1flow range. 0.007-3.5 GPM (modulatedcarrier) in 25:1 flow range.

Output Characteristicsof Hoffer Mini-Flowmeter Series

The basic characteristics of the Mini-Flowmeter Series are depicted in Figures8 and 9, page 14. The Hoffer Mini-Flowmeters establish a linear responseafter an initial offset correction.

The frequency versus flow isessentially a straight line which does notpass through zero. The correspondingK-Factor before and after linearization isalso shown.

MATERIALS:Standard construction 316 SS with 17.4PH SS rotor. Seals Rulon-J standard.Others available, contact Hoffersapplication group.

TEMPERATURE:Ranges available from -450 F to+450 F.

E ND F ITTINGS:

Standard end fittings are 1 / 2 flared perMS 33656-8. For NPT and flanged endfittings see the MS installation kitssection of this catalog.

BEARINGS:Ball bearings available in all sizes. Sleevebearings available for MF40 to MF175.

P RESSURE:Pressure rating determined by sealconfiguration and material. 1000 PSIstandard with viton seals (5000 PSIavailable).

COI L E NCLOSURE:Hazardous and weatherproof coilenclosures are available.

MF Series Mini- Flowmeters for Low Flow Gas Applications

The MF Series Mini-Flowmeters maybe applied as a high accuracy flowtransducer for many low gas flowapplications. Mini-Flowmeters for gasare available in six different sizes andover a flow range of .005 to 1 ACFM(.143 to 28.3 LPM). Flowmeterturndown range is dependent on gasdensity.

Request the Mini-FlowmeterEngineering Guide for complete detailson the gas flow capabilities of this series.

The Hoffer Mini-Flowmeter Series isa family of low flow rate measurementdevices based on a pelton wheel-likerotor. The series offers flowmeasurement from .007 to 3.5 GPM intwelve over-lapping ranges.

The Hoffer MF Series is suitable forservice in clean, low viscosity liquids andgases. The device requires the use of ali neari zati on opti on avail able in allHoffer flow measurement instrumenta-tion. Accuracies of 1% of reading aretypical after initial offset correction.

Size selection may be accomplishedby referring to Chart 7, page 14 andFigure 7, below. The flow rangeturndown ratio of 10 to 1 is standard.Bearing and pickup selecti on mayincrease or reduce this figure. Ball

13

Figure 7 Pressure Drop Characteristic on Water for the MF Series on Liquid Service

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Figure 9 NormalizedMini-Flowmeter Calibration Curve

% of Maximum Flow Rate

N o r m a l i z e d

K - F a c

t o r

Ideal

Actual

1.00

.90

.80

10 50 100

Mini-Flowmeter Totalization and Rate

IndicationThe standard Hoffer Series of digital

flow totalizers, digital flow rateindicators and signal conditioners maybe used with the Hoffer Mini-Flow Seriesby addition of the linearization option.

Mini-Flowmeter Linearization by Offset Frequency Injection

For flow totalization, flow rateindication and data acquisitionapplication, Hoffer provides a low costelectronic signal processing option tocompensate for the frequency offsetcharacteri stic of the Mini-Flowmeters.

The method of linearization by offsetfrequency injection i s implemented

electronically by adding a signal equal tothe offset frequency to the actual outputof the Mini-Flowmeter. This effectivelyshifts the output characteristic to that of the ideal.

The Mini-Flowmeter Lineari zeroption accomplishes this by providingfor the thumbwheel entry of the offsetfrequency along with a low flow cutoff gate which turns off the offset frequencyon condit ions of no flow.

Hoffer signal convert ers may uti li zean alternate method to compensate forthe offset occurring in a Mini-Flowmeter. The technique is tointroduce an analog offset to the outputof the signal converters such that theinput/output characteristic of the Mini-Flowmeter and accessory will appear tohave been offset, compensated overnormal flowing conditions. Thistechnique requires no additional signalprocessing circuitry other than a spanand zero adjustment and can be appliedto flow rate converters. Factory calibra-tions normally provide the user with aprecalibrated Mini-Flowmeter andconverter pair calibrated with the usersdesired flow span and analog range.

Calibrations of Hoffer Mini-Flowmeters

In addition to the standard

calibration data, the offset frequency andmean K-Factor after lineari zation areprovided with all Hoffer Mini-Flowmeters.

Each Hoffer Mini-Flowmeter can becali brated under the conditions of flowrate and viscosity it will see in actualservice.

Linear Range Minimum Usable Maximum UsableFlowmeter Minimum Maximum W/MCP W/MAG All Pickups

Size GPM CC/M GPM CC/M GPM CC/M GPM CC/M GPM CC/M

MF 20* .015 57 .049 185 .007 26.5 N/A N/A .065 250MF 30* .017 65 .120 450 .0085 32 N/A N/A .150 575MF 40 . 020 75 .150 575 .010 38 .015 57 .200 750

MF 50 .023 85 .200 750 .013 50 .020 75 .350 1325MF 60 .025 95 .250 950 .015 57 .025 95 .500 1900MF 70 .050 190 .500 1900 .030 115 .0375 140 .750 2850MF 80 .075 285 .750 2850 .040 150 .050 190 1.000 3750MF 90 .085 325 .850 3200 .050 200 .065 250 1.250 4750MF100 .100 375 1.00 3750 .060 225 .075 283 1.600 6000MF125 .130 490 1.30 4900 .075 275 .100 375 2.100 8000MF150 .200 750 2.00 7500 .080 300 .125 475 3.000 11500MF175 .300 1150 3.00 11500 .100 375 .150 575 3.500 13250

* Requi res the use of a Modulated Carri er Range Extendin g Pickup.

Chart 7 Flow Rate Capability

Figure 8 Mini-Flowmeter Output Characteristic

Flow Rate (GPM)Fos

F r e q u e n c y

H z

LinearizedOutput

Unlinearized Output

Figure 8 Mini-Flowmeter Output Characteristic

Figure 9 NormalizedMini-Flowmeter Calibration Curve

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Hoffer Series HP Profile/Insertion Flowmeter

The Hoffer HP Series of insertionturbine flowmeters are designed formeasuring liquid and gas flow inmedium to large diameter pipes with theaccuracies inherent in the turbine

flowmeter at a substantially lower pricethan inline flowmeters.Insertion flowmeters are designed to

be installed, removed and positionedwithout int errupting the pipeli ne flow.This is accomplished by mounting aretractable insert ion flowmeter on anisolating valve installed on the processline. This technique eliminates shutdown in installation and servicing whenused in conjunction with hot taptechniques.

Several versions are availableincluding fixed, adjustable and bi-directional configurations. In addition, anumber of process fittings, bearing typesand materials of construction may besupplied to suit the demands of varyingapplications.

Among the advantages of using theinsertion flowmeter are ease of installa-tion and removal and the low pressuredrop that can be realized. The cost of theHoffer insertion flowmeter is substan-ti all y less than that of the inl ine turbineflowmeters for applications in large pipediameters.

Principle of OperationThe Hoffer HP Series profile/insertion

flowmeter consists of a turbine rotor andsupport assembly which provides anoutput signal that is proportional to flowvelocity.

The flow media causes a vaned rotorassembly to spin at a rate proport ionalto the velocity of the media. The motionof the rotor in turn generates theelectrical output signal.

In general, a velocity measurementtaken at one point is used to infer theaverage flow through the pipe. Aknowledge of the fluid properties of themedia and the cross sectional area of thepiping make this possible.

Velocity profile and swirl patternmeasurements may be obtained sincecontrolled movement in two axis(insertion depth and axial rotation) ispossible.

ApplicationThe Hoffer HP Series profile/

insertion flowmeters have been designedto measure flow in pipe diameters 4inches and greater.

To accurately measure the flow of fluid in a large diameter pipe it isnecessary to locate the sensor at the

Series HP Insertion Flowmeter

insert ion depth corresponding to theaverage velocity. When located at a pointother than that corresponding to theaverage velocity (for example, in thecenter of the pipe) a scale factor must beincluded relating the centerline flow tothe average flow.

Conduit Enclosure

Alignm ent Handle

Reference Markingson Stem

Locking Clamp

Turbine RotorAssembly

NPT EndConnection

PressureReleas e Valve

Safet y Cable

15

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From the geometry of the pipesection, the flow rates and mediaproperties, it is possible to calculate thecalibration constant for the meteringsection.

The output signal may be scaled toread in engineering units of velocity,volume or mass (given the calibration of the rotor assembly and the details of thepiping) by Hoffers flow measurementsystems. Flow rate indication, totaliza-tion, batching and blending aretherefore possible as well as gastemperature and pressure compensation.

Adjustable Insertion Flowmeter

The Hoffer HP Series flowmeterconsists of a support assembly, turbinerotor and pickup coil which provides apulse output signal which i s propor-

tional to media flow.The support assembly portionconsists of a stem, stem mountinghousing, handle and conduit enclosure.The stem is graduated in inches to aid ininsertion to desired depth and has apickup coil located within it s interior.The stem housing provides the necessarysealing action. The handle is used toalign the flowmeter to the properorientation. The conduit enclosure isused as a junction box with connectionsfor the flowmeter or alternately as an

enclosure for a signalconditi oner or two wiretransmitter.

The standard adjustable11 / 2 insertion flowmeterrotor can mountthrough a 2 isolationvalve with a minimumID of 11 / 2 inches.

The standardadjustable 2 insertionflowmeter rotor canmount through a 2or 3 valve with aminimum ID of 2.

Fixed Insertion Flowmeter

The Hoffer HP Series basic fixedconstruction is similar to the adjustabletype except a mounting flange is weldeddirectly to the stem. This economyversion may not be used for hot tapapplications. The configuration,however, may be applied to achieve acost savings over inline turbineflowmeters and where operatingpressures exceed that of the standardadjustable configuration. The flowmeteris intended to be mounted through aflanged T-assembly.

Bi-Directional Insertion Flowmeter

The Hoffer HP Series bi-directionalinsertion flowmeter has the capability to

detect the direction as well as the mag-nitude of fluid flow. The bi-directionalinsertion flowmeter uses two low dragmagnetic pickup coils positioned togenerate a quadrature output signalcompatible with an electronic flowmeasurement option available in allHoffer electronic flow measurementsystems. Indication of forward andreverse flow may then be provided in avariety of ways.

The Hoffer bi-directional flowmetermounts through a four inch NPT

isolation valve all owing for hottap installation and removal

from the line without flowinterruption.

A less expensive fixeddepth insertionflowmeter is availablefor installation on athree inch matingflange for those applica-tions that can be shutdown for installationand servicing.

The adjustable bi-directionalinsertion flowmeter can mount througha 4 valve with a minimum bore of 3 5 / 8inches.

Flanges of any size can be ordered onany of the above Hoffer insertionflowmeters to accommodate a flangedvalve with the proper ID.

SpecificationsF LOW R ANGES:LIQUIDUsable Range 0.25 to 50 FPS.Standard Linear Ranges:

5 to 50 FPS.2 to 20 FPS.1 to 10 FPS.

Minimum Usable Flow Rate:0.25 FPS with 2 Rotor.0.5 FPS with 1 1 / 2 Rotor.

GASUsable Range 5 to 250 FPS.Standard Linear Ranges:

25 to 250 FPS.10 to 100 FPS.

Minimum Usable Flow Rate:Dependent on gas density.Consult with appli cations group.

LINEARITY:LIQUID 1% in 10:1 flow turndownratios.GAS 2% in 10:1 flow turndown rati os(typically).

REPEATABILITY: 0.25% Standard.

MAXIMUM OPERATING P RESSURE:150 PSI for adjustable lowpressure model.1000 PSI for fixed model.High pressure models up to 2500 PSIflanges in adjustable and fixed styles.

TEMPERATURE RANGES:

Dictated by bearing and seal type.Consult with applications group forrecommendations.

INSERTION LENGTH:Available in l engths to accommodatepipe sizes from 4 to 72 for bothadjustable and fixed styles.

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will cause the systemto fall into anunpowered statewhich can not resultin an overrange of the smallerflowmeter.

The Hoffermanifold system canbe custom made tothe users flowrequirements withend con-necti ons forflanged, flared orNPT options.Contact Hoffersapplication group fordetails.

Available Bearing TypesAvailable in ball bearings, tungsten

carbide and hard carbon compositesleeve. Consult with applications groupfor other types.

Process End FittingsS TANDARD

2 NPT male pipe threads.2 150# RF flange.

The Hoffer turbine offers a wideusable flow range, however, applicationsmay ari se where the fl ow range require-ments exceed that of a single turbineflowmeter.

Multiple flowmeter manifoldassemblies consisting of two Hofferflowmeters are available which offer flowturndown ratios of many hundred toone. Shown schematically in Figure 10,the meter manifold uses a bypass valveand electronic control option which areavail able on all the ElectronicInstrument Seri es. They are used todivert the flow through the appropriateflowmeter.

In choosing the piping configurationcomponents, care must be exercised toassure that failure of power, or air supply

HIGH PRESSURE2500 PSI* fixed model.2500 PSI* high pressure adjustablemodel.* (Dependent on process connection and temperatur e)

BI-DIRECTIONAL3 NPT male pipe threads.3 150# RF flange.

F IXED

2 or 3 RF flange.150#, 300#, 600#, 900#, 1500# and2500# are available.

MaterialsS TE M, STEM MOUNTING HOUSING ANDROTOR SUPPORT are 316 stainless steel.

S EAL MATERIALS: Teflon , viton, othersavailable.

ROTOR: Ni 200, 430, or 17.4 SS.

High Pressure AdjustableFixed FlangeLow Pressure Adjustable

Multiple Flowmeter Manifolds

17

115 VAC

Flow

TFM-1Large

Flowmeter

V1BypassValve

Figure 10 Flowmeter Manifold

TFM-2SmallFlowmeter

Manifold ElectronicsFlowstar Series

Figure 10 Flowmeter Manifold

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Capabilities and Related Products

In addition to the HO Series, HPProfi le insert ion flowmeters and Mini -Flowmeters, Hoffer Flow Controls offersa number of specialty series flowmetersincluding t he foll owing.

3A-Sanitary Series - 3A approved

flowmeters.STAR Series - Low-cost, industrialturbine flowmeters.

High Pressures Wingnut Series -rated to 15,000 PSI.

Grooved Series - Oil patch turbineflowmeters for clean liquids andcement/sand slurry applications.

Grayloc Series - High pressureflowmeters for typical pressures of 10,000 to 20,000 PSI.

PTFE Series - Teflon axial turbineflowmeters for ultrapure water applica-

tions and corrosive service.API Series - Custody transfer turbineflowmeters providing linearities of .15to .25% of reading.

Hoffer Flow Controls also offers acomprehensive line of electronicsincluding signal conditioners,converters, indicators, controllers andcryogenic flow systems.

Hoffer offers the Flowstar FlowComputer Series. This series includes avariety of flow computers to handle flowappli cations ranging from simplevolumetric flow rate indication/totaliza-tion to mass flow measurement withcorrection for super compressibility.Standard features include flowmeterlinearization and RS-232, 422, or RS-485communications.

The Flowstar Series is factoryprogrammed when purchased with aHoffer turbine flowmeter. This Series isdesigned to accept inputs from a numberof different types of flowmeters, as wellas turbine flowmeters. Please inquirewith the applications group.

Flow Straighteners, Installation Kits and Strainers

Proper application of the Hofferturbine flowmeter requires a suitablepiping section to achieve optimumaccuracy. For flowmeters 1 and larger,an inlet straight pipe run of 10 pipediameters and an outlet straight piperun of 5 pipe diameters provides thenecessary flow conditioning in general.Flowmeters 3 / 4 and smaller should have10 upstream and 5 downstream of thesame size pipe as the flowmeter. Someapplications require an upstream flowstraightener. Such applications include

custody transfer. A flow straightenerconsists of a section of piping whichcontains a suitable dimensioned andpositioned thin walled tube cluster toeliminate fluid swirl.

Flanged flow straightening sectionsare available from 1 / 2 to 12 line sizeswith mating fi tt ings in pressure ratingsfrom 150# to 2500# ratings. Beveledtype end fittings for welding are alsoavailable.

MS Installation KitsInstallation kits for the MS endfittings consist of two lengths of stainless steel tubing cut to a lengthappropriate for the upstream anddownstream straight pipe run and flaredat one end. Mating sleeves and nuts areincluded. The kits may be convenientlybutt welded into the users piping.

Alternately, the kits may be providedwith NPT or flanged connections tofacilitate installation of the smallerflowmeters into existing lines. Thisadapted form of the installation kit is

recommended for use with the HofferMini-Flowmeter since only MS endfittings are offered in the Mini-FlowSeries.

Flow straightening sections may beprovided within the installation kit .

MS installation kits are available intubing sizes from 1 / 2 to 2.

Strainers/FiltersA str ainer/filt er may be required to

reduce the potential hazard of fouling or

damage that may be caused by foreignmatter. Strainers/filters arerecommended to be used with the HofferMini-Flow Series.

ParticleMeter Mesh S ize Max.S ize S ize (inches )

MF Series 100 .00551 / 4 to 1 / 2 100 .00555 / 8 to 1-1 1 / 4 80 .0071-11 / 2 to 3 40 .0154 to 12 20 .031

CablesTwo conductor, shielded cabling

recommended for the Hoffer t urbineflowmeter is generally available in mostindustrial settings. However, Hofferstocks cabling for user convenience.Cabling is avail able cut to length withdressed end connections.

Installation Kits

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107 Kitty Hawk Lane P.O. Box 2145 Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27906-21451-800-628-4584 (252) 331-1997 FAX (252) 331-2886

Corporate History For over 30 years, Hoffer Flow

Controls has been designing andmanufacturing quali ty t urbineflowmeters and related processmeasurement and control instrumenta-tion. Our initial experience was in thefield of cryogenic flow measurement.Today our reputation in this field is

synonymous with quality.Tens of thousands of Hoffer turbine

flowmeters are on the job todaythroughout the world in applicationsranging from oil well fractur ing to foodprocessing. Providing turbineflowmeters of varying configurations isour specialty. Our broad line of state-of-the-art electronics enables Hoffer tohandle a variety of flow applicationsroutinely. Totally new designs fromHoffer allow near custom applicationsfor a wide range of process operationswhich include indicating, blending,batching, controlling, telemeteringand data logging.

Ordering InformationPlease supply the fol lowing basic

information so that Hoffer FlowControls can evaluate your applicationand correctly size the appropriate Hofferturbine flowmeter.

1. Description of fluid or gasto be metered.

2. Line size.

3. End connection preference.4. Operating temperature range.5. Operating pressure range.6. Operating flow rates.7. Viscosity (if applicable).8. Functional description.

A detail ed application/order form is available on our web sit e at www.hofferflow.com .

The qualit y system coveri ng the design, manufact ure and testing of our products is cert ifi ed to In ternat ional Stan dard ISO 9001.

TUV Rheinl and fN thA i