English-Yorùbá Glossary of HIV, AIDS and Ebola-Related Terms · 2017-11-24 · ENGLISH-YORÙBÁ...

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English-Yorùbá Glossary of

HIV, AIDS and Ebola-Related Terms

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English-Yorùbá Glossary of

HIV, AIDS and Ebola-Related Terms

edited by

Luqman Ayodele Yusuff

Adedotun Adetunji

Clement Odoje

UNIVERSITY PRESS PLC

IBADAN

2017

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University Press PLC

IBADAN ABA ABEOKUTA ABUJA AJAH AJEGUNLE AKURE BENIN IKEJA IKORODU ILORIN IJEBU-ODE

JOS KADUNA KANO MAIDUGURI MAKURDI MINNA ONITSHA OSOGBO OWERRI

PORT HARCOURT WARRI YABA ZARIA

© Luqman A. Yusuff, Adedotun Adetunji, Clement Odoje (eds) 2017

First Published 2017

All Rights Reserved

ISBN: 978 978 940 259 5

Published by University Press PLC

Three Crowns Building, Jericho, P.M.B. 5095, Ibadan, Nigeria

E-mail: [email protected]

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Toll free line 0800 877 5264

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Introduction

This English-Yorùbá Glossary of HIV, AIDS and Ebola-related terms contains over 1,500 clear and concise entries

covering most aspects of HIV, AIDS and Ebola discourses. Translated by a team of language and medical experts, the

entries are accessible, and complemented by explanations relating to the nature and symptoms of each medical term.

Created especially with both medical practitioners and health care consumers in mind, the bilingual glossary provides

authoritative and lucid definitions for a wide range of terms in the HIV, AIDS and Ebola debate as well as practices and

health conditions related to the epidemics. Entries reflect diseases, signs, symptoms, drugs, drug administration, disease

management and control, techniques and equipment, health service organizations, treatment, tests and screening,

prevention, safe behaviour and procedures.

The main purpose of the glossary is to strengthen communication between the Yoruba-speaking population and the health

workers serving them. In doing this, the aim is to facilitate dialogue by eliminating linguistic and cultural barriers. It is

hoped that the use of appropriate terms in indigenous languages in talking about HIV, AIDS and Ebola will help to reduce

stereotypes and attitudes which continue to stigmatize people living with these conditions.

This glossary is the outcome of a fruitful collaboration between medical experts (medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists and

microbiologists) and language experts. The study was made possible by the generous financial support of the Tertiary

Education Trust Fund (TETFund) through its National Research Fund. We thank the University of Ibadan, Usmanu

DanFodiyo University, Sokoto, Bayero University, Kano, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,

University College Hospital, Ibadan, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Murtala Muhammed Specialist

Hospital, Sokoto, Usmanu DanFodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, and Catholic Caritas Foundation of Nigeria

(CCFN), Makurdi for research support and for weeks of research leave.

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We acknowledge the supportive roles of the following members of staff of the University of Ibadan: Prof. Kola Owolabi of

Yoruba Language Centre, Prof. Obododimma Oha of Department of English, Prof. Arinpe Adejumo of Department of

Linguistics, Prof. A.B. Ekanola of Department of Philosophy, Mr A.O. Ojelabi (the former Director of Academic

Planning), Prof. Isaac Adewole (the former Vice Chancellor) and Prof. Idowu Olayinka (the current Vice Chancellor). The

commitment of members of the research team and of both the language and medical experts has been crucial to the

successful completion of this project.

Methodology

From November 23, 2015 to January 23, 2016, we were able to carry out data collection in 10 states of Nigeria, namely

Anambra, Ekiti, Enugu, Imo, Kano, Katsina, Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, and Sokoto. This exercise involved visits to major

hospitals, Ebola management centres, media houses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (with focus on

HIV/AIDS) to collect terminologies which are regularly used in their daily activities. The glossary also draws terms from

UNAIDS and UNESCO online resources, and from existing medical dictionaries such as Oxford Concise Medical

Dictionary (8th edition), New Concise Medical Dictionary (5th edition), and Stedman’s Medical Dictionary (28th edition).

Additional source materials include newspaper write-ups and articles on Ebola in Nigeria, Liberia, Guinea and Sierra

Leone.

To be able to translate the terms, the research team and experts held a series of workshops. From September 28-30, 2015,

we organized a metalanguage workshop on HIV, AIDS and Ebola vocabulary in Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. The workshop,

which was believed to be the first step towards actualising the goal of this project, was in two parts. The first part of the

workshop, which took place on September 28, was a training workshop. The interactive workshop (involving presentations

and discussions) was aimed at training the participants on lexical modernization, and particularly on how to compile a

metalanguage for HIV, AIDS and Ebola terminology in the three languages. The second part, which was a specialized

workshop, took place on September 29 and 30. Language and medical experts for each language as well as some interested

individuals shared information and made suggestions regarding the compilation of the metalanguage in their own

languages. Many of the terms, which we translated before the workshop, were assessed.

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At the end of the translation of the entries, there were workshops at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka from April 18-21,

2016 (to consider and agree on the translated HIV, AIDS and Ebola terminology in Igbo); at the University of Ibadan from

April 25-28, 2016 (to consider and agree on the translated HIV, AIDS and Ebola terminology in Yoruba); and at the

Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University, Sokoto from July 11-14, 2016 (also to consider and agree on the translated HIV, AIDS

and Ebola terminology in Hausa). Many of the translated terms have been verified with several members of the Network of

People Living With HIV and AIDS in Nigeria (NEPWHAN), Society for Women and AIDS in Africa, Nigeria (SWAN),

and the media in the three languages concerned.

Herbert Igboanusi

Principal Researcher

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Members of the Yoruba medical terminology team

1. Prof. Tope Omoniyi (Roehampton University, UK)

2. Dr Adedotun Adetunji (University College Hospital, Ibadan)

3. Prof. Harrison Adeniyi (Lagos State University)

4. Dr Demola Lewis (University of Ibadan)

5. Mrs Yetunde Afolabi (University College Hospital, Ibadan)

6. Dr Luqman Ayodele Yussuf (University of Lagos)

7. Prof. Oye Taiwo (University of Ibadan)

8. Dr Clement Odoje (University of Ibadan)

9. Mr Oyetayo Babatola (University of Ibadan)

Members of the research team

1. Prof. Herbert Igboanusi (Principal Researcher)

2. Dr Achiaka Irabor (Medical Coordinator)

3. Dr Clement Odoje (Co-researcher)

4. Dr Garba Ibrahim (Co-researcher)

An important abbreviation

* KASA ─ Kὸkὸrὸ Apa Sόjà Ara

1

S/N SOURCE DEFINITION YORÙBÁ TRANSLATION

1 Abacavir A popular HIV/AIDS antiretroviral

drug. Òògùn KASA Gbajúgbajà òògùn KASA àti

ìsọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára.

2 Abdominal Area between the chest and the hips

that contains the stomach, small

intestine, large intestine, liver and

gallbladder.

Inú

Agbègbè láàrin igbá-àyà àti

ìbàrá-ìdí, tí àkójop̣ò ikùn, ìfun

kékeré, ìfun-nla, ẹ̀dọ̀ àti

òrónro wà.

3 Abdominal pain Pain in the belly. Abdominal pain can

be acute or chronic. Ẹ̀dùn inú

Ẹ̀dùn inú ikùn. Inú dídùn lè jẹ́

ògidì tabi pípẹ́.

4 Abnormal Outside the expected norm, or

uncharacteristic of a particular patient. Àìyẹ Ó yàtọ̀ sí ìhùwàsí tí a ń retí

tàbí àbùdà tí o yàtọ̀ sí ti

agbàtọ́jú kan.

5 Abortion The expulsion or removal of all

embryo or foetus from the uterus at a

state of pregnancy when it is incapable

of independent survival.

Ìṣẹ́yún Ọ̀nà yíyọ oyún tàbí ọmọ nígbà

tí a mọ̀ pé kò lè yè.

6 Abruptio

Placentae

Premature separation of the placenta

from the site of implantation on the

uterus before delivery of the foetus.

Àìgbówọ̀ Yíya ibi àti ilé ọmọ saájú ọjọ́

ìbímọ.

7 Absolute contra-

indication

When a particular treatment or

procedure should not be used under

any circumstance because of the severe

and potentially life-threatening risks

involved.

Èèwọ̀ ìtọ́jú Nígbà tí a bá ní kí á má lo

ìlànà ìtọ́jú kan lábẹ́ bí ó tilẹ̀

wù kí ó rí nítorí pé ó lè la ẹ̀mí

lọ.

8 Abstain (V) Restrain oneself from doing or

enjoying something. Takété/Séra/

Yẹra

Yíyàn láti ta kété sí ìgbádùn

ohun kan.

ENGLISH-YORÙBÁ GLOSSARY OF HIV, AIDS AND EBOLA-RELATED TERMS

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9 Abstinence Be

Faithful Use

Condoms (ABC)

A popular HIV/AIDS prevention

message. Ìṣéra, jíjẹ́

olótìítọ́, lílo

rọ́bà

ìdáàbòbò

Gbajúgbajà ìmọ̀ràn nípa

KASA àti ààrùn ìsọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára.

10 Abstinence The practice of restraining oneself

from indulging in something, typically

alcohol or sex.

Ìséra/Ìyẹra/

Ìtakété

Ìwà ìkó ara ẹni ní ìjánu nípa

nǹkan pàápàá jùlọ ọtí mímu

àti ìbálòpọ̀.

11 Acanthosis

nigricans

A skin disorder characterized by

velvety, light brown-to-black markings

that develop mainly in the folds of the

body, such as in the armpits, groin, and

creases of the neck. Acanthosis

nigricans can be an inherited condition

or can occur as the result of an

endocrine disorder, cancer, or use of

certain medications.

Àìsàn àwọ̀ ara Àwọ̀ ara tó yàtọ̀ látàrí kí apá

kan yàtọ̀ sí àwọn tó kù pàápàá

àwọn ibi ìsẹ́po ara bí i abíyá,

abẹ́nú àti kòtò ọrùn. Àìsàn

àwọ̀ ara yìí lè jẹ́ àjogúnbá,

ajẹmọ́ ẹsẹ́, jẹjẹrẹ, tàbí nípa ìlo

àwọn òògùn kan.

12 Access to

information

This is the ability of having the

opportunity to know what is going on

in your environment.

Ọ̀nà ìfitónilétí Ọ̀nà láti mọ ohun tó ń ṣẹlẹ̀ ní

àyíká wa.

13 Accidental

inoculation

An occupational exposure to HIV that

occurs during the performance of job

duties (by a nurse or doctor, for

example). This includes a needlestick

injury or cut with a sharp object,

contact of mucous membranes (mouth,

eyes), or contact of skin (especially

when the exposed skin is chapped,

Ìsèèsì kò

kokoro wọnu

ara

Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ ẹnu iṣẹ́ tí ó máa mú ni

dójú kọ ewu kíkó KASA(Bóyá

dókítà tàbí nọ́ọ̀sì, bí àpẹẹrẹ). O

lè jẹ́ láti ara abẹ́rẹ́ aláàílààbò

tàbí ọgbẹ́ nípasẹ̀ ohun mímú,

ìfarakan ìwọ̀ aṣekún (ẹnu tàbí

ojú), tàbí ìfarakan ara (pàápàá

nígbà tí awọ ẹnìkejì bá ti bó,

ENGLISH-YORÙBÁ GLOSSARY OF HIV, AIDS AND EBOLA-RELATED TERMS 3

abraded, or afflicted with dermatitis –

skin rash – or sores or the contact is

prolonged or involving an extensive

area) with blood, tissues, or other body

fluids (stool, urine, vaginal secretions,

saliva, mucus) to which universal

precautions apply.

dáranjẹ̀ tàbí ní egbò – tí

ìfarakínra yìí bá pẹ́ tí ó sì ní ṣe

pẹ̀lú ẹ̀jẹ̀, oje ara (ìgbẹ́, ìtọ̀, oje

ojú ara, itọ́) àti àwọn nǹkan

mìíràn tí ó pè fún ìsọra kárí-

ayé.

14 Acquire To get something. Kó Láti kó nǹkan.

15 Acquired Not inherited, or present at birth

(congenital), but developing after

birth. It is obtained by one’s action.

Kíkó

Kì í se àjogúnbá, tàbí jẹyọ

lásìkò ìbí, sùgbọ́n a máa wáyé

lẹ́yìn bíbí. Ó lè jẹ́ nípasẹ̀

àfọwọ́fà.

16 Acquired drug

resistance

When a drug-resistant strain of HIV

emerges while a person is on

antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the

treatment of HIV infection.

Ìjáàgùn kíkó Nígbà tí KASA tí ó ti jáàgùn

bá je ̣yo ̣nínú ènìyàn nígbà tí

ẹni náà ń lo òògùn KASA

lọ́wọ́ láti ṣe ìtọ́jú ìkóràn

ìsọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára.

17 Acquired

immunity

Immunity that develops during a

person’s lifetime. There are two types

of acquired immunity: active immunity

and passive immunity.

Àjẹsára kíkó Ajẹsára tí ó ń dàgba nígbà tí

ẹni náà wà làáyè. Irú àjẹsára

kíkó méjì ló wà: àtinúdá àti

àìtinúdá.

18 Acquired Immune

Deficiency

Syndrome (AIDS)

Deficiency of cellular immunity

induced by infection with the Human

Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV1).

Ààrùn ìsọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Ìsọ àjẹsára di ọ̀lẹ nípasẹ̀ ìkóràn

kòkòrò asọ-àjẹsára ènìyàn di

ọ̀lẹ.


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19 Action This is a process or state of acting or of

being active. Ìsapá Èyí ni ìgbésẹ̀ tàbí ipò ṣíṣe iṣẹ́.

20 Active immunity Protection from a disease as a result of

previous exposure to the disease-

causing infectious agent or part of the

infectious agent (antigen). The

protection can be a result of having

had the disease or having received a

vaccine to prevent getting the disease.

Àjẹsára

àtinúdá

Ààbò lọ́wọ́ ààrùn gẹ́gẹ́ bí i èsì

àbájáde ààrùn ìkóràn tàbí ẹ̀yà

asojú àjèjì adára-lóró. Ààbò

yìí le jẹ́ èsì níní ààrùn tàbí àti

gba òògùn tó ń dẹ́kun kíkó

ààrùn.

21 Acute Acute is the description of a disease of

rapid onset, severe symptoms, and

brief duration.

Àìsàn ògidì Èyí jẹ́ àlàyé àìsàn ìbẹ̀rẹ̀

kánkán, ó ní àpẹẹrẹ àmì tó

gboró àti àkókó pérété.

22 Acute care clinics Urgent care is a category of walk-in

clinic focused on the delivery

of ambulatory care in a dedicated

medical facility outside of a

traditional emergency room.

Ilé ìtọ́jú àìsàn

ògidì

Itọ́jú kánjú ǹkánjú jẹ́ ẹ̀yà ìtọ́jú

sárénbájà ní ibi ìwòsàn tó ní

gbogbo irinṣẹ́ ìtọ́jú nínú yàtọ̀

sí yàrá ìtọ́jú pàjáwìrì.

23 Acute HIV

infection

It is the primary stage of infection and

lasts until the body has created

antibodies against HIV. During this

first stage of infection, the virus is

replicating at a rapid rate.

Ìkóràn

KASA alásìkò

péréte

Èyí ni ìpìlẹ̀ ìkóràn tí ó sì wà

títí di ìgba tí ara yóó fi pèsè

àwọn sójà lòdì sí KASA. Ní

àkókò ìpele àkóràn àkọ́kọ́,

kòkòrò naa yóó máà ṣe ẹ̀dà ara

rẹ̀ ní yanturu.

24 Acute infection An infection causing disease with a

sudden onset, severity and (often)

short course. As related to HIV

infection: Once the virus enters the

body, HIV infects a large number of

Ògidì ìkóràn Ògidì ìkóràn tó ń fa àìsàn òjijì

tí ríro rẹ̀ kéréjọjọ. Pẹ̀lú

ìfarajọmọ́ ìkóràn KASA:

nígbà tí kòkòrò yìí bá wọ ara

ọ̀pọ̀ CD4+ hóró T tó yara ní

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk-in_clinichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk-in_clinichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulatory_carehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_department


CD4+ T cells and replicates rapidly.

During this acute or primary phase of

infection, the blood contains many

viral particles that spread throughout

the body, seeding themselves in

various organs, particularly the

lymphoid tissues.

àfijọ. Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀pẹ̀ ìkóràn, ẹ̀jẹ̀

a máa ní kòkòrò àìfojúrí tó ń

tàn ká gbogbo ara pàápàá jùlọ

ẹ̀yà àrídìmú omi-ara.

25 Acute Infection

and Early Diseases

Research

Program

(AIEDRP)

A federally funded research

programme that studies how HIV

infects humans and how the disease

progresses to AIDS.

Ètò ìwádìí

ògidì àìsàn

péréte

Ètò ìwádìí tí ìjọba àpapọ̀ ń fún

lówó láti kọ́ bí ènìyàn ṣe máa

ń kó ààrùn ìsọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára àti

bí àìsàn yìí ṣe máa ń di KASA.

26 Acute

Inflammatory

Demyelinating

Polyneuropathy

(AIDP)

An autoimmune process that is

characterized by progressive muscle

weakness in the limbs and mild

sensory symptoms. It is a disease that

affects the nerves.

Ògidi àìsàn

ségesège

ìmọ̀lára

Ètò àjeṣára tí ó n fa àárè ̣isạn

oríkèé. Ó jẹ́ ààrùn tí ó ń fa

àkóba fún ìmọ̀lára.

27 Acute Retroviral

Syndrome

The acute or primary HIV infection

often passes unrecognized, but may be

present as a mononucleosis-like

syndrome within three months of the

infection. The diagnosis is made by

demonstrating HIV antigen in the

blood.

(Onírúurú)

ìfojúhàn

ìkóràn kòkòrò

Ògidì ìkóràn KASA ń wá

láìfojúhàn, ó lè farahàn bí i

àwọn àìsàn àgọ́ oníhórókan

láàárín osù mẹ́ta. Ìdí àìsàn ni a

lè sàfihàn sójà ara KASA fún

ìyípadà omi ẹ̀jẹ̀.

28 Acyclovir An antiviral drug used especially in the

treatment of herpes and AIDS.

Òògùn apa-

kòròrò

Herpes

Òògùn apa kòkòrò pàápàá tí a

fí ń tọ́jú herpes àti ààrùn

ìsọdọ̀lé ajẹsára.


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29 Adenopathy Any disease involving or causing the

enlargement of glandular tissues,

especially one involving the lymph

nodes.

Pẹ́tẹ́lẹ́ Irúfẹ́ ààrùn tí ó ń fa wíwú ẹsẹ́

pàápàá èyí tó ní aṣe-omi-ara.

30 Adenovirus A class of virus that causes

inflammation. Kòkòrò adeno Ẹ̀yà kòkòrò tí ó má ń fa wíwú

ara.

31 Adherence The extent to which a patient continues

the agreed-upon treatment as

prescribed.

Ìgbọ́ran

ìgbàtọ́jú

Iye ìgbà tí aláàisàn fí ń gbọ́ràn

sí ìtọ́jú tí a yàn fún un.

32 Adherence

support

Adherence support workers are

important members of the

antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinical

team. They help improve patient

adherence, knowledge, and

understanding; provide education and

counselling in the patient’s own

language; and free nurses and doctors

to focus on other clinical needs.

Àtìlẹ́hìn

ìgbọ́ràn

ìgbàtọ́jú

Alátìlẹhìn ìgbọ́ràn Ìgbàtọ́jú jẹ́

ọ̀kan pàtàkì nínú ẹgbẹ́ aṣètọ́jú

ààrùn ajẹmọ́ ìsọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára.

Wọ́n a máa ṣe ìrànwọ́ láti jẹ́ kí

aláìsàn gbọ́ràn sí àlàkalẹ̀ ìlò

òògùn, ìmọ̀ àti òye rẹ̀ Wọn a

máa fún aláìsàn ní ẹ̀kọ́ àti

ìgbaninímọ̀ràn ní èdè aláìsàn

gan-an, èyí sì jẹ́ kí àwọn

dókítà àti nọ́ọ́sì ráyè fún ohun

ajẹmọ́ ìsègùn mìíràn.

33 Adherence to HIV

Treatment

“Treatment adherence” is a phrase

that means taking your HIV drugs

when and how you are supposed to.

Ìgbọ́ràn sí

ìgbàtọ́jú

KASA

Èyí ni ìlànà lílo òògùn KASA

bí ó ṣe tọ́ àti bí ó ṣe yẹ.

34 Adjuvant An ingredient − as in a prescription or

solution − that facilitates or modifies

the action of the principal ingredient,

may be used in HIV therapies or for

HIV vaccines.

Aṣèrànwọ́ Èròjà tí a dàpọ̀mọ́ òògùn tàbí

ọ̀nà àbáyọ sí èròjà pátápátá. A

lè lò ó fún ìtọ́jú àìlera kòkòrò

àti àjẹsára KASA.


35 Administration of

drugs

(Route of Administration). A term

used to refer to how a drug or therapy

is introduced into the body. Systemic

administration means that the drug

goes throughout the body (usually

carried in the bloodstream), and

includes oral administration (by

mouth) and intravenous administration

(injection into the vein).

Ìsàkóso ìlo

òògùn

Èyí ni ọ̀rọ̀ ìperí tí ó túmọ̀ sí

ọ̀nà tí òògùn tàbí ìtọ́jú kàn ń

gbà wọnú ara. Ìsàkósò ilo

òògùn elétò túmọ̀ sí pé òògùn

yìí sàn ká gbogbo ara (inú ẹ̀jẹ̀

ni a ti máa ń gbé e ka), ó lè

gba ẹnu tàbí ojú abẹ́rẹ́ wọlé.

36 Adverse Drug

Reaction (ADR)

Any unintended, undesirable response

to a drug taken at a normal dose for

normal use. Adverse drug reactions

(ADRs) are classified by onset,

severity, and type.

Àìbáramu

òògùn

Àìnífẹ̀sí èsì lílo òògùn ní

àìròtẹ́lẹ̀ nípa bí ó ṣe yẹ kí á lò

òògùn náà. Àìbáramu òògùn

ni a lè pín sí ìsọ̀rí ìbẹ̀ẹ̀rẹ̀,

ìdíbàjẹ́ àti ẹ̀yà.

37 Adverse event In a clinical trial, this is an unwanted

effect detected in participants. The

term is used whether or not the effect

can be attributed to the intervention

under study.

Ìsẹ̀lẹ̀ àìfẹ́ Ní ti ajẹmọ́-ìtọ́jú, rírí ipa àìfẹ́

lára àwọn akópa wà. Ọ̀rọ̀ ìperí

yìí ni à ń lò ìbáà jẹ́ pé ipa náà

dá lórí ìdásí tí ìwádìí tí ó ń lọ

lọ́wọ́.

38 Aerosolized A form of a drug such as pentamidine,

turned into a fine spray or mist by a

nebulizer and inhaled.

Òògùn ìsọdi-

àfimúfà

Ọ̀kan lára àwọn òògùn bíi

pentamidine tí a yí padà sí

aṣeéfin tàbí dàpọ̀ mọ́ nebulizer

tí ó ṣe é fi imú fà.

39 Affected

community

This includes HIV-positive people,

persons living with AIDS and other

individuals, including their families,

friends and advocates, directly

Àwùjọ ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀

kàn

Èyí jẹ́ àwọn tó n gbé pẹ̀lú

KASA, àti àwọn tí wọ́n ń gbé

pẹ̀lú ààrùn ìsọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára tí tí

ó fi kan àwọn ènìyàn mìíràn


8

impacted by HIV infection and its

physical, psychological and

sociological ramifications.

bíi ẹbí, ọ̀rẹ́ àti alágbàwí, àwọn

tí ọ̀rọ́ ìkóràn KASA kàn gan-

an bóyá ti àfojúrí, ìfòyemọ̀

tàbí ìfarakínra.

40 Agammaglobuli-

nemia

A near total absence of antibodies

(immunoglobulins) resulting in the

loss of ability to produce immune

antibodies.

Àìsí sójà-ara Àìsí sójà ara ní èyí tí ó lè yọrí

sí pípàdánù okun láti pèse

ajẹsára àwọn sójà ara.

41 Agency for Health

Care Policy and

Research

(AHCPR)

An agency of the Public Health

Service that supports activities to

enhance health care services and

improve access to them.

Àjọ ìṣèwádìí

àti ìlànà ìtọ́jú

Àjọ ìsèwádìí àti ìlànà ìtọ́jú tí ó

pèsè ìrànwọ́ ìlera fún gbogbo

ènìyàn àti ọ̀nà tí wọn yóò gbà

gba ìtọ́jú náà.

42 AIDS

bibliography

The National Library of Medicine

publishes the monthly AIDS

Bibliography, which includes all

citations from the AIDSLINE

database.

Àkójọ àkọsílẹ̀

Ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Ilé-ìyáwèékàwèé ìsègùn orílẹ̀-

èdè máa ń tẹ àbájáde ìwádìí

onírúurú tí ó ti inú àká

ìsọdọ̀lẹ-àjẹsára ti orí intánẹ́ẹ̀tì

jáde lósoosù.

43 AIDS case

definition

Diagnostic criteria for AIDS

established by the Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention (CDC). To be

diagnosed with AIDS, a person with

HIV must have an AIDS-defining

condition or have a CD4 count less

than 200 cells/mm3.

Asàwárí

ààrùn-ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Òsùwọ̀n ìsàwárí fún ààrùn

ìsọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára tí a gbékalẹ̀ láti

ọwọ́ ibi-iṣẹ́ fún ìdarí àti ìdẹ́kun

ààrùn. Láti sọ pé ẹni kan ni

KASA, ẹni bẹ́ẹ̀ gbúdọ̀ ni àwọn

asàfihàn ìsọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára tábí kí

òǹkà CD4 dín si hóró

200/mm.

44 AIDS Clinical

Trials Group

(ACTG)

The ACTG is composed of a number

of US medical centres that evaluate

treatment for HIV and HIV-associated

Àjọ ACTG

Àjọ ACTG ni àwọn ẹ̀ka tàbí

ibùdó ìsègùn ní orílẹ̀-èdè

Amẹ́ríkà tí ó ń ṣe ìtọ́jú KASA


infections. ACTG studies are

sponsored by the National Institute of

Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

àti àwọn ààrùn ìkóràn tí wọ́n

fara pẹ́ ẹ. Ìwádìí ACTG ní

NIAID maa ń ṣe onígbọ̀wọ́ rẹ̀.

45 AIDS Control

Programme (ACP)

Country specific programms set up to

control the spread of HIV infection. Ìsàkóso ètò

ààrùn ìsọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Àwoṇ ètò ajeṃo-̣orílè-̣èdè ti a

dá sílè ̣láti dènà ìtànká ààrùn

Ìsọdọ̀lẹ Àjẹsára.

46 AIDS defining

illness

AIDS defining illnesses are conditions

that, in the setting of a HIV infection,

confirm the diagnosis of AIDS.

Àìsàn ìsàfihàn


àjẹsára

Àìsàn ìṣàfihàn ààrùn ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára jẹ́ ipò ṣíse ètò fún

ìkóràn KASA àti ìdánilójú

ìdámọ̀ ìṣọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára.

47 AIDS Dementia

Complex (ADC)

(HIV-associated dementia or HAD) A

degenerative (destructive) neurological

condition attributed to HIV infection,

characterized by a group of clinical

presentations including loss of

coordination, mood swings, loss of

inhibitions, and widespread inability to

think. It is the most common central

nervous system complication of HIV

infection.

Àìsàn ọpọlọ

ajẹmọ́-ìsọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

(KASA ajẹmọ́ ààrùn ọpọlọ)

ọ̀kan lára àìsiṣẹ́ dédé ọpọlọ èyí

tí ìkóràn KASA sokùnfà rẹ̀, ó

sì ní àbùdá ìgbékalẹ̀ iṣẹ́ ìṣègùn

pẹ̀lú pípàdánù ọ̀nà ìgbẹ́kalẹ̀

nù, ìsesí ìfipamọ́, àdánù

ìfàséhìn àti àìlè ronú lọ́nà

gbòrò. Ó jẹ́ ọ̀nà kan pàtàkì sí

ètò gbùngbun aṣàkóso ara sí

ìdákún ìkóràn KASA.

48 AIDS Drug

Assistance

Programs

(ADAPs)

Federally funded programmes that

provide medications and other HIV-

related services to low-income,

uninsured, and underinsured people

with HIV/AIDS.

Ètò ìṣèrànwọ́

òògùn ààrùn

ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Ètò tí ìjọba àpapọ̀ sagbátẹrù rẹ̀

tí ó ń pèsè òògùn àti àwọn

àkànṣe iṣẹ́ ajẹmọ́ KASA fún

àwọn tí wọn kò lówó púpọ̀

lọ́wọ́.


10

49 AIDS drugs Any substance, other than food, used

in the prevention, diagnosis,

alleviation, treatment, and cure of

AIDS disease.

Òògùn ààrùn

ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Ohunkóhun tí a lè lò yàtọ̀ sí

ouńjẹ fún ìdènà, ìdámọ̀, ìtọ́jú

àti ìwòsàn ìsọdọ̀lẹ ajẹ́sára.

50 AIDS Education

and Training

Centers (AETC)

The centers train primary caregivers to

incorporate HIV prevention strategies

into their clinical priorities, along with

diagnosis, counselling and care of

HIV-infected persons and their

families.

Ibùdó ẹkọ́

nípa ìsọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Ibi-iṣẹ́ náà ń pèṣè ẹ̀kọ́ fún

àwọn olùtọ́jú láti sánnà ìdènà

ìtànkálẹ̀ KASA pẹ̀lú ìdámọ̀

àìsàn, ìgbaniníyànjú àti ìtọ́jú

àwọn tí wọ́n ń gbé pẹ̀lú KASA

àti àwọn ẹbí wọn.

51 AIDS knowledge

base

Full-text electronic database on AIDS,

available in print as well as electronic

form, produced and maintained by

physicians and other health care

professionals.

Àká ìmọ̀ nípa

ààrùn ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Àká kíkún adálórí àbájade

ìwádìí ààrùn ìsodọ̀lẹ àjẹsára tí

a tẹ̀ jáde tàbí wà ní inú ohun

èlò aloná mìíràn tí a pèsè tàbí

ṣe ìtọ́jú rẹ̀ láti ọwọ́ àwọn

oníṣègùn àti àwọn òsìṣẹ́ elétò

ìlera mìíràn.

52 AIDS Prevention

Initiative in

Nigeria (APIN)

APIN is a leading Nigerian

organization in the provision of

prevention, care and treatment services

to patients with HIV/AIDS and other

diseases of public health significance.

Àjọ APIN Àjọ APIN jé ̣asạájú nínú ìpèsè

aáyan ìdènà ààrùn ìsoḍòḷe ̣

àjeṣára àti ìtój̣ú àwoṇ aláàrùn

náà pèḷú àwoṇ ààrùn tó gbile ̣

ní àyíká.

53 AIDS Research

Advisory

Committee

Board that advises and makes

recommendations to the Director,

National Institute of Allergy and

Infectious Diseases, on all aspects of

HIV-related research, vaccine

Ìgbìmọ̀-

ìgbaninímọ̀-

ràn ìṣèwàdìí


àjẹsára

Ìgbìmọ̀-ìgbaninímọ̀ràn tí ó sì ń

tún dábàá fún olùdarí ti ìbi

ìwádìí ààrùn ìkóràn orílẹ̀-èdè

lórí gbogbo ìwàdìí ààrùn

ajẹmọ́ KASA, síṣẹ̀dá àjẹsára,


development, pathogenesis and

epidemiology.

ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ àìsàn ara àti ẹ̀kọ́ nípa

ààrùn.

54 AIDS Service

Organization

(ASO)

A health association, support agency

or other service active in the

prevention and treatment of AIDS.

Ẹgbẹ́ ìmòjútó

ìtọ́jú ààrùn

ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára

Ẹgbẹ́ ètò ìlera, àjọ àṣèràwọ́

tàbí ẹka mìíràn tí wọ́n ń sa ipá

láti dẹ́kun àti láti se ìtọ́jú ààrùn

ìṣọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára.

55 AIDS vaccine A special preparation of anti-genetic

material that can be used to stimulate

the development of antibodies and thus

confer active immunity against AIDS.

Òògùn

àjẹsára ààrùn

ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

Àkànṣe ìpèsè òògùn tó n ru

ìdàgbàsókè sójà ara sókè kí ó

sì fún àjẹsára ní agbára láti

lòdì sí ààrùn ìṣọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára.

56 AIDS Wasting

Syndrome

An AIDS-defining condition that

includes at least 10% weight loss in the

presence of diarrhea, chronic

weakness, and documented fever for at

least 30 days that is not the result of

another infection or disease. In

developing countries, it is often called

"slim disease."

Rírù nípasẹ̀


àjẹsára

Ipò àlàyé nípa ààrùn ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára nípa síṣọ ìwọ̀n ìdá

mẹ́wà nù sí ìgbẹ́ gbuuru, àárẹ̀

líle àti ibà fún bíi ọgbọ̀njọ́ tí

kìí ṣe àbàjáde ìkóràn ààrùn

mìíràn. Ní àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí ó

ń ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ń dìde bọ̀, wọ́n tún máa

ń pè é ní àìsàn gbígbẹ.

57 AIDSline Aidsline is a statewide confidential

information, counselling and referral

service on HIV/AIDS.

Ojú òpó

ìgbaninímọ̀-

ràn nípa


àjẹsára

Ojú òpó ìgbaninímọ̀ràn,

ìfitónilétí àti ètò mímúni lọ sí

ibi ìtọ́jú mìíràn lórí KASA/

ààrùn ìṣọdọ̀lẹ àjẹsára.

58 AIDS-Related

Cancers

Several cancers are more common or

more aggressive in persons living with

HIV. These malignancies include

Jẹjẹrẹ àjẹmọ́


àjẹsára

Ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ jẹjẹrẹ ló máa n fara

hàn lára ẹni tó n gbé pẹ̀lú

KASA. Awọn wọ̀yìí ni jẹjẹrẹ


12

certain types of immune system

cancers known as lymphomas, kaposi

sarcoma, and anogenital cancers that

primarily affect the anus and the

cervix.

nínú àjẹsára tí a mọ̀ sí omi-

ara, àti jẹjẹrẹ inú ihò-ìdí tí ó

máa n ṣe àkóbá fún àbáwọlé

ilé ọmọ.

59 AIDS-Related

Complex (ARC)

(Early symptomatic HIV infection) A

group of common complications found

in early stages of HIV infection. They

include progressive generalized

lymphadenopathy (PGL), recurrent

fever, unexplained weight loss,

swollen lymph nodes, diarrhoea,

herpes, hairy leukoplakia, fungus

infection of the mouth and throat, and

the presence of HIV antibodies.

Ìpìlẹ̀ ìfihàn


àjẹsára

(Ìfihàn ìkóràn KASA)

Àkójọpọ̀ ìpìlẹ̀ ìfihàn ààrùn

KASA lójú ọjọ́. Wọ́n jẹ́ àpapọ̀

aṣẹ́ oje omi ara, àìsàn ọrọọrún,

ìwọ̀n jíjá, ìgbẹ́ gbuuru abbl.

60 AIDSTRIALS An online database service

administered by the National Library

of Medicine, with information about

clinical trials of agents under

evaluation against HIV infection,

AIDS and related opportunistic

infections.

Ìjábọ̀ọ́ ìdánwò


àjẹsára

Àká iṣẹ́ ti orí íntánẹ́ẹ̀tì tí àjọ

ilé-ìyáwèé-kàwé ti ijọba àpapọ̀

ń sagbátẹrù pẹ̀lú ìfitónilétí

nipa ìtọ́jú ajẹmọ́-ìwádìí àti

àyèwò àwọn ti wọ́n ni ìkọ́ràn

KASA, ààrùn ìsọdọ̀lẹ ajẹ̀sára

àti àwọn àìsàn akófà mìíràn.

61 Airborne disease Diseases or bacteria that are spread

through the air. Àìsàn abáfẹ́fẹ́-

rìn

Àìsàn tàbí batéríà tí wọ́n ń tàn

ká nípa afẹ́fẹ́.

62 Alanine

Aminotransferase

(ALT)

A liver enzyme that plays a role in

protein metabolism. Abnormally high

blood levels of ALT are a sign of liver

Oje asàfihàn

ìlera ẹ̀dọ̀

Ẹ́ńsáìmù ẹ̀dọ̀ tó n kó ipa pàtàkì

nínú ìyóró purotéènì. Ipò àìyẹ

ẹ̀jẹ̀ onípele gíga jẹ́ àmì ẹ̀dọ̀


inflammation or damage from

infection or drugs. A normal level is

below approximately 50 IU/L.

wíwú tàbí bíbàjẹ́ láti inú

ìkóràn tàbí àwọn òògùn. Ìpele

tí ó dára wà ní nǹkan bíi ipele

50 ti IU/L.

63 Albumin A protein made by the liver and found

in high concentrations in blood. This

protein may be measured as part of a

liver function test.

Purotéènì ẹ̀dọ̀ Purotéènì tí ẹ̀dọ̀fóró ń pèsè tí a

rí nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀. Ìwọn purotéènì yìí

ni a fi ṣe òdiwọ̀n bí ẹ̀dọ̀fóró ṣe

ń ṣiṣẹ́.

64 Alkaline

phosphatase

An enzyme normally present in certain

cells within the liver, bone, kidney,

intestine, and placenta. When the cells

are destroyed in those tissues, more of

the enzyme leaks into the blood, and

levels rise in proportion to the severity

of the condition. Measurement of this

enzyme is used as an indication of the

health of the liver.

Oje ìsàfihàn

ìlera eegun àti

inú

Ẹ́ńsáìmù tí o wà nínú àwọn

inú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró, eegun, kídìrín,

ìfun àti ibi ọmọ. Lẹ́yìn tí a ti

pa àwọn hónínú ìṣù, àwọn

ẹnsaimu yìí wá máa jò sínú

ẹ̀jẹ̀, tí ipò wọn máa wá ga sí i.

òsùwọ̀n ẹnsaimu ni a fí n ṣe

ìtọ́kasí ìlera ẹ̀dọ̀.

65 Aloe vera A juice or jelly substance obtained

from the leaves of an aloe plant used

as a soothing treatment for the skin and

burns as well as in cosmetics; any of

the succulent plant having spiky leaves

which yield the jelly and juice.

Alofẹ́rà Èyí ni ohun èròjà tí a n rí lára

ewé aloe, tí a n lò fún ìtọ́jú ara

páàpáà ibi tó jóná àti fún

ìkunjú. Èyíkéyìí igi tó ní ewé

sóńsó tí ó sì ní oje yíyọ̀.

66 Alopecia Loss of hair that frequently occurs in

patients undergoing treatment for

cancer or suffering from other

Irun ríre Irun ríre jẹ́ èyí tí ó sábà máa ń

farahàn lára aláìsàn tí ó n gba

ìtọ́jú àìsàn jẹjẹrẹ tàbí irúfẹ́


14

diseases, such as AIDS, where cell-

killing, or cytotoxic, drugs are used.

àìsàn mìíràn bíi ààrùn ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára tàbí níbi tí òògùn tí ó

pa àwọ hóró ti di lílò.

67 Alpha Interferon

(Interferon Alpha,

IFN)

A protein produced by the immune

system in response to infection that

assists in controlling virus infection.

Purotéènì

Aṣèdáàbòbò

Purotéènì tí àjẹsára ń pèsè ní

ìdáhùn sí ìkóràn tó n ṣe ìrànwọ́

fún dídarí ìkóràn kòkòrò.

68 Alternate test site Alternate site refers to testing blood

glucose on parts of the body other than

the fingertip: most commonly the

forearm, palm or thigh.

Orísìí ibi

ìsàyẹ̀wò kan

Èyí ni àyẹ̀wò gúlúkóòsì ẹ̀jẹ̀

nínú ẹ̀yà ara yàtọ̀ sí góńgó orí

ìka. A sábà máa n ṣe ní ìṣàlẹ̀

apá, àtẹlẹwọ́ tàbí itan.

69 Alternative

therapy

This refers to any type of medicine that

supplements or is used in lieu of

biomedicine ( i.e. conventional

medicine) or allopathic medicine. In

other parts of the world, where

traditional medicine predominates, the

term may refer to biomedicine itself.

Ìtọ́jú àìlera

mìíràn

Ẹ̀yà ìṣègùn mìíràn tí a lò gẹ́gẹ́

bí afikún tàbí rọ́pò ìṣègùn

òyìnbó. Ní ibi tí ìṣègùn ibílẹ̀ ti

gbalẹ̀ ìsègùn òyìnbó náà lè jẹ́

ìtọ́jú àìlera mìíràn

70 Alternative/

Complementary

medicine

A broad category of treatment systems

(e.g. chiropractic, herbal medicine,

acupuncture, homeopathy,

naturopathy, and spiritual devotions)

or culturally based healing traditions

such as Chinese, Ayurvedic, and

Christian science. It shares the

common characteristic of non-

acceptance by the biomedical (i.e.

mainstream Western) establishment.

Ọ̀nà ìṣègùn

mìíràn

Ẹka ètò ìwòsàn ńlá (bí àpẹẹrẹ,

àgbo/tewé tegbò, ètò ìtọ́jú

ìbáramu ààrùn, ìtọ́jú tí kò lọ́wọ́

òògùn nínú, ètò àdúrà) tàbí

ìwòsàn ajẹ́mọ́ àṣà ìbílẹ̀ bíi ti

Sáníìsì, ìtọ́jú aláìlóògùn àti

sáyẹ́nsì kìrìsìtẹ́nì. Gbogbo

wọn ló ni àbùdá aláìṣeégbà

àwọn ìṣègùn òyìnbó.


71 Alum Potassium aluminum sulfate or

ammonium aluminum sulfate, used

especially as an emetic (i.e. an agent

that induces vomiting), an astringent

(i.e. a substance that contracts tissues)

and styptic (i.e. a substance that tends

to check bleeding by contracting the

tissues or blood vessels).

Aálòṃù Onírúurú aálòṃù fún fífa èébì

àti fún ìdéḳun ̣sị́sẹ̀j̣èṣí.

72 Alveolar Pertaining to the alveoli sac, the site of

gas exchange in the lungs. Àpò ẹ̀dọ̀fóró Ajẹmọ́ àpò ẹ̀dọ̀fóró, àyè

ìpààrọ̀ gáásì nínú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró.

73 Amebiasis An inflammation of the intestines

caused by infection with Entamoeba

histolytica (a type of ameba) and

characterized by frequent, loose stools

flecked with blood and mucus.

Ààrùn kòkòrò

àmíbà

Ìfun wíwú tó wá láti ipaṣè

Entamoeba histolytica ẹ̀yà

àmíbà. Ó máa n fa ìgbẹ́ ẹlẹ́jẹ̀

àti ikun.

74 Amino acids Typically, an amino acid of the general

formular R- CHNH3 +- COO ̅ (i.e. the

amino in the α position); the L forms

of these are the hydrolysis products of

proteins. In rarer usages, this class of

molecules also includes α- amino

phosphoric acids and α- amino-

sulfonic acids.

Hóró peptide Hóró peptide jẹ́ ara èròjà àwọn

purotéénì.

75 Amniocentesis The surgical insertion of a hollow

needle through the abdominal wall and

into the uterus of a pregnant female to

obtain amniotic fluid (i.e. the serous

Ìfamira Iṣẹ́ abẹ fífi abẹ́rẹ́ sí ilé ọmọ

aláboyún lọ́nà àti gba oje ara.

Pàápàá júlọ láti ṣe àyẹ̀wò ìṣe-

ṣégeṣè kírómósónù tí ó ṣe


16

fluid in which the embryo is

suspended) especially to examine the

fetal chromosomes for an abnormality

or for the determination of the sex of

the embryo.

pàtàkì tàbí mọ akọnbábo ọmọ

nínú oyún.

76 Amphotericin B This is an antifungal drug often used

intravenously for serious systemic

fungal infections and it is the only

effective treatment for some fungal

infections.

Òògùn apa

kòkòrò

ọ̀súnwúúrú

Èyí ni òògùn tí a fí n kojú

ọ̀súnwúúrú, ó jẹ́ òògùn ìtọ́jú tí

ó tó kojú ìkóràn ọ̀súnwúúrú.

77 Anal

intercourse/Anal

sex

A type of sexual intercourse in which a

man inserts his penis in his partner's

anus. Anal sex can be insertive or

receptive.

Ìbálòpọ̀

òmúsu

Ìrú ìbálòpọ̀ èyí tí ọkùnrin n ní

ìbálòpọ̀ lójú ihò-ìdí.

Oníbàálòpò-̣ìhò-ìdí lè jẹ́ ẹni tí

ó gbà á tàbí ẹni tí ó ń tì í bọ̀ ọ́.

78 Anamnestic

response

The heightened immunologic reaction

elicited by a second or subsequent

exposure to a particular pathogenic

microorganism or antigen.

Ìfèèsì

adáralóró

Ìṣesí àjẹsára sí ìtànjáde àjèjì

adáralóró.

79 Anaphylactic

shock

A life-threatening allergic reaction

characterized by a swelling of body

tissues (including the throat) and a

sudden decline in blood pressure.

Ìfèsì

adáralóró

amẹ́mìí-lọ́wọ́

Ìṣesí amẹ́mìí-lọ́wọ́ máa ń mú

ìṣù ara àti ọ̀fun wú pẹ̀lú àdínkù

ìfúnpá lójijì.

80 Anemia Any condition in which the number of

red blood cells/mm³, the count of

hemoglobin in 100 ml of blood, and/

or the volume of packed red blood

cells/100ml of blood are less than

normal.

Àìlẹ́jẹ̀tó Ipò ẹ̀jẹ̀ ní èyí tí iye ẹ̀jẹ̀ pupa

hóró/mm3, ònkà hóró ẹ̀jẹ̀

agbẹ̀ẹ̀mí 100ml nínú ẹ̀jẹ̀ àti

ìwọ̀n gbogbo hóró /100ml kéré

ju ìwọ̀n síṣedéédé wọn lọ.


81 Anergy The loss or weakening of the body's

immunity to an irritating agent, or

antigen. Patients may be so

immunodeficient that they are unable

to produce a reaction to an infectious

agent.

Rírẹ ìdáhùn

àjẹsára

Ìpàdánù tàbí rírẹ ajẹsára láti

dojú kọ ajèjì adáralóró.

Aláìsàn lè sàìní-àjẹsára tó bẹ́ẹ̀

ti wọn kò ní lè pèsè ohun èlò

ìdojúkọ àwọn ìkóràn.

82 Angry Displaying or feeling anger. Ìbínú Ṣíṣàfihàn ìbínú.

83 Angular cheilitis It is characterized by fissuring,

cracking, burning and dryness at the

angles of the mouth. Saliva seeps into

these cracks leading to maceration of

skin.

Ìbẹ́ ẹnu Ìbẹ́ ẹnu a máa ní àkójọ ẹnu

wíwú, ṣísun àti bíbẹ́ ní apákan

ẹnu. Itọ́ a máa sun jáde ní ojú

ibẹ̀.

84 Animal products An animal product is any material

derived from the body of an animal.

Examples are fat, flesh, blood, milk,

eggs, and lesser known products, such

as isinglass and rennet.

Àwọn èrè

ẹranko

Èyí jẹ́ àwọn èròjà tí a rí láti ara

ẹranko bíi ọ̀rá, ẹran, ẹ̀jẹ̀, wàrà,

ẹyun àti àwọn nǹkan mìíràn tó

wúlò bíi ohun amáradàgbà àti

ohun tí a fí n fún wàrà.

85 Anogenital Related to the anal (rectum) and/or

genital (sexual) area of the body. Ajẹmábẹ́ Ajẹmọ́ ojú abẹ́ ara.

86 Anonymous Without an ability to identify a person.

In anonymous testing, patient-

identifying information is not linked to

testing information, including the

request for tests or test results.

Àìlórúkọ Àìsí ìdámọ̀ fún ènìyàn. Nípa ti

àìlórúkọ, ìfitónilétí nípa

aláìsàn ní kìí sábà tọ́kasí irú

ènìyàn bẹ́ ẹ̀, pẹ̀lú ìṣàyẹ̀wò tàbí

èsì àyẹ̀wò.

87 Anorexia The lack or loss of appetite that leads

to significant decline in weight. Àìrebipa Àìsí tàbí pípàdánù ìfẹ́ àti jẹun

tí ó sì lè ṣe okùnfà rírù.


18

88 Antelope Any of a number of cud-chewing deer-

like animals having hollow horns. Ẹtu Ọ̀kan lára eranko igbó tí ó ní

tẹ̀kòtò ìwo.

89 Antenatal clinic

(ANC)

The Antenatal Clinic aims to provide

increased continuity of pregnancy care. Ilé ìtọ́jú

aláboyún

Ilé ìtọ́jú aláboyún ní àfojúsùn

àti pèsè ìtọ́jú tó peye fún ìtọ́jú

olóyún.

90 Antepartum The time/period before childbirth.

Antepartum refers to the mother. Àsìkò ìrọbí Àsìkò saájú ọmọ bíbí. Àsìkò

ìrọbí ń sọ nípa ìyá.

91 Anthrax Highly infectious, often fatal, bacterial

disease of mammals, especially cattle

and sheep, that is transmissible to

humans and causes skin ulcers

cutaneous anthrax or a form of

pneumonia when inhaled pulmonary

anthrax.

Kòkòrò

áńtíráásì

Ààrùn yìí máa ń ràn gan-an, ó

sì lágbára. Láti ara àwọn

ẹranko bíi màálù àti àgùntàn

ni a ti máa ń kó o wọ ara

ènìyàn ó sì le fa ọgbẹ́ ààwọ̀,

òmìíràn tún wa ní fífín sí imú

tí a fa àńtírásì ọ̀nà ọ̀fun.

92 Anti-HIV

Medication

Antiretroviral drug. Òògùn KASA Òògùn KASA.

93 Antibiotic A natural or manufactured substance

that prevents the growth of bacteria or

fungi. Some antibiotics are used to

treat infectious diseases.

Òògùn apa

kòkòrò

batéríà

Àwọn àkànṣe èròjà tó n dènà

ìdàgbàsókè batéríà tàbí

ọ̀súnwúúrú. Àwọn òògùn apa

kòkòrò batéríà kan ní a máa

ńlò fún ìtọ́jú ààrùn ìkóràn.

94 Antibodies Substances in the blood or other body

fluids that destroy bacteria, viruses, or

other harmful agents (antigens). They

are members of a class of proteins

known as immunoglobulins, which are

Sójà ara Àwọn èròjà inú ẹ̀jẹ̀ tàbí oje ara

tó n pa batéríà, kòkòrò àti àjèjì

adáralóró. Wọ́n jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára

purotéénì tí hóró ẹ̀jẹ̀ funfun ń

pèsè.


produced by special white blood cells

called B-lymphocytes.

95 Antibody-

Dependent

Cell-Mediated

Cytotoxicity

(ADCC)

An immune response in which

antibodies bind to target cells,

identifying them for attack by the

immune system.

Sójà

afararúbọ

Ìdáhùn àjẹsára tí sójà ara sopọ̀

mọ́ hóró àfojúsùn, a ṣe ìdámọ̀

wọn fún ìdojúkọ.

96 Antibody-

mediated

immunity

Also called humoral immunity.

Immunity that results from the activity

of antibodies in blood and lymphoid

tissue.

Àjẹsára

alátakò

kòkòrò inú ẹ̀jẹ̀

Èyí ni àjẹsára iṣẹ́ àkànṣe nínú

ẹ̀jẹ̀ àti ìṣù omi-ara.

97 Anticoagulant A drug used to prevent the blood from

clotting. Òògùn

aláìmẹ́jẹ̀dì

Èyí jẹ́ àkànṣe òògùn tí a n lò

láti dènà ẹ̀jẹ̀ dídì.

98 Antifolate An agent that inhibits intracellular (i.e.

inside cells) production of folinic acid. Adójúti hóró Àwọn asojú tí o máa ń dójúti

hóró inú fún ìpèsè àpò ásìdì.

99 Antifungal A substance that kills or slows the

growth of a fungus. Òògùn

osunwuuru

Àwọn èròjà kan tó n pa tàbí fi

ìdàgbàsókè osunwuuru falẹ̀.

100 Antigen A substance that, when introduced into

the body, stimulates production of an

antibody.

Àjèjì

adáralóró

Èròjà tí a máa n lò sínú ara, a

máa ru ìpèsè sójà ara sókè.

101 Antigen-

Presenting Cell

(APC)

A type of immune cell that enables a T

lymphocyte (T cell) to recognize an

antigen and mount an immune

response against the antigen.

Aṣàfihàn àjèjì

adáralóró

Ẹ̀yà hóró àjẹsára tí ó ń fi àyè

gba hóró T láti ṣe ìdámọ̀ àjèjì

adáralóró. Èyí a máa mú kí

ìdáhùn àjẹsára jẹ gàba lórí

àjèji adáralóró.


20

102 Antihistamine A drug or other compound that inhibits

the physiological effects of histamine,

used especially in the treatment of

allergies.

Òògùn adènà

ìtají ara

Òògùn tàbí àkójọpọ̀ mìíràn tí ó

ń dójúti ìtají ara tí a n lò fun

ìtọ́jú ẹ̀hun.

103 Antimicrobial An antimicrobial therapy kills or

inhibits the growth of microorganisms

such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans.

Therapies that kill microorganisms are

called microbiocidal therapies and

therapies that only inhibit the growth

of microorganisms are called micro-

biostatic therapies.

Òògùn apa

kòkòrò ara

Òògùn apa kòkòrò ara máa n

pa tàbí dójúti ìdàgbàsókè

Abẹ̀ẹ̀mí-àìfojúrí bíi batéríà,

osunwuuru àti pùrótósúà.

Ìsègùn tí ó ń pa abẹ̀ẹ̀mí-

àìfojúrí ni à ń pè ni ìsègùn

micro biocida, èyí ti o si n

dènà ìdàgbàsókè abẹ̀ẹ̀mí

àìfojúrí ni a ń pè ní isegun

micro biostatic.

104 Antineoplastic A substance that prevents the

development or growth of tumour. Adẹ́kun

ìdàgbàsókè

jẹjẹrẹ

Èròjà tó n dènà ìdàgbàsókè

jẹjẹrẹ.

105 Antiprotozoal A substance that kills or inhibits

the growth of single-celled

microorganisms called protozoa, such

as Pneumocystis jiroveci.

Apa

pùrótósúà

Èròjà tó n pa tàbí dènà

ìdàgbàsókè abẹ̀ẹ̀mí àìfojúrí

oníhóró kan tí a mọ̀ sí

pùrótósúà.

106 Antiretroviral A substance that suppresses a

retrovirus such as HIV. Adènà KASA Èròjà tó n pa tàbí fòpin sí

kòkòrò àìfojúrí bíi KASA.

107 Antiretroviral

agents

Substances used against retroviruses

such as HIV. Adènà KASA Àwọn èròjà tí a n lò lòdì sí

kòkòrò KASA.

108 Antiretroviral

drugs

Substances used to stop the

multiplication of retroviruses such as

HIV.

Òògùn

KASA

Èròjà tó ń ṣe ìdádúró ìtànkálẹ̀

bíi KASA.


109 Antiretroviral

Therapy (ART)

The recommended treatment for HIV

infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

involves using a combination of three

or more antiretroviral (ARV) drugs

from at least two different HIV drug

classes to prevent HIV from

replicating.

Itoju fun

ikoran-KASA

Ìtọ́jú tí wọ́n fòǹtẹ̀ lù fún títọ́jú

ìkóràn KASA. Òògùn apa-

kòkòrò yìí jẹ́ àkójọpọ̀ òògùn

apa KASA méjì tàbí jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ

láti dènà ìsẹ̀dà rẹ̀.

110 Antiretroviral

Toxic Neuropathy

Nerve damage that is due to

antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Ṣégeṣège

ìmọ̀lára

ajẹmóògùn

KASA

Ìmọ̀lára to bàjẹ́ nítorí òògùn

apa KASA.

111 Antisense

Antiviral

A drug made of short segments of

DNA or RNA that can bind to and

alter or suppress the function of viral

DNA or RNA. Antisense antivirals

prevent viruses from replicating.

Òògùn

ìmàdínkù bá

ìgbèrú kòkòrò

Ìpele òògùn tí a pèsè láti ara

DNA tàbí RNA tí ó lè mú

àtúnṣe bá DNA tàbí RNA

kòkòrò.

112 Antitoxins Antibodies that recognize and

inactivate toxins produced by certain

bacteria, plants or animals.

Èỵà sójà ara Sójà tí ó ń ṣe ìdámọ̀ ohun

olóró latí ara bateria, ohun

ọ̀gbìn tàbí àwọn èranko.

113 Antiviral A substance or process that destroys a

virus or suppresses its replication. Agbógunti

kòkòrò

Èròjà tó n pa kòkòrò àti àwọn

ẹ̀dà wọn.

114 Anxious Feeling or showing worry,

nervousness, or unease about

something with an uncertain outcome.

Àníyàn Ṣíṣàfihàn àníyàn,

àìnífọ̀kànbalẹ̀ tàbí àìní ìrọ̀rùn

lóri àbájáde nǹkan.

115 Aorta The main artery in mammals that

carries blood from the left ventricle of Òpó ìpínjẹ̀ ńlá Ọ̀gangan òpó ìpínjẹ̀ wẹẹrẹ tó n

gbé ẹ̀jẹ̀ láti inú odò ọkàn sí


22

the heart to all the branch arteries in

the body except those in the lungs.

gbogbo ẹ̀ka òpó nínú ara yàtò

sí ẹ̀dọ̀fóró.

116 Aphthous ulcer A painful mouth or throat sore of

unknown cause. Aphthous ulcers are

common in persons living with HIV.

Ọgbẹ́ ẹnu Ọgbẹ́ ẹnu aláìnídì. Ó wọ́po

lára àwọn tó ń gbé pẹ̀lú

KASA.

117 Apoptosis A normal type of cell death that

removes unwanted cells during

embryological development, regulates

the number of cells in tissues, and

eliminates many potentially dangerous

cells such as cancer cells.

Agbẹ̀mí hóró

ẹ̀jẹ̀

Ẹ̀yà ikú hóró tí ó ń yọ àwọn

hóhó àìfẹ́ ní àkókò ìdàgbàsókè

ọlẹ̀, a tún máa sòdiwọ̀n iye

hóró nínú ìṣù, a sì máa yọ

àwọn hóró tí wọ́n léwu bíi

hóró jẹjẹrẹ.

118 Approved drugs In the United States, the Food and

Drug Administration (FDA) and

similar government departments must

approve a substance as a drug before it

can be sold.

Òògùn

afòǹtẹ́lù

Ní Amẹrika, ìṣàkóso òògùn àti

oúnjẹ àti ẹ̀ka ìjọba tí wọ́n jẹ́

ìkannáà gbóḍò ̣fóntẹ̀ lu èròjà

òògùn kí ó tó di títá.

119 Apron An apron is an outer protective

garment that covers primarily the front

of the body. It may be worn for

hygienic reasons as well as in order to

protect clothes from wear and tear, or

else due to a symbolic meaning.

Àwọ̀lé Àwọ̀lé ni aṣọ tí a n wọ̀ lórí olú

aṣọ ní àgọ́ọ ara. Ó lè jẹ́ àwọ̀lé

torí ìmọ̀tótó tàbí bo aṣọ torí kí

aṣọ gangan ma ba gbó tàbí

fàya, tàbí fún àmì ìdí kan pàtó.

120 Area Under the

Curve (AUC)

A measure of how much drug reaches

a person’s bloodstream in a given

period of time after a dose is given.

The information is useful for

determining dosing and for identifying

potential drug interactions.

Òdiwọ̀n

òògùn lára

Òdiwọ́n iye òògùn tí ó wọ inú

ẹ̀jẹ̀ ní àsìkò ìgbà tí a lo òògùn

tán. Ìfitónilétí yìí wúlò láti mọ

ìwọ̀n òògùn àti ìmọ̀dájú

ìbáṣepọ̀ òògùn.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_protective_equipmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_protective_equipmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment


121 ARM A group of participants in a clinical

trial, all of whom receive the same

treatment or placebo.

Ọ̀wọ́ akópa Àkójọpọ̀ ọ̀wọ́ akópa nínú

ìwádìí ajẹmọ́tọjú, tí gbogbo

wọn ń gba ìtọ́jú tàbí pìlàsíbò.

122 Armed Forces

Programme on

Aids Control

(AFPAC)

Specific programmes set up to control

the spread of HIV infection among the

military.

Ètò AFPAC Àkànsẹ ètò ìdènà ìtànkálẹ̀

KASA láàrin àwoṇ

jagunjagun.

123 Arrhythmia Any irregularity in rhythm or rate of

the heartbeat. Àìbámu lílù

ọkàn

Ìṣe ségesège àti àìbáramu lílù

ọkàn

124 Art initiation/

Antiritroviral

initiation

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is

recommended for all HIV-infected

individuals to reduce the risk of

disease progression.

Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ òògùn

KASA

Òògùn KASA ní a fòntẹ̀ lù fún

gbogbo àwọn alábàápàdé

ìkóràn KASA lọ́nà àti dèna

ewu ìgbèrú àrùn yìí.

125 Arteriole A small arterial blood vessel just

proximal to the capillaries containing a

large proportion of smooth muscle

relative to its size.

Òpó ìpínjẹ̀

tínrín

Òpó ìpínjẹ̀ tínrín tí ó ní ìwọ̀n

iye iṣan bí ti rẹ̀.

126 Artery Blood vessel that carries blood away

from the heart. It is a blood vessel that

transports blood away from heart. All

arteries except pulmonary artery carry

blood that has been oxygenated in the

lungs.

Òpó ìpínjẹ̀

kékeré

Òpó ìpínjẹ̀ tó n gbé ẹ̀jẹ̀ jáde

láti ọkàn. Òun ni òpó ìpínjẹ̀ tí

ó ń gbé ẹ̀jẹ̀ jáde láti ọkàn.

Gbogbo òpó ìpínjẹ̀ ni ó máa ń

gbé ẹ̀jẹ̀ abèémí àyàfi òpó

ìpíǹjẹ agbẹ́jẹ̀wọlé.

127 Arthralgia A pain in a joint. Oríkèé Èḍùn inú oríkèé.

128 Arthritis Inflammation of the joints. Làkúrègbè Wíwú oríkèé.


24

129 Antiretroviral

card

These are treatment cards used to

identify HIV/AIDS patients. Káádì

ìdánimọ̀ ìtọ́jú

KASA

Káádì ìdánimọ̀ fún ìtọ́jú

KASA àti ààrùn ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára.

130 Antiretroviral

failure

An undesirable antiretroviral drug

treatment outcome with evidence of

ongoing viral replication.

Ìkùnà òògùn

KASA

Àbájáde ìlò òògùn KASA, tí

èṛí sì tún wà pé kòkòrò rè ̣n

peléke sí i.

131 Aspartate

Aminotransferase

(AST)

An enzyme found especially in heart,

muscle, and liver cells. Aspartate

aminotransferase may be measured as

part of a liver function test.

Oje aṣàfihàn

ìlera ọkàn

Oje aṣàfihàn ìlera ọkàn,

páàpáà nínú iṣan, àti hóró èḍò.̣

A lè ṣe òdiwọ̀n rẹ̀ gẹ́gẹ́ bi ara

iṣẹ́ àyẹ̀wò ẹ̀dọ̀.

132 Aspergillosis

A fungal infection resulting from the

fungus Aspergillus of the lungs that

can spread through the blood to other

organs. Symptoms include fever,

chills, difficulty in breathing and

coughing up blood. If the infection

reaches the brain, it may cause

dementia.

Àrùn ẹ̀dọ̀fóró

osunwuuru

Ààrùn osunwuuru tí ó wá láti

ipaṣẹ̀ ààrùn ẹ̀dọ̀fóró

osunwuuru tí ó lè ṣànká inú

ẹ̀jẹ̀ sí gbogbo ara. Àpẹẹrẹ àmì

àìsàn yìí ni: ibà, òtútù, ìnira

làti mí dáadáa àti ẹ̀jẹ̀ pípọ̀.

Ìkóran yìí máa ń ran ọpọlọ.

133 Assay

Determining the amount or purity of a

chemical substance in alloys, mixtures,

living tissues, or any other system, by

means or biological methods.

Ìtúpalè Mímọ iye èròjà kẹ́míkà ní irin,

àpapọ̀, ìṣù àyè, tàbí àwọn ẹ̀yà

ara mìíràn.

134 Assembly and

Budding

Names for a portion of the processes

by which new HIV virus is formed in

infected host cells. Viral core proteins,

enzymes and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Àpéjọ àti

àṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀yọ

Orúkọ tuntun tí a ń fún KASA

tí a ṣèdá nínú olùgbàlejò hóró.

Purotéènì fún kòkòrò, àti

ẹnsaimu pẹ̀lú RNA kórajọ sínu


gather just inside the cell's membrane,

while the viral envelope proteins

aggregate within the membrane.

awọ hóró nígbà tí èpoo àwọn

purotéènì a dàgbà nínú awọ.

135 Assisted childbirth An assisted birth is when a baby needs

help to be born with the aid of special

instruments.

Ìgbẹ̀bí

onírànlọ́wọ́

Ìgbẹ̀bí onírànlọ́wọ́ ni nípà tí

ọmọ kan bá nílò ìrànlọ́wọ́ láti

bí i pẹ̀lú ìrànlọ́wọ́ àwọn irin-

iṣẹ́ pàtàkì kan.

136 Asthenia Weakness; lack or loss of energy or

strength. Àìlókun Àìlera, àìlẹ́mìí tàbí àìní-okun

nínú.

137 Asymptomatic Without symptoms. Usually used in

AIDS literature to describe a person

who has a positive reaction to one of

several tests for HIV antibodies, but

who shows no clinical symptoms of

the disease.

Àìsàn aláìlámì Àìsàn aláìlámì tí a sábà máa ń

lò nínú lítírésọ̀ ààrùn ìṣọdọ̀lẹ

àjẹsára láti ṣe àpèjúwe ẹni tí ó

ní ìṣesí àyẹ̀wò sójà fún KASA,

ṣùgbọ́n tí kò fi àmì ààrùn hàn.

138 Asymptomatic

HIV infection

Stage of HIV infection during which

there are no symptoms of HIV

infection. During this stage of HIV

infection, which varies in length of

time from person to person, HIV

slowly destroys the immune system.

Ìkóràn KASA

aláìlámì

Ìpele ìkóràn KASA tí kì í sí

àmì ìkóràn. Ní àkókò ìkóràn

KASA yìí, èyí tí ó ní ìyàtọ̀

àkókò láti ọ̀dọ̀ ẹnìkan sí

òmíràn, KASA máa ń pa

àjẹsára.

139 Ataxia There is incoordination of gait and

balance, and this is due to the damage

of the cerebellum and spinal cord.

Alcoholism may also result in such

imbalance.

Àìsàn

amáragbó

Àìledarí ní ìwọ̀ntunwọ̀nsì tí ó

wá nípaṣẹ̀ ìsọ̀ro ọpọlọ àti ọpá

ẹ̀yìn. Àmupara oṭí lè jẹ́

okùnfà.


26

140 Atherosclerosis The gradual build-up of plaque inside

of artery walls. (Plaque is made up of

fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other

substances found in blood.) Over time,

the plaque hardens and narrows the

arteries, decreasing the flow of

oxygen-rich blood to organs and other

parts of the body.

Adí òpó ìpínjè ̣ Jíjáde ààrùn nínú odi òpó

ìpínjẹ̀ kékéré. Ààrùn yìí a máa

ní ọ̀rá, kásíọ́mù àti àwọn èròjà

mìíràn inú ẹ̀jẹ̀. Èérí à máa jẹ́ kí

òpójẹ̀ le kí ó sì tín-ín-rín, tí ó

sì mú àdínkù bá ẹ̀jẹ̀ tí ó ń lọ sí

ọkàn àti ẹ̀yà ara yòókù tí ó kún

fún èémí àmísínú.

141 Attenuated Weakened or decreased. For example,

an attenuated virus can no longer

produce disease but might be used to

produce a vaccine.

Ìdínkù okun Ìsọdọ̀lẹ tàbí ìdínkù. Bí àpẹẹrẹ,

kòkòrò ìdínkù okun kò lè pèsè

àìsàn ṣùgbọ́n ó ṣe é lò láti pèsè

àjẹsára.

142 Autoantibody An antibody that is active against some

of the tissues of the organism that

produced it.

Sójà agbógun-

tira-ẹni

Sójà-ara tí ó sẹ tako àwọn ìṣù

abẹ̀mí tí ó pèsè wọn.

143 Autoimmune

disorder

A condition that occurs when the

immune system mistakenly attacks and

destroys healthy body tissue.

Autoimmune disorders may be caused

by drugs used to treat opportunistic

infections.

Àìsàn

agbógun-tira-

ẹni

Ọsẹ́ tí ó ṣẹ̀ nígbà tí àjẹsára bá

ṣèèsì tako àti ba ìmọ̀lára jẹ́.

Ìṣe-ṣégeṣège àìsàn agbógunti-

ara-ẹnilè wáyé nípa òògùn lílò

láti dènà ìkóràn awá-àǹfààní.

144 Autoinoculable Susceptible to being inoculated with

microorganisms from one's own body. Atúnfún-

ara-ẹni

Ó ṣe é ṣe láti ní àjẹsára pẹ̀lú

abẹ̀mí-aláìfojúrí láti ara ẹni.

145 Autologous Pertaining to the same organism or one

of its parts; originating within an

organism itself.

Látara

ẹnífúnni

Ajẹmọ́ ẹya abẹ̀mí tàbí apá kan

lára rẹ̀; láti ara abẹ̀mi yẹn gan-

an fúnra re.


146 Auxiliary Acting to support or supplement a

group of people. Aṣèrànwọ́ Ṣe iṣẹ́ láti ran tàbí ikúnwọ́ fún

àkójọpọ̀ àwọn ènìyàn kan.

147 Avascular

Necrosis (AVN)

Death of bone tissue (osteonecrosis)

due to a lack of blood supply.

Avascular necrosis (AVN) most

commonly affects the hip. Symptoms

include pain in the affected area of the

body, limited range of motion, joint

stiffness, muscle spasms, and limping.

Ìdíwọ́ ẹ̀jẹ̀

asọhóró dòkú

Asọhóró dòkú nítorí àìlẹ́jẹ̀tó.

Ìdíwọ́ ẹ̀jẹ̀ asọ hóró dòkú máa

ńṣe àkóbá fún ìbàdí. Àwọn

àmì àìsàn yìí ni ìrora ni ojú

ìpalára, àìlèdúró sinsin, ara

gígan àti títiro.

148 Azidothymidine

(AZT)

One of the first drugs used against HIV

infection, AZT is a nucleoside analog

that suppresses replication of HIV.

Òògùn KASA Ọ̀kan lára òògùn àkọ́kọ́ tí a n

lò lòdì sí ìkóràn KASA;

Òògùn Asiti jẹ́ ẹ̀yà èròjà

kòkòrò hóró kinni tí ó ń kiwọ́

ẹ̀dà KASA bolẹ̀.

149 B Cell lymphoma Lymphoma is a form of cancer that

affects the immune system,

specifically involving the white blood

cell type called B lymphocytes.

Jẹjẹrẹ hóró B Jẹjẹrẹ hóró B jẹ́ ọ̀kan lára

jẹjẹrẹ tí ó máa ń nípa lórí ètò

ajẹsára, pàápàá ẹ̀yà hóró ẹ̀jẹ̀

funfun B.

150 B Lymphocytes

(B Cells)

One of the two major classes of

lymphocytes. During infections, these

cells are transformed into plasma cells

that produce large quantities of

antibody directed at specific

pathogens.

Hóró B Ọ̀kan lára ẹ̀yà hóró omi-ara.

Ní àsìkò ìkóràn, àwọn hóró

wọ̀nyìí máa n paradà di hóró

oje-ẹ̀jẹ̀ tó n pèsè sójà lọ́pọ̀ sí

àwọn àjèjì adáralóró.

151 Bacteria A group of microorganisms all of

which lack a distinct nuclear Batéríà

Ọ̀wọ́ àwọn abẹ̀mí-aláìṣeéfojúrí

tí kò ní oje-ìsàkóso tí púpọ̀


28

membrane (and hence are considered

more primitive than animal and plant

cells) and most of which have a cell

wall of unique composition (many

antibiotics act by destroying the

bacterial cell wall).

wọn sì ní odi hóró ti a pèsè rẹ̀

pẹ̀lú èròjà ọ̀tọ̀ (ọ̀pọ̀ atako-

batéríà máa ń ba odi hóró náà

jẹ́).

152 Bacterial Of or pertaining to bacteria, as in a

bacterial lung infection. Ajẹmọ́ batéríà Ajẹmọ́ bateria bíi ìkóràn ààrùn

ẹ̀dọ̀fóró.

153 Bacterial vaginosis Bacterial vaginosis (BV) or very

uncommonly vaginal bacteriosis is an

infection of the vagina caused by

bacteria.

Ìkóràn

bateria ojú-

ara

Èyí ni ààrùn ojú- abẹ́ tí ó wá

nípaṣẹ̀ bateria.

154 Bactericidal Capable of killing bacteria. Apa batéríà Lagbára láti pa bateria.

155 Bactericide A drug used to kill bacteria. Òògùn apa

batéríà

Òògùn tí à ń lò láti pa bateria.

156 Bacteriostat A drug used to prevent the growth of

bacteria. Bacteriostats do not kill

bacteria.

Òògùn adá

batéríà dúró

Òògùn tí a n lò láti dènà

ìdàgbàsókè batéríà. Òògùn adá

batéríà dúró kìí pa batéríà

157 Bacteriostatic Capable of inhibiting the reproduction

of bacteria.

Ìdíwọ́ ìgbèrú

batéríà

Tí ó séṣe kí ó ṣe ìdíwọ́ fún

ìgbèrú batéríà.

158 Baculovirus A virus of insects used in the

production of some HIV vaccines. Kòkòrò èèrùn Kòkòrò èèrùn tí a n lò fún

ìgbèrú àwọn àjẹsára KASA.

159 Bartonellosis A group of infections caused by the

bacteria Bartonella. Examples of the

various infections include cat scratch

disease, trench fever, bacillary

angiomatosis (BA), and bacillary

Àìsàn kòkòrò

batonẹla

Àkójọpọ̀ ìkóràn tí ó ń wá

nípasẹ̀ kòkòrò batonẹ́là.

Àpẹẹrẹ ìkóràn bẹ́ẹ̀ ni àìsàn

ìhọra músù, iba-iná-orí, abbl.

Èyí máa ń farahàn lára àwọn


peliosis hepatis. BA and bacillary

peliosis hepatis occur only in people

with weakened immune systems, such

as people with HIV.

ènìyàn tí àjẹsára wọn ti dọ̀lẹ

bíi àwọn ènìyàn tí o ń gbe pẹ̀lú

KASA.

160 Baseline (1) Information gathered at the

beginning of a study from which

variations found in the study are

measured. (2) A known value or

quantity with which an unknown is

compared when measured or assessed.

Ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ pẹ̀pẹ̀ (1) Ìfitónilétí tí a gbà ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀

pẹ̀pẹ̀ ẹ̀kọ́. (2) Ìwọ̀n iye tàbí èyí

tí ohun àìmọ̀dí ṣe àfiwé

òdiwọ̀n tí a ṣe.

161 Basophil It is a type of white blood cells that are

responsible for the symptoms of

allergy. The granules stain blue when

exposed to a basic dye for microscopic

examination.

Hóró basofi Ẹ̀yà hóró ẹ̀jẹ̀ funfun tí ó wà

fún àmì àìsàn ẹ̀hun.

162 Bat A small nocturnal flying mammal with

leathery wings stretching from the

forelimbs to the rear legs and tail. Bats

eat fruits or insects, usually hang

upside down when resting, and often

use echolocation to detect their prey

and to navigate.

Àdán Èyí ni ẹ̀yà oníwàrà tí ó n fò ní

àṣálẹ́. Ó ní ẹsẹ̀ ní ẹ̀yìn àti ìrù.

Àdán máa n jẹ èso tàbí

kòkòrò; a máa dorí kodò nígbà

tó bá n sinmi, a máa lo

gbohùngbohùn láti mọ ìkógun

àti tí ó bá n fò.

163 Bedridden Confined to bed by sickness or old

age. Àìsàn

adánigúnlẹ̀

Àìsàn adánigúnlẹ̀.

164 Bedding The mattress, pillows and coverings

such as sheets, quilts, and blankets

used to prepare a bed.

Ohun ìbùsùn Ìbùsùn, ìrọ̀rí àti aṣọ ìbora tí a n

lò fún ìbùsùn.


30

165 Behaviour Change

Communication

(BBC)

This is an interactive process of any

intervention with individuals,

communities and/or societies (as

integrated with an overall programme)

to develop communication strategies to

promote positive behaviors which are

appropriate to their settings.

Ìbáraẹni-sọ̀rọ̀

fún ìyípadà

Èyí ni ìgbésẹ̀ ìfarakínra pẹ̀lú

ẹnikọ̀ọ̀kán, ìletò tàbí ìlú lọ́nà

àti àgbédìde ìgbésẹ̀ ìbá-ara-

ẹni-sọ̀rọ̀ àti láti ṣe ìgbélárugẹ

ìwà títọ́ tí ó sì bójúmu fún irú

ìgbékalẹ̀ bẹ́ẹ̀.

166 Being faithful to

partners

This is an act of clinging to one partner

and being faithful to one another.

Ìjẹ́ olótìítọ́ sí

olùbálòpọ̀

(Ẹni)

Èyí ni fífi ara mọ́ olùbálòpọ̀

ẹni àti kí àwọn méjéèjì sì jẹ́

olótìítọ́ sí ara wọn.

167 Belief system

A set of beliefs, especially religious or

political beliefs, that form a unified

system.

Ètò ìgbàgbọ́ Àpéjọpọ̀ àwọn ígbàgbọ́,

páàpáà ìgbàgbọ́ àwọn

olùfọkànsìn àti olóṣèlú tí ó di

ìtẹ́wọ́gbà.

168 Bicuspid valve One of the four valves of the heart.

This valve is situated between the left

atrium and the left ventricle.

Fáàbú

(Oníbejì) inú

Ọkàn

Òḳan nínú fáàbù méṛin tí ó wà

nínú òḳàn. Fáàbù yìí wà láàrin

òpó agbẹ́jẹ̀wọlé àti agbẹ́jẹ̀jáde.

169 Bilirubin (1) A bile pigment whose

measurement can be used as an

indication of the health of the liver.

(2) A substance released from old or

damaged red blood cells. Small

amounts of bilirubin normally enter the

bloodstream and circulate until they

reach the liver and then into the bowel,

where bilirubin is further broken down

and excreted. The normal value is 0.1

to 1.5 milligrams per litre of blood.

Òrónrò

ìdiwọ̀n ìlera

ẹ̀dọ̀

(1) Òrónrò ìdiwọ̀n ìlera ẹ̀dọ̀ ní

a n lò fún ìtọ́kasí ẹ̀dọ̀.

(2) Ohun tí a tu jáde láti ibi

èròjà àtijọ́ tàbí bíbàjẹ́ àwọn

hóró ẹ̀jẹ̀ pupa. Òrónrò ìdiwọ̀n

ìlera ẹ̀dọ̀ kékeré nígbà tó baá

wọnú ẹ̀jẹ̀ lọ tán, a máa ṣànyíká

títí yóò fi wọnú ẹ̀dọ̀fóró lọ

jáasí inú ìfun níbi tí aó ti

yàwọ́n dànù.


170 Binding antibody As related to HIV infection: An

antibody that attaches to some part of

the HIV virus. Binding antibodies may

or may not adversely affect the virus.

Sójà ara

alásomọ́

Ajẹmọ́ KASA, sójà tí ó somọ́

àwọn kòkòrò KASA kan. Ó ṣe

é ṣe kó ṣe àkóbá tàbí má ṣe

àkóbá fún kòkòrò.

171 Bioavailability A measure of the rate and extent to

which a drug is absorbed and becomes

available at the site of drug action in

the body.

Òdiwọ̀n

òògùn

Ìwọ̀n iye àti gbèdéke ìgbàwọ-

ara òògùn tàbí bí ó ṣe wa sí ni

ọ̀gangan ibi tí ó ti wúlò nínú

ara.

172 Biological

Response

Modifiers (BRMs)

Substances, either natural or

synthesized, that boost, direct or

restore normal immune defences.

BRMs include interferons,

interleukins, thymus hormones and

monoclonal antibodies.

Ìgbèrú

àjẹsára

Àwọn èròjà àtọwọ́da tàbí

aláìtọwọ́dá tí ó ṣèrànwọ́, darí

tàbí dá ajẹsára adààbòbò padà.

173 Biopsy The surgical removal of a piece of

tissue from a living subject for

microscopic examination to make a

diagnosis (for example, to determine

whether abnormal cells such as cancer

cells are present).

Ìmújáde fún

àyẹ̀wò

Ìṣẹ́ abẹ mímú ìmọ̀lára kúrò

nínú ohun àlààyè fún àyẹ̀wò

aláìfojúrí fi ṣe ìwádìí láti mọ̀

bóyá hóró aláìyẹ bíi jẹjẹrẹ wà

níbẹ̀.

174 Biotechnology (1) The use of living organisms or their

products to make or modify a

substance. These include recombinant

DNA techniques (also referred to as

genetic engineering) and hybridoma

technology. (2) The industrial

Ọgbọ́n ìmúṣẹ

ajẹmẹ́ẹ̀mí

Lílo ohun abẹ̀mí alààyè tàbí

àwọn èròjà wọn fún ìpèsè

èròjà mìíràn. A máa n lo

àpapọ̀ DNA àti àdàmọ̀dì ìmúṣe

fún ọgbọ́n ìmúṣẹ ajẹmẹ́ẹ̀mí

yìí.


32

application of the results of biological

research, particularly in fields such as

recombinant DNA or gene splicing,

which permits the production of

synthetic hormones or enzymes by

combining genetic material from

different species.

175 Bird flu This is an acute and generally fatal

viral infectious disease of chickens and

other domestic and wild birds.

Lùkúlùkú/

Kọ́ọ́lí

Ó jẹ́ ògidì ìkóràn ààrùn tí ó ní

agbára, a sì máa mú adìẹ àti

ohun ọ̀sìn abìyẹ́.

176 Birds A member of the class of animals aves

in the phylum chordate. Ẹyẹ Ọ̀kan lára àwọn ẹ̀yà ẹranko.

177 Bisexual This term is often used to describe

people whose sexual objects of choice

include both men and women.

Ṣakọsabo A máa n lò fún ènìyàn tí ó ní

ìbálòpọ̀ akọ àti abo.

178 b.i.d (“bis in die”) An abbreviation of a Latin word

meaning “two times a day.” The

abbreviation is commonly used in drug

dosing instructions.

Ẹ̀èṃejì

lójúmọ́

Èyí jẹ́ igékúrú ẹ̀ẹ̀méjì lójúmọ́.

179 Bitter kola Garcinia kola (bitter kola, a name

sometimes also used for G. afzelii) is a

species of flowering plant in the

Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family.

Orógbó

Èyí jẹ́ ọkan lára igi aládòdó

gbígbìn.

180 Bitter kola tree Garcinia kola or bitter kola is a tree

that grows in the rain forests of West

Africa. The fruit, seeds, nuts and bark

Igi orógbó Igi orógbó jẹ́ igi tí o máa ń

dàgbà ní ilẹ̀-igbó ní ìwọ̀-òòrùn

Afíríkà. Èso, àti ihá rẹ̀ ní à ń lò

English-Yorùbá Glossary of HIV, AIDS and Ebola-Related Terms · 2017-11-24 · ENGLISH-YORÙBÁ...

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Transcript of English-Yorùbá Glossary of HIV, AIDS and Ebola-Related Terms · 2017-11-24 · ENGLISH-YORÙBÁ...