English Suffix and Prefix

8/9/2019 English Suffix and Prefix

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Prefixa(n)-

ab-

acr(o)-

ad-

aden(o)-

aer(o)-

agr(o)-

alt-

alter-

am-

an(a)-

andr-

anem-

Anglo-

ante-anthropo-

ant(i)-

aut(o)-

bar(o)-

bathy-

be-

ben-

bi-

bi(o)-

bibli(o)-

blast(o)-

brady-

brom(o)-

bronch(o)-

cac(o)-

cad/cas-

cardi(o)-

cent-, centi-

cephal(o)-

chrom(ato)-

chron(o)-

circum-

co-

colpo-

con-

contr-

cosm(o)-

counter-

crin(o)-

cryo-

crypt(o)-

cyt(o)-culp-

dactyl(o)-


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de-

dec(a)-, dek(a)-

deci-

dem(o)-

derm(at)-

di-

dia-

didact(o)-

dis-

dok,dox(o)-

dynam(o)-

dys-

eco-

ecto-

edaph(o)-

electr(o)-

embry(o)-

end(o)-, ent(o)-

enne(a)-

enter(o)-

eo-

ep(i)-, eph-

erg(o)-

erythr(o)-

erot(o)-

ethno-

eu-

Euro-

ex-

exo-

extra-

flor-

fore-

gyn-

hemi-

hemo-

hex(a)-

hydro-

hyper-hyp(o)-

in-

in-1

inter-

intra-

kilo-

Litho-

Luso-

ac- or c-

macro-

mal-

maxi-

c-


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mega(l)-

meso-

meta-

micro-

mid-

milli-

mini-

mis-

mon(o)-

multi-

myco-

myri(a)-

non-

non-

!"-

oct(o)-,oct(a)-

omni-

oo- (#oo-oh#)

out-

o$er-

pent(a)-

peri(o)-

phyto-

post-

pre-

pro-

psycho-

pyro-

%uadr-, %uart-

%uin%ue-

%uint(i)-

re-

rect(i)-

retro-

scler(o)-

semi-

sept(a)-

sex(i)-

&ino-spasm(o)-

sperm-

spher(o)-

sphygm(o)-

splen(o)-

splanchn(o)-

schi'(o)-, schist(o)-

staphyl(o)-

stom(ato)-

styl-

sub-

super-

syn-


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tach(y)-

tel(e)-

tel(o)-

theo-

trans-

tri-

ti-

ultra-

un1-

under-

uni-

up-

ur-

ur(o)-

$ita-

ith-

'oo- (#'oo-oh#)

Suffix

able

-ad

-age

-agogy

-arch

-archy

-athlon

-cede, -ceed

-cele, -coele, -coel

-cele

-centesis

-cephalic

-chondrion

-cide

-city

-clude

-cracy

-cy

-cycle

-dom

-duce

-duct

-ectasia, -ectasis

-ectomy-eme

-emia


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-enchyma

-er

-er

-ergy

-es%ue

-ess

-esthesis, -esthesia

-fugal fuge

-ful

-fusion

-gate

-gnosis

-gon

-gress

-gry

-hedron

-holic

-hood

-ible

-ic

-ics

-icle

-id

fy, ify

-illion

-ish sort of*

-ism

-ist

-itis

-itude

-ity

-ium

-i$e

-i'e or -ise

-i''le

-+ect

-+oin

-kinesis

-less-let

-ly

-man

-mancy

-mania

-meter or -metre

-metry

-mit

-morphism

-ography or -ogram

-oid r

-ologist


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-ology

-ome

-omics

-onomy

-onym

-osis

-ous

-pend

-phagy, -phagia

-philia

-phobia

-phone

-phyte

-place

-plete

AE.

-port

-pose

-potent (or -potence)

-pound

-press, -print

-proach

-science

-scope

-script

-semble

-sert

-ship circle

-side

-sist

-stan

-ster

-struct

-tail

-tain

-test

-th

-tom/-tome

-tory

-tropism

-us

-$ille

-$ious

-$ol$e

-$oke

-$ore / -$orous

-ard/-ards

-are

-here-ise

-y


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Meaningnot, ithout

aay

high, up, hill

near, at

gland

air

relating to farming

high

another

lo$e

out of

man

ind

English or ritish

beforerelating to human beings

against

self

hea$iness, hea$y

deep

completely, excessi$ely* forms transiti$e $erbs

ell

to

life

relating to books

bud, germination

slo

stench

relating to breathing

bad

a fall

heart

hundred or hundredth

head

colour

time

around

together

$agina

ith, together

against, opposite

against, opposite

cry(shed tears)

frost, icy cold

hidden

cell (originally hollo receptacle)fault

finger, digit


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taking something aay, the opposite

ten

one tenth

people

skin

to, double

through

apt at teaching

apart, separation, re$erse, opposite

$ie, teaching

poer, force

bad, deformed, abnormal

house

outer, external

soil

relating to Electricity

embryo

inside

nine

intestine

earliest, most

upon, abo$e, around

ork, labour

red

lo$e

race, people

good

European

former

outside

outside, beyond, additional

relating to floers

before, in ad$ance

female

half

blood

six

ater

excessi$e0, ha$ing more than three spatial dimensions (mathematics)belo0

intensi$ely

not

beteen, mutual

ithin

thousand

ock

2ortuguese

son of (often used in last names)

large

bad

many ,most

c3onalds-like,


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million, $ery large

middle

after, beyond

one millionth, $ery small

in the middle of

thousandth

small

bad, rong

one, single

many

relating to fungi

4en thousand

not

nine

(son) of (often used in last names)

eight

all

egg, o$um

more, to a greater degree

more than normal, too much

fi$e

around, about, enclosing, near

relating to plants

after

before

for, in fa$our of

mind,mental

fire, flame

four

fi$e

fifth, fi$e

again, repeatedly

proper, straight

backard

hard

half, partial

se$en

six

5hinesespasm

seed

sphere, ball

pulsation

spleen

$iscera

split

cluster, u$ula

mouth

pillar

belo, less than, under,0

extremely, more than,0

together, united, at the same time


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rapid, accelerated

distance, distant

end

god

across, beyond

three

to

extremely, beyond

not, opposite, take

belo, incompletely

one, single

higher

first, original

urine uric,

life

together, united

relating to animals

Meaning

capable, can do

group

forming a noun

leading

ruler, leader

rule, leadership

sporting e$ent

go

body ca$ity

tumor, hernia

puncturing

relating to the head

small grainlike structure

murder, killing agent

practice

rule (in the context of rule by a king, rule by the people, etc6)

expressing the %uality of an ad+ecti$e

circle, cycle, unit of radio fre%uency

state or condition of

bring, lead

into

stretching out

surgical remo$allinguistic unit

blood condition


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cellular tissue

changes $erb to noun (see also -or)

male

ork

in the style of

female

sensation, feeling

dri$ing or tra$elling aay from, expelling

full of, ha$ing some or much

pour together

a scandal, often political (back-formed from the 7atergate scandal)

knoing

geometric shape

to alk, entrance

ad+ecti$e form of only 0 or 8 nouns in the English language

geometric solid

lo$e, addiction

state/condition of, a group sharing characteristics

like -able, for Latin origins

(ad+ecti$e)

4echnology

originally referring to a spike-like formation

skin rash

to become, make

large numbers

approximately

doctrine, act, practice, condition

person

disease, inflammation

expressing state or condition

metallic element (exception9 helium)

make the noun an ad+ecti$e

to cause, to be, to become

used for hip hop slang

thro (in, out, etc)

+oin

mo$ement (ability thereof)

lack of diminuti$e, or denoting a relation to some part of the body

person

di$ination by

an irrational but irresistible moti$e for a belief or action

measuring de$ice

measure

send

form

riting, description

esembling

one ho studies a scientific sub+ect

like, ha$ing the attributes of* :n modern English, primarily changes ad+ecti$es to

ad$erbs* also changes some nouns to ad+ecti$es and some (past-tense) $erbs to

ad$erbs


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study, science

biological entity

area of biology

knoledge of

name, ord

process, action, formation, diseased condition

%uality from nature, chemical element

to hang

eating

attraction

fear

sound, audio* speaker of a language

place

to fill

referring to city or big area

to mo$e or to carry

put

poer

put

impress, repress, imprint, reprint

near

knoing

from ;reek skopos, $ie* instrument for $ieing and obser$ing spaces

ritten

same, similar

+oin

state of being

side

stop, stand

land, country

people

pile, build

to cut

to hold

itness

ordinal number, forming a noun

part or segment

to turn

inflammation

city, ton from


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3ecentrali'ation, dehydration, 3ena'ification

decamerous, 3ecember, decimeter

deciliter

demographics, democracy

dermatology, dermatitis

diurnal

diameter, diagnosis, diarrhea

didactic

dissent, disco$ery, disambiguation

doxology, dogma, orthodox

dynamic, dynamite, dynamo

dyspepsia, dystrophy, dysarthria

economy, ecology, ecosystem, ecotage

ectomorphic, ectoparasite

edaphic

electrocution, electroencephalogram

embryogenesis

endoscope, endothermic, entoblast

enneastyle, enneagram

enteritis

primiti$e eobacterium, eohippus

epitaxy, epicenter, ephemeral

ergonomics synergy, energy

erythrocite

erotic, erotomania

ethnology, ethnolinguistics, ethnocentrism

eulogy, euthanasia, eugenics, euphemism

Euro-2, Eurocentric

ex-ife, ex-president

exoskeleton

extra-thin, extra-special extraordinary, extraterrestrial

florist

foreskin, foreshadoing

gynaecology, gynoid

hemimetabolous, hemisphere

hemophilia, hemophobia

hexapod, hexagonal, hexameter

hydrogen, hydry

hyperacti$e, hyperthyroidismhypodermic, hypnosis

inflammable, in$aluable

infallibility, illiteracy, immoral, irrele$ant

inter$ention, international, internet

intramural, intra$enous, intraocular

kilogram, kiloatt

lithosphere

lusophone

c5arthy, =irsty ac5oll

macrobiology, macroscopic

malpractice, malnutrition

maximal, maximum

often derogatory c>ob, c2aper


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egabyte, megaphone, megalopolis

esoamerica, mesoscale

etacarpal, metaphysics

microgram, microorganism, micronation

mid-term elections, id-Autumn


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tachycardia, tachymeter, tachyon

telecommunications, tele$ision, telephoto lens, telodynamic

teloblast, telophase

theology, theogony

transfer, transubstantiation, transatlantic, 4rans-&iberian railay

triangle, tricolor, triptych

tilight, tig, tin

certain limit ultramontanism, ultra$iolet

something aay unconstitutional, undelete

underestimate, underage, undercook

uniform, unification

upscale, update, upgrade, upheld

urtext

urinal

$itamin, $ital

ithhold, ithstand

'oomorphic, 'oology

Examples

usable, notable

triad, monad

marriage, mileage

pedagogy, demagogy

monarch, tetrarch

gynarchy, anarchy

pentathlon, decathlon

concede, succeed

mucocoel or mucocoele

hydatidocele

amniocentesis, rachicentesis

anencephaly, macrocephaly

mitochondrion

suicide, $espacide, regicide

atrocity

include, exclude, preclude

kakistocracy, democracy, androcracy

peccancy, agency, idiocy

epicycle, hydrocycle

freedom, kingdom

introduce, reduce, induce

induct, conduct

brochiectasis, telangiectasia

laryngectomy, $asectomylexeme, phoneme, morpheme

leukemia, anaemia


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mesenchyma, karyenchyma

rite, riter

idoer

energy, synergy

2ythones%ue, omanes%ue

actress, aitress, steardess, priestess

synesthesia, kinesthesis

centrifugal

hopeful, useful

transfusion, confusion, infusion

7atergate, nipplegate

prognosis, diagnosis

polygon, pentagon

digress, transgress, ingress

anger, hunger

icosahedron, tetrahedron

alcoholic

brotherhood

incredible, terrible, $isible

neurotic

2hysics,Aerodynamics,


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planetology, thyroidology, phthisiology

genome

proteomics

astronomy

antonym, consonym, heteronym

mitosis, osmosis, ostosis, psychosis

porous

impend, append, depend

monophagy

hemophilia

acrophobia, mysophobia

telephone, homophone* Anglophone

therophyte, halophyte

replace, displace

complete, deplete

etropolis

import, export

propose, impose, depose

omnipotent, e%uipotent, impotence

impound, compound, expound, propound

approach, reproach

omniscience

microscope, telescope

manuscript, transcript

resemble, ensemble, assemble

assert, insert

friendship, relationship, dictatorship

aside, besides, inside

insist, resist, desist, persist, assist

Afghanistan

youngster, gangster

construct, destruct, obstruct

detail, retail

retain, obtain, detain

detest, attest, protest

tenth, millionth, groth

dermatome

history, repository

phototropism

ulcus (ulcer)

ash$ille

ob$ious, en$ious

in$ol$e, re$ol$e, e$ol$e

in$oke, re$oke

carni$ore, herbi$ore

southard, inard, outard

hardare, softare, freeare

e$eryhere, nohere, anyhere, somehereclockise

runny, messy


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Vocabulary building

Affixes and roots

Verbs

Prefix

re-

dis-

over-

un-

mis-

out-

be-

co-

de-

fore-

inter-

pre-

sub-

trans-

under-

Adding affixes to existing words (the base or root) toform new words is common in academic English.Prefixes are added to the front of the base (like

dislike), whereas suffixes are added to the end of thebase (active

activate). Prefixes usually do not change the class of thebase word, but suffixes usually do change the class of

the word.

The most common prefixes used to form new verbs inacademic English are re-, dis-, over-, un-, mis-, out-. Themost common suffixes are -ise, -en, -ate, -(i)fy. !y far themost common affix in academic English is -ise.

e.g. prefix " verb

verb

Exercise

http://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_v2.htmhttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_v2.htm


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Suffix

-ise

-ate

-fy

-en

Nouns

Prefix

anti-

auto-

bi-

co-

counter-

dis-

ex-

hyper-

in-

in-

inter-

kilo-

mal-

mega-

mis-

^

e.g. #uffix used to form verbs with the meaning $causeto be$.

Exercise

^

The most common prefixes used to form new nouns inacademic English are co- and sub-. The most commonsuffixes are -tion, -ity, -er, -ness, -ism, -ment, -ant, -ship,-age, -ery. !y far the most common noun affix inacademic English is -tion.

e.g. prefix " noun

noun

http://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#tophttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_v1.htmhttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#tophttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#tophttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_v1.htmhttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#top


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mini-

mono-

neo-

out-

poly-

pseudo-re-

semi-

sub-

super-

sur-

tele-

tri-

ultra-

under-

vice-

Suffix

-tion

-sion

-er

-ment

-ant

-ent

-age

-al

-ence

-ance

-ery/-ry

Suffix

-er -ism

-ship

Exercise

^

e.g. #uffix added to a verb (%), noun (&) or ad'ective (A)

noun

http://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_n2.htmhttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#tophttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#tophttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_n2.htm


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non-

dis-

Mixed

e.g. base with both prefix and suffix

Word formation

Exercise

Ad'ectives uncomfortable, unavoidable, unimaginative,inactive, semi-circular

&ouns disappointment, misinformation, reformulation

^

ormal written English uses nouns more than verbs. orexample, judgement rather than judge, development ratherthan develop, admiration rather than admire.

There appeared to be evidence of differential treatment of

children.

This is reflected in our admiration for people who havemade something of their lives, sometimes against greatodds, and in our somewhat disappointed judgment of thosewho merely drift through life.

All airfields in the country would be nationalised, and thegovernment would continue with the development of newaircraft as recommended by the Brabazon Committee.

Associated with nominalisation is the occurrence ofprepositional phrases, introduced by of

judgment of those

treatment of children

development of new aircraft

http://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_a2.htmhttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#tophttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#tophttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/exercise/build/form_a2.htm


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-tion is the most common suffix used in this way. orexample alteration, resignation.

*owever others are -ity ability, similarity, compleity! -ness blindness, dar"ness, preparedness! -ment development,encouragement! -ship friendship! -age mileage! -ery robbery,

bribery! -al arrival! -ance assistance, resemblance.

^

http://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#tophttp://www.uefap.com/vocab/build/building.htm#top


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Meaning

again or bac+

reverses the meaning of the verb

too much

reverses the meaning of the verb

badly or wrongly

more or better than others

ma+e or cause

together

do the opposite of

earlier, before

between

before

underbelow

across, over

not enough


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Example

stabilise, characterise, symbolise, visualise, specialisedifferentiate, li#uidate, pollinate, duplicate, fabricateclassify, eemplify, simplify, justifyawa"en, fasten, shorten, moisten

Meaning

against

self

two

'oint

against

the converse of

former

extreme

the converse of

inside

between

thousand

bad

million

wrong


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small

one

new

separate

many

falseagain

half

below

more than, above

over and above

distant

three

beyond

below, too little

deputy

Meaning

actioninstance of %-ing

person who %-s

something used for %-ing


person who %-s

actionresult of %

actionresult of %

actionresult of %


place of %-ing

Meaning

person concerned with &doctrine of &

state of being &


28/36

collection of &

Meaning

state or uality of being A



Example

central, political, national, optional, professionaldifferent, dependent, ecellentattractive, effective, imaginative, repetitive

continuous, dangerous, famous beautiful, peaceful, carefulendless, homeless, careless, thoughtless

drin"able, countable, avoidable,

Examples

unfortunate, uncomfortable, unjustimmature, impatient, improbable, inconvenient, irreplaceable,illegal


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non-fiction, non-political, non-neutral

disloyal, dissimilar, dishonest


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Examples

restructure, revisit, reappear, rebuild, refinancedisappear, disallow, disarm, disconnect, discontinueoverboo", oversleep, overwor"

unbend, uncouple, unfastenmislead, misinform, misidentify

outperform, outbid befriend, belittleco-eist, co-operate, co-owndevalue, deselect

foreclose, foreseeinteract, intermi, interface

pre-epose, prejudge, pretestsubcontract, subdivide

transform, transcribe, transplant

underfund, undersell, undervalue, underdevelop


32/36

Examples

anticlima, antidote, antithesisautobiography, automobile

bilingualism, biculturalism, bi-metalismco-founder, co-owner, co-descendant

counter-argument, counter-eample, counter-proposaldiscomfort, disli"ee-chairman, e-hunter

hyperinflation, hypersurfaceinattention, incoherence, incompatibilityinpatient,interaction, inter-change, interference

"ilobytemalfunction, maltreatment, malnutritionmegabyte

misconduct, misdeed, mismanagement


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mini-publication, mini-theory

monosyllable, monograph, monogamyneo-colonialism, neo-impressionismoutbuilding,

polysyllable

pseudo-epertre-organisation, re-assessment, re-eaminationsemicircle, semi-dar"ness

subset, subdivisionsuperset, superimposition, superpowerssurta

telecommunications,tripartismultrasound

underpayment, under-development, undergraduate

vice-president

Examples

alteration, demonstrationepansion, inclusion, admissionadvertiser, driver

computer, silencer development, punishment, unemploymentassistant, consultant

student brea"age, wastage, pac"age

denial, proposal, refusal, dismissal preference, dependence, interferenceattendance, acceptance, endurance

bribery, robbery, miseryrefinery, ba"ery

Examples

astronomer, geographer $arism, $aoism, Thatcherismfriendship, citizenship, leadership


34/36

Examples

ability, similarity, responsibility, curiosity

dar"ness, preparedness, consciousnessurgency, efficiency, fre#uency

baggage, plumage


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English Suffix and Prefix

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