Syntax : Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences.

Shubham VerlekarAU160001

FYBA

Department of EnglishParvatibai Chowgule College of Arts and Science

(Autonomous)

Idea of Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences.• Simple sentences live upto their name and are very simple• They are basically independent sentences

Connor is Happy.Connor likes Pizza.

• Compound sentences are basically two simple sentences combined together with an conjunction

Connor is happy because he got pizza.• Complex Sentences is where it begins with a conjunction

and then answers it/ continues with Simple Sentence. Ideas are usually separated by Commas.

Because Connor got to eat pizza, He’s happy

Simple Sentences• A simple sentence contains a subject and verb.

She likes me.• It expresses a single complete thought.• A simple sentence is a single independent clause.

Examples

James goes to the library and studies every day.Alicia crept through a dark house.

Compound Sentences• A compound sentence contains two independent clauses.• Which means it has two subjects and two verbs/predicates.• Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, and yet, so) join these independent

clauses. ACRONYM : FANBOYS

Examples

. Lily played football, so Tomi went shopping.They went to beach because it was evening.

More on compound sentences.• The second way to join the clauses in a compound

sentence is to use a semicolon (;) in place of both the comma and the coordinating conjunction. For example, She could not find her keys; they must have fallen somewhere.• Without a coordinating conjunction the logical relationship between the

two clauses in the following sentence might be confusing. Which is why they are avoided

Erica’s grandfather has lived in the United States for fifty years; he has never learned to speak English.Erica’s grandfather has lived in the United States for fifty years, but he has never learned to speak English

COMPLEX! Sentences• A complex sentence is an independent clause joined by

one or more dependent clauses.• A subordinating conjunction begins the dependent claus

es.• A dependent clause that begins a sentence must be

followed by comma.• A dependent clause does have a subject and a verb, but

it does not make sense on its own.

• Example : When the evening came, they rested.

Dependent ClausesA dependent clause, unlike independent clause, cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Instead, it must be attached to, or depend on, an independent clause to form a grammatically complete sentence and to express a complete idea.When he comes over . . . If we come to the play . . . Before we saw the movie . .

• Subordinating conjunctions because the word subordinate means “of lesser importance.” Grammatically speaking, a dependent clause is “less important” than an independent clause because it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence

Dependent Clauses….• The subordinating conjunctions used to begin adverb clauses

describe verbs by telling how, when, where, why, or under what conditions the action occurs. • how: as if, as though • when: after, as, as soon as, before, until, when, whenever, while • where: where, wherever why: because, in order that, since, so

that • under what conditions: although, as long as, even though, if,

though, unless

Subordinate ConjunctionsAfter how UntilAlthough if UnlessAs in as much   as if in order that When as long as At least Whenever as much as now that whereas soon wherever as though SinceWhile because so thatBefore even if Thateven though   though

Complex sentences.• Circle the subordinating conjunction. But Identify if they are

complex at all or not?!• While we studied, / he watched television. • I babysat / so that they could go to a movie. • As long as we communicate, / we will remain friends.• Underline the depend clauses• When Americans think of the Old West they picture cowboys and

Indians riding across miles of open range. • This scene changed after large numbers of farmers and ranchers

began to settle on the plains.• These settlers needed to build fences so that they could mark the

boundaries of their property and protect their livestock and their crops