ENGLISH WORLD ESO4

B Burlington Books

LOMCE Grammar Appendix

ENGLISH WORLD ESO 4 LOMCE Grammar Appendix

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The publisher gratefully acknowledges the following for providing photographs: © AP: page 11; © Dynamic Graphics, Inc.: page 8 (B); © Getty Images / PhotoDisc: page 8 (D); © Shutterstock, Inc.: pages 4, 7, 8 (E), 9, 10 (teens)

Copyright © 2015 Burlington Books

Contents

PAGE SUGGESTED USE AFTER:

4 Future Continuous Introduction

5 Relative Clauses Unit 2

6 Past Perfect Simple Unit 3

7 Zero Conditional, Revision of Conditionals

Unit 4

8 Temporals and Conditionals

Unit 4

9 Reported Speech Unit 6

10 Modals Unit 7

11 Grammar Revision Unit 9

Future Continuous

4

Rob: Can we meet this evening so that we can plan the surprise party?

Ann: Sorry, but my cousin 1. (visit) us this evening. What about Saturday? I 2. (not do) anything special then.

Rob: Sounds good. We can meet in the afternoon.

Ann: Why, what 3. you (do) all morning?

Rob: I 4. (sleep)!

Ann: OK. Can you come over to my house at 4.00? I’m free from 4.00 to 8.00.

Rob: Fine.

Ann: Good. I 5. (wait) for you.See you then.

3 Answer the questions about the dialogue in Exercise 2. Use the Future Continuous.

1. Why aren’t Rob and Ann meeting this evening?

2. When will Rob and Ann be meeting?

3. What will they be discussing?

4. Why aren’t they meeting on Saturday morning?

4 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the correct form of the Future Continuous.

play•leave•finish•take•come

1. Jack doesn’t feel well, so he to the party with me.

2. At this time tomorrow, we our maths exam. I hope it’s not very hard.

3. There’s a delay. The train the station for at least half an hour.

4. you your project over the weekend?

5. Where you basketball on Saturday? I’d like to join you.

5 Write questions with the words below. Use the Future Continuous. Then match the questions to the answers.

1. you / use / your bike / tomorrow

2. what time / you / leave / for the station

3. where / Vera / stay / in London

4. how many people / come / to the party

5. what / you / do / at six this evening

6. when / Larry / paint / his room

a. 15 d. at a small hotel

b. at 7 o’clock e. judo

c. all day tomorrow f. No, you can borrow it.

6 Write sentences with the words below. Use the Future Continuous.

1. he / sleep / between 4.00 and 6.00 / .

2. what / they / do / at this time next week / ?

3. you / study / in five years’ time / ?

4. I / not / arrive / until after midnight / .

5. she / watch TV / at 8.00 this evening / .

AffirmativeShe will be leaving soon. They will be leaving soon.

NegativeShe won’t be leaving soon. They won’t be leaving soon.

InterrogativeWill she be leaving soon? Will they be leaving soon?

Short Answers Yes, she will. / No, they won’t.

Time Expressionsnext week, tomorrow, this time tomorrow, on Sunday, at 8.00, soon

1 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the correct form of the Future Continuous.

work•sleep•do•notvisit•nottravel watch

1. Please don’t call after 10 pm tonight – I . I’m very tired.

2. My sister in Europe next month. She’ll be in South America.

3. Sara her aunt this weekend. She’s too busy.

4. My mother can’t drive us home. She late this evening.

5. your dad sport on TV tonight?

6. What you at 8.00 this evening?

2 Complete the dialogue with the verbs in brackets.UsetheFutureContinuous.

Relative Clauses

5

Defining clause

The town where I live is quite big.

Non-defining clause

The town, which is quite big, is famous for its oranges.

1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. In England, which / that / where it often rains, you need an umbrella.

2. People that / whom / whose homes were damaged by the fire will have to move.

3. The cake, whose / that / which we bought yesterday, was tasty.

4. Do you remember the summer that / where / when we spent in the mountains?

5. Can you remember the exact time which / when / where you heard the sound?

6. Our dentist, who / that / whom had been ill for some time, decided to retire.

7. New York is the city which / that / where I grew up.

8. Peter is going to marry a girl who / whose / that sister studies in my school.

2 Copy and complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun.

1. Have you tried the new restaurant is in the town square?

2. The rap star Eminem, real name is Marshall Bruce Mathers III, has had a lot of hit records.

3. Seventeen, is a magazine for teenage girls, is very popular.

4. Nobody can remember the day they were born!

5. Jason is the only friend I can really count on when I have a problem.

6. The lake we went swimming is not far from my home.

7. My French teacher, is very good at her job, comes from Marseilles.

8. The forest the boys got lost is frightening at night.

3 Copy and complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1. Mr Smith has just retired after teaching for 40 years. TEACHER

Mr Smith, for 40 years, has just retired.

2. Our holiday hotel was dirty. STAYED

The holiday hotel was dirty.

3. Our family doesn’t like spicy or salty food. IS

Our family doesn’t eat spicy or salty.

4. We all remember your graduation from university. WHEN

We all remember from university.

5. My grandmother owned these plates, so they are very special to me. BELONGED

These plates, , are very special to me.

6. We used to live in the beautiful city of Venice. LIVED

Venice, , is a beautiful city.

4 Combine the two sentences using a non-defining clause.Makeanynecessarychanges.

1. The blue-ringed octopus is poisonous. It lives in Australia.

The blue-ringed octopus, which lives in Australia, is poisonous.

2. Christina Aguilera became a mother in 2008. She is a famous singer.

3. Joanna always wears nice clothes. Her mum is a fashion designer.

4. Alton Towers is a theme park. It is in England.

5. Malta is a member of the European Union. My pen-friend lives there.

6. Ancient Olympia attracts lots of visitors. It is in the Peloponnese.

who has been a teacher

Watch Out!

The relative pronoun that

is not used in non-defining

clauses.

Past Perfect Simple

6

Affirmative She had arrived.

Negative We hadn’t arrived.

Interrogative Had he arrived?

Short Answers Yes, he had. / No, we hadn’t.

Time Expressionsyet, already, as soon as, after, before, by the time, until, when

1 Copy and complete B using the Past Perfect Simple. Then match A to B to form sentences.

A

1. Before I read the book Twilight,

2. I could answer the question

3. My brother was worried that

4. Ben was pretty upset because

5. Ellen couldn’t see the board because

6. Dave left the classroom as soon as

B

a. he (finish) the maths test.

b. he (forget) to lock the front door.

c. his friend (shout) at him.

d. I (see) the film.

e. after the teacher (explain) it.

f. she (leave) her glasses at home.

2 Copy and complete the sentences using the time expressions below. Use each time expression only once.

before•when•already•for•allday•after by the time

1. Tom had taken a course in film making, he made a short film of his own.

2. Betty finished school, she had studied French for seven years.

3. We ran to catch the bus, but it had left.

4. Our team played very well because we had practised several weeks.

5. I had never seen a kangaroo I went to Australia.

6. Dave was tired because he had worked .

7. We had already finished studying for the test the teacher decided to cancel it.

3 Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in bold.

1. I got up to open the door, but my mother opened it first. already

By the time I got to the door, my mother it.

2. The students left the classroom when the bell rang. had

After the bell , the students left the classroom.

3. They finished studying, so they went to the beach. had

They went to the beach because they studying.

4. We had absolutely no food left at the end of the picnic. eaten

By the time the picnic ended, everyone absolutely all the food.

had already opened

4 Copy and complete the sentences. Use the Past Simple or the Past Perfect Simple.

1. Sally (just get) to school when the bell (ring).

2. The film was boring and by the time it (end), Billy (fall) asleep.

3. I (buy) a new bike after I (save) enough money.

4. Sally (travel) to France after she (study) French.

5. After the children (do) their homework, they (go) to the park.

6. Richard (be) happy because his grandparents (buy) him a puppy.

5 Write sentences. Use the Past Simple and the Past Perfect Simple.

1. Adam / have / a stomach ache / because / he / eat / too much chocolate

Adam had a stomach ache because he had eaten too much chocolate.

2. Mary / start to drive / after / she / look / at the map

3. The bus / leave / before / I / arrive

4. We / finish / the game / by the time / it / begin / to rain

5. Carl / come / home / as soon as / he / finish / his lesson

We use the Past Perfect Simple for the action that happened first and the Past Simple for the action that happened second.

The bus had left before I arrived.

Zero Conditional

7

If we want cheap vegetables, we go to the market.

1 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbs below. Use the Zero Conditional.

get•feel•fly•go•do•wear

1. If I study, I better in exams.

2. The ground wet if it rains.

3. If she to the London office, she takes the train.

4. If athletes protective gear, they get hurt less often.

5. If I do a lot of sport, I great.

6. You need a passport if you to another country.

2 Choose the correct answer.

1. If Anna had closed her bag, she her purse.

a. wouldn’t lose c. wouldn’t have lost

b. won’t lose

2. If the phone rings, please it.

a. to answer c. will answer

b. answer

3. Tammy wouldn’t have fallen if she such a long skirt.

a. didn’t wear c. hadn’t worn

b. wouldn’t have worn

4. If you don’t meet Sam at the station, he your house.

a. would never find c. never finds

b. will never find

5. Unless you drink enough water, you a headache.

a. would get c. will get

b. would have got

6. Karen would invite more people to the party if she ..... a bigger house.

a. would have c. had had

b. had

7. If Harry ..... your birthday, he would have bought you a present.

a. had remembered c. would have remembered

b. remembered

8. Unless I a famous actress, I wouldn’t live in Hollywood.

a. will be c. had been

b. were

Revision of Conditionals

3 MatchAtoBtomakesentences.

A

1. David wouldn’t have broken his leg

2. If I were a teacher,

3. If Megan makes you angry,

4. If you go to the market tomorrow,

5. Unless I phone,

6. Holly would take the train to work

7. Ray would have phoned

B

a. if he had arrived home from holiday.

b. you should tell her. You’re much too polite.

c. if she lived near the station.

d. I wouldn’t give my students any homework.

e. if he hadn’t climbed that tree.

f. I will come with you.

g. come tomorrow at 4.00.

4 Copy and complete the sentences. Use the wordsinbold.Thentick(3) the sentences that are true for you.

1. If I have time today, visit / my grandparents

2. If I were rich, give / money to the poor

3. If I lived in the USA, go / to Disney World every week

4. If I buy a book in English, my parents / be happy

5. If I hadn’t gone to school today, sleep / all day

6. If I exercise too much, my legs / hurt

5 What do parents often say? Copy and complete the sentences.

1. If you didn’t watch so much TV, .

2. You would feel better .

3. You wouldn’t be tired .

4. Unless you study harder, .

5. You would learn a lot .

I will visit my grandparents.

Watch Out!

unless = if not

Temporals and Conditionals

8

1 Choose the grammatically correct sentence in each pair. Then match the sentence to a picture.

1. a. If you mix blue and red, you get purple.

b. If you mix blue and red, you would get purple.

2. a. Unless you hurry, you miss the train.

b. Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.

3. a. If I were you, I would apologise.

b. If I were you, I had apologised.

4. a. Tim wouldn’t have hurt his neck if he didn’t fall off his bike.

b. Tim wouldn’t have hurt his neck if he hadn’t fallen off his bike.

5. a. If I would live in Africa, I wouldn’t be so cold.

b. If I lived in Africa, I wouldn’t be so cold.

2 Match A and B to complete the sentences.

A

1. I would have sent you a postcard

2. We won’t start the game

3. If I were you,

4. Don’t wear that hat

5. If you took up a new sport,

6. Dad will clean the garage on Saturday

7. I will go to the party

8. If I had remembered my umbrella,

B

a. I would take some vitamins.

b. I wouldn’t have got wet.

c. if he has time.

d. as long as my parents agree.

e. if I had had your address with me.

f. until everyone arrives.

g. which one would you choose?

h. unless you want everyone to laugh at you.

3 Copy and complete the sentences with the verbsinbrackets.UsetheZero,First,Secondor Third Conditional or a temporal.

1. If you (read) this more carefully, you wouldn’t have got the answer wrong.

2. Do you think Julia (look) better if she had short hair?

3. What you (do) after school if you’ve only got a little bit of homework?

4. You won’t be warm enough unless you (wear) a sweater.

5. My dog (start) barking the moment she hears my key in the door.

4 Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in bold.

1. We’ll go to the cinema, but first we’ll have dinner. before

We’ll have dinner to the cinema.

2. Sally is tired all the time because she goes to bed late. not

If Sally to bed late, she wouldn’t be tired all the time.

3. If Steve feels better tomorrow, he’ll go to school. as soon as

better, he’ll go to school.

4. Ellen was late for school yesterday because she didn’t hear her alarm clock. been

Ellen late for school if she had heard her alarm clock.

A

D

C

B

E

Reported Speech

9

3 Copy and complete the sentences. Use the words in bold.

1. “I will come back from England next week,” Lyn said. come

Lyn told us she from England the following week.

2. “Why don’t you take a taxi home?” Laura said. suggested

Laura a taxi home.

3. “Sam can help you later,” my mother said. could

My mother said that Sam later.

4. “Don’t sit on the wet paint,” Mark said to me. not

Mark warned on the wet paint.

5. “Let’s meet for lunch,” Tom said. we

Tom suggested that for lunch.

6. “I’ll come this evening at 8.00 pm,” Dan offered. to

Dan offered evening at 8.00 pm.

7. “We’ll meet tonight at eight o’clock,” Karen said. that

Karen said that they night at eight o’clock.

4 Adam and Joe are helping their aunt and uncle on their farm. Read the list of things they have to do. Then complete Joe’s e-mail. Use reported speech.

would come back

Hi Max,Adam and I are staying with our aunt and uncle this weekend. They’ve got a big farm and we’re helping them. We have got plenty of things to do.They asked us (1) the ducks and (2) the ponies. We like doing these things. They also told us things that we already knew. For example, they asked us (3) the gate open. They told us (4) near the bull. They also asked us (5) the lights when we left.We’re having a lot of fun. Are you having a good weekend? I hope so!Joe

Don’t forget!

• feedtheducks

•brushtheponies

•don’tleavethegateopen

•don’tgonearthebull

• turnoffthelightswhenyouleave

Questions

“Do the boys play hockey?” She asked if / whether the boys played hockey.

What sport do the girls play? She asked what sport the girls played.

Commands

“Don’t touch that!” She told me not to touch that.

Suggestions

“Let’s try this.” He suggested that we try that.

Offers

“I’ll help you with your homework.” He offered to help me with my homework.

1 Copy and complete the sentences in reported speech. Pay attention to all the changes.

1. “The band will play tomorrow,” he said.

He said that the band .

2. “We can meet here,” Sam said.

Sam said that they .

3. “Pat is having a party this weekend.” Lynn said.

Lynn said that Pat .

4. “There is a good film today,” the teacher said.

The teacher said that .

5. “I want to leave now,” Jon said.

Jon said that he .

6. “I must study tonight,” Nancy said.

Nancy said that she .

2 Write the questions in reported speech.

1. “Are you watching the game tonight?” Neville asked.

Neville asked if / whether I was watching the game that night.

2. “Will we see Jake at the party tomorrow?” David asked.

3. “Can we come over this weekend?” Tina asked.

4. “Which school does Ben go to?” Larry asked.

5. “What time are the girls going to the beach?” Sam asked.

would play the next day

Modals

10

be able to need to

Steve is able to ski. Children need to go to school.

Dad wasn’t able to get tickets. I don’t need to buy a new shirt.

We will be able to go to the party. They will need to leave soon.

1 Write each sentence in the negative and interrogativeforminyournotebook.

1. Dave is able to meet us for lunch.

2. We were able to get tickets for the show.

3. You will be able to download the photos.

4. He needs to do his homework now.

5. Sarah needed to buy her plane ticket yesterday.

6. They will need to bring an umbrella.

2 Lookatthepicturesandcompletethesentences. Use the affirmative or negative form of be able to.

3 Copy and complete the sentences. Use the affirmative or negative form of need to.

1. Greg can’t go out. He study for a test.

2. Helen leave soon. She has got a piano lesson.

3. I can do this by myself. You help me.

4. Peter get up early last week. He was on holiday.

5. We are going to a restaurant tonight, so we cook.

6. What the gymnasts do if they want to be in the team?

4 Copy and complete the sentences with the modals below. Use each modal only once.

don’tneedto•beableto•haveto•might shouldn’t•mustn’t•may•can•could

1. You drink and drive because it’s illegal and dangerous.

2. We won’t buy a new car till we save some money.

3. You take an umbrella; it’s not raining outside.

4. You start eating before your host eats. It’s not so polite.

5. The students didn’t do any homework because it was a holiday.

6. He’s only six years old, but he already play the piano.

7. I have a cup of coffee, please?

8. My reading glasses be anywhere in the house. Where did I leave them?

9. We go to the party on Saturday night. I’m not sure yet.

Revision of Modals

Susan has hurt her foot, so she walk very well.

Jack and Sue aren’t in a hurry this afternoon, so they to help their grandfather.

It took a long time but in the end, the police officer catch the thief.

Mr Bellows open his car door yesterday.

Don’t worry about the ketchup on your shirt. I’m sure I wash it off.

Mrs Henry speak to you at the moment. She is in a meeting.

1

5

4

3

2

6

Watch Out!

We can use be able to and

need to in different tenses.

Grammar Revision

11

1 Answer the questions. Use full sentences.

1. What do you do every day after school?

2. What are you doing now?

3. What kind of day did you have yesterday?

4. What is the strangest food you’ve ever eaten?

5. What would you do if you found �100?

6. Where are you going to go on holiday next summer?

7. Where can you buy the coolest clothes in your town or city?

8. What subjects are taught in your school?

2 Copy the sentences. Underline the time expressions in each sentence. Then circle the correct tense.

1. My parents had already left / has already been left by the time I arrived.

2. I think / amthinking it would be a good idea to take my cousin to the funfair later.

3. My friend is going to paint / has painted her bedroom next weekend.

4. I have studied / had studied French for three years before I moved to Paris.

5. Paul said that he didn’t go / hadn’t gone to school the day before.

6. Debbie is still ill today and so she won’t come / doesn’t come to the meeting this afternoon.

7. Have you seen / Did you see the painting of the Mona Lisa when you were in Paris?

8. While my neighbour wasworking / worked in the garden, somebody wasbreaking / broke into her car.

9. We didn’t eat / haven’t eaten anything since early this morning.

3 Copy and complete the sentences using the time expressions below.

recently•bythetime•as•since•just•ago•thisafternoon•seldom•for

1. Helen has told me the good news!

2. There is very little rain in the desert. It rains there.

3. Our guest will be arriving at 4.00 .

4. Did dinosaurs really exist millions of years ?

5. I was opening the window, I knocked over a plant.

6. I have known Vicky I started primary school.

7. Chris has been a footballer a few years now.

8. Have you read any good books ?

9. Julie arrived, we had already started eating.

4 Readthetextbelowandthinkofthewordwhichbestfitseachblank. Useonlyonewordineachblank.

I’m sure you’ve heard of Britney Spears, but (1) you know that she has got a younger sister? Me neither! But she has. Jamie Lynn Spears, who is 10 years younger (2) Britney, may not be as famous as her sister, but she (3) already appeared in a film and on TV. Julia Roberts has got not only a brother, but also a sister who have tried (4) follow in her footsteps. They are both actors, but of course they are not (5) well known as she is. I wonder what it is like to come from such a famous family. How (6) you feel if you had a brother or sister (7) was so famous that everyone knew their name? Would you plan on a different career or would you (8) to be a star, too?

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