ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE_LESSON_3 (1).pdf
Transcript of ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE_LESSON_3 (1).pdf
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
1
Manners: Modales, modos
Butler: Mayordomo
Polite: Educado
Usamos HAVE TO + INFINITIVO para hablar sobre reglas y obligaciones o para decir
que algo es necesario.
SHE HAS TO GET UP AT 7.00 EVERY DAY
YOU HAVE TO DRIVE ON THE LEFT IN THE UK
Usamos DON´T HAVE TO + INFINITIVO para decir que no hay obligación o para decir
que algo no es necesario.
WE DON´T HAVE TO WEAR A UNIFORM AT THIS SCHOOL
HE DOESN´T HAVE TO WORK ON SATURDAYS
Usamos MUST + INFINITIVE para hablar sobre reglas y obligaciones
YOU MUST TURN OFF YOUR MOBLILE PHONES BEFORE COMING INTO CLASS
MUST and MUSTN´T son iguales para todas las personas. No es frecuente utilizarlos en
preguntas (have to en preguntas)
Usamos MUSTN´T + INFINITIVO para decir que está prohibido
YOU MUSTN´T SMOKE HERE
Usamos DO/DOES para hacer preguntas y negaciones
DO I HAVE TO BUY A GRAMMAR BOOK?
DOES SHE HAVE TO STUDY TONIGHT?
DO I HAVE TO GO?
PUEDES USAR MUSTN´T O CAN´T PARA HABLAR ACERCA DE REGLAS.
YOU MUSTN´T PARK HERE
YOU CAN´T PARK HERE
MUST AND HAVE TO son muy similares. Normalmente utilizamos have to para una
obligación general (regla de trabajo ó ley). Usamos must cuando el hablante impone la
obligación (profesor a los alumnos). A menudo podemos utilizar uno u otro.
MUST and DON´T HAVE TO tienen significados diferentes.
YOU MUSTN´T GO = You can´t go. It´s prohibited
YOU DON´T HAVE TO = You can´t go if you want, but it´s not obligatory/necessary
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
2
SHOULD / SHOULDN´T:
Usa SHOULD or SHOULDN´T + INFINITIVO para dar a alguien un consejo ó
para decir que piensas que es lo correcto hacer.
YOU SHOULD CUT YOUR HAIR= I THINK IT WOULD BE A GOOD IDEA
(DEBERÍAS CORTARTE EL PELO, PIENSO QUE SERÍA UNA BUENA IDEA)
SHOULD / SHOLDN´T + INFINITIVO es la misma forma para todas las
personas
Puedes utilizar OUGHT TO/OUGHT NOT TO en lugar de
SHOULD/SHOULDN´T
YOU OUGHT TO CHANGE YOUR JOB
I THINK YOU CHANGE YOUR JOB
THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD DO MORE FOR OLD PEOPLE
MAY / MIGHT + INFINITIVO
Usa MAY/ MIGHT OR MAY NOT/MIGHT NOT + INFINITIVE para hablar
sobre posibilidades futuras.
IT MIGHT/MAY RAIN= IT´S POSSIBLE THAT IT WILL RAIN (ES POSIBLE
QUE LLUEVA)
MIGHT/MAY NOT ES LO MISMO PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS
I MIGHT/MAY, HE MIGHT/MAY, WE MIGHT/MAY
WE MIGHT HAVE A PINIC TOMORROW, BUT DEPENDS ON THE
WEATHER
I MIGHT NOT TO THE PARTY, HAVEN´T DECIDED YET
I MAY GO TO THE PARTY, BUT I´M NOT SURE
I MIGHT NOT HAVE TIME TO DOEVERYTHING TODAY
MIGHT Y MAY NOT NO SE SUELEN CONTRAER
PUEDES UTILIZAR MAY I/ MAY WE PARA PEDIR PERMISO
MAY I USE YOUR PHONE? = CAN I USE YOUR PHONE
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
3
Screaming babies: Gritos de bebés
Noise: Ruido
Spitting: Escupir
MODAL VERBS (INFINITIVO SIN TO) FORMA VERBAL SE UTILIZA
PARA…
CONJUGACIÓN SIGNIFICADO TIEMPO OTRA FORMA
VERBAL
SHOULD SHOULDN´T DAR
CONSEJOS
IGUAL PARA
TODAS LAS
PERSONAS
DEBERÍAS
(CONSEJO)
SUBJUNTIVO OUGHT TO/OUGHT
NOT TO
SHALL DAR
SUGERENCIAS
I Y WE. EN
INTERROGATIVAS
PODRÍA YO,
PODRIAMOS
NOSOTROS…
AUXILIAR DE
FUTURO
SHOULD/SHOULDN´T
CAN COULD PODER/
PEDIR
IGUAL PARA
TODAS LAS
PERSONAS
PUEDO, PUDE PRESENTE
/PASADO
BE ABLE TO (PODER)
(FUTURO)
WILL/
WON´T
WOULD/
WOULDN´T
IRÉ/ IRÍA IGUAL PARA
TODAS LAS
PERSONAS
IRÉ/ IRIA FUTURO/
CONDICIONAL
MUST MUSTN´T DEBO/
TENGO QUE
HACER
IGUAL PARA
TODAS LAS
PERSONAS
DEBO/ TENGO
QUE HACER
(OBLIGACIÓN)
PRESENTE HAVE TO/ DON´T
HAVE TO
MAY/ MAY
NOT (+
POSIBILIDAD)
MIGHT/
MIGHT NOT
(-
POSIBILIDAD)
PODER/ SER
POSIBLE/
PODRÍAS
IGUAL PARA
TODAS
PERSONAS
POSIBILIDAD FUTURO
OUGHT TO OUGHT NOT
TO
DAR
CONSEJOS
IGUAL PARA
TODAS LAS
PERSONAS
DEBERÍAS FUTURO SHOULD/ SHOUN´T
Blaspheming: Blasfemando
Blaspheme: Blasfemar
Embarrassed: Avergonzado
Should change: Debería cambiar
Take notice: Darse/ date cuenta
People with you: Personas que están a tu lado
Apologise: Disculparse, perdir perdón
Carry on: Llevar
Mealtime: Hora de las comidas
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
4
Dialing: Marcar un número de teléfono
Texting: Escribir un mensaje de texto en el móvil
Hung up: Colgar una llamada
Ring tone: Tono de llamada
Calling Back: Volver a llamar
Voice mail: Buzón de voz
Engaged: /in´geiʤd/ Comprometido
Busy: / Bizi/ Ocupado
Stopwatch: Cronómetro
Pleased: Satisfecho
Pleased with: Satisfecho con
Tired of: Harto de
Worried about: Preocupado por
Rude to: Grosero con
Married to: Casado con
Interested in: Interesado en
Excited about: Impaciente por
Remind of: Recordar a, traer a la memoria
Pay for: Pagar por
Depend on: Depender de
Good for: Bueno para
Choose between: Elegir entre
Argue about: Discutir sobre
Apologize to: Disculparse con
For: Por, para
In: En
Belong to: Pertenecer a
Angry with: Enfadarse con
About: Sobre, acerca de
Kinder for: Amable con
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
5
Ask for: Pedir
Proud of: Estar orgulloso de
ARRIVE:
EL VERBO ARRIVE NUNCA LO PODEMOS EMPLEAR CON LA
PREPOSICION TO
HE MEETS THEM AT AN INN BEFORE THEY ARRIVE AT THE HOUSE
PODEMOS UTILIZAR EL VERBO ARRIVE CON AT OR IN
YOU ARRIVE AT A BUILDING = SUCH AS AN AIRPORT OR RESTAURANT
THE SCNERY IN WHICH ROBYN ARRIVES AT THE FACTORY FOR THE
FIRST TIME = YOU ARRIVE IN A GEOGRAPHICAL LOCALITATION =
SUCH A CITY OR A COUNTRY
A DELEGATION OF SENIOR FRENCH MINISTERS ARRIVE IN LONDON
TODAY
PODEMOS USAR TAMBIEN ARRIVE AT EN UN SENTIDO FIGURADO
“PARA ALCANZAR/ LLEGAR A UN OBJETIVO O PUNTO DEL PROCESO”
WE ALL ARRIVED AT THE SAME CONCLUSION INDEPENDNTLY
THE COURT WILL ARRIVE AT A FINAL DECISION NEXT WEEK
CON LA PALABRA HOME NO USAMOS NINGUNA PREPOSICIÓN
WHEN THEY FINALLY ARRIVE HOME, ALL THEY WANT TO DO IS SLEEP
Good manner: Buenos modales
Criticize: Criticar
Take a present: Llevar un regalo
Write an email: Escribir un email
Arrive late: Llegar tarde
Leave: Dejar
Send: Enviar
Answer: Responder
Make a phone call: Hacer una llamada telefónica
Kiss your partner: Besar a tu compañero
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
6
Post: Publicar, correo
Formal language: Lenguaje formal
Cheeks: Mejillas
Wait for: Esperar por alguien
Accompany: Acompañar a
Hoot: Pitar, tocar la bocina
Smoke: Fumar
Ear: Oreja
Earring: Pendientes
Eyebrow: Cejas
Eyelash: Pestañas
Cheek: Mejillas
Head: Cabeza
Arms: Brazos
Hands: Manos
Feet: Pies
Foot: Pie
Tooth: Diente
Teeth: Dientes
Legs: Piernas
Wrist: Muñeca
Neck: Cuello
Shoulders: Hombros
Hip: Cadera
Elbow: Codo
Thumbs: Pulgares
Toes: Dedos del pie
Fingers: Dedos de la mano
Knees: Rodillas
Brain: Cerebro
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
7
Chess: Pecho
Back: Espalda
Jaw: Mentón
Heart: /ha:t/ Corazón
Ribs: Costillas
Chin: Barbilla
Tongue: Lengua
Lips: Labios
Nail: Uña
Forties: Los cuarenta
Mid-: A mediados
Late: A finales de
Early: Poco más de
Build: Complexión
Tall: Alto
Slim: Delgado, esbelto
Overweight: Con sobrepeso
Fat: Gordo
Ponytail: Coleta
Fair: Rubio
Blonde: Rubio
Wavy: Ondulado
Beard: Barba
Curly: Rizado
Plain: Del montón
Handsome: Guapo
Beautiful: Guapa
Attractive: Atractivo
Pretty: Bonita, hermosa
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
8
Skimy: Muy Delgado
Narrow: Estrecho
Shaved: Afeitado
Hectic: Frenético
Stressed: Estresado
Cell phone: Celular (Inglés Americano)
Mobile phone: Móvil (Inglés Británico)
Research: Investigación
Celebreties: Gente famosa
Proud: Orgullo
Hideous: Muy feo
Bald: Calvo
Wig: Peluca
Ghost: Fantasma
Christmas Day: Día de Navidad
Christmas Eve: Nochebuena
Mistletoe: Muérdago
Clerk: Administrativo
Has to give: Ha tenido que darle
Day off: Día libre
Unkind: Desagradable
Scared: Asustado
Afford: Permitirse
Likely: Probable
WHAT DOES SHE/ HE LOOK LIKE? , WHAT DID HE LOOK LIKE?
(APARIENCIA)
WHAT IS HE/SHE LIKE? , WHAT WAS HE LIKE? (PERSONALIDAD)
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
9
Christmas yet-to-come: Navidades futuras
Grave: Tumba
Guest: /gests/ Invitados, huéspedes
Disgusting: /dis´gʌstiɳ/ Asqueroso
Mad: / maed/ Loco
Complain: /kəm´plein/ Reclamar, quejarse
Do a favor: /du: ə´feivə/ Hacer un favor
Pour: /pɔ: / Servir, poner
Step on: / step ɒn/ Pisar
Swallow: / ´swɒləʊ/ Tragar, engullir
Translate: /trəens´leit/ Traducir
Ox: Buey
The three wise men: Los Reyes Magos
Three Magic Kings: Los Reyes Magos
Dyed: Teñido
Entrepreneur: / ´ɒntrəprə´nɜ:r/ Empresario, emprendedor
Homeless: / ´həʊmlis/ Vagabundo, sin techo, sin hogar
Insurance politicies: Póliza del seguro
Jumper: / ´ʤʌmpər/ Jersey
Split up: Separarse, romper
Commute: / kə´mju:t/ Viajar diariamente al trabajo
Background: /´baekgraʊnd/ Antecedente
Nails bars: Salones donde puedes hacerte la manicura y pedicura
Viral: Compartido en internet, reproducido
Cover: Portada, cubierta, tapas de un libro
Appearance: / ə´piərəns/ Aspecto, apariencia
Could teach them a lesson, or set an example: Les sirve de ejemplo
Stylish: / ´stailiʃ/ Moderno, distinguido, elegante
Onto: / ´ɒntʊ/ En
Stage: / steiʤ/ Escenario
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
10
MODAL (DEDUCTION): MUST, MAY/MIGHT, CAN´T
ESTRUCTURA: MODAL + INFINITIVE
WHEN YOU ARE SURE SOMETHING IS TRUE: MUST
THEY MUST BE OUT. THEY AREN´T ANY LIGHTS ON
SHE MUST HAVE A LOT OF MONEY. SHE DRIVES A PORSCHE
WHEN YOU THINK SOMETHING IS POSSIBLY TRUE: MAY/ MIGHT
HIS PHONE´S SWITCHED OFF. HE MIGHT BE ON THE PLANE NOW
SHE MIGHT NOT LIKE THAT SHIRT. IT´S NOT HER STYLE
SHE´S NOT AT HOME. SHE MAY BE WORKING
HE HASN´T WRITTEN. HE MAY NOT HAVE MY ADDRESS
WHEN YOU ARE SURE SOMETHING IS IMPOSSIBLE/ NOT TRUE: CAN´T
HE CAN´T BE ILL. I SAW HIM AT THE GYM
THEY CAN´T BE ITALIAN. THEY´RE SPEAKING TO EACH OTHER IN
SPANISH
Usamos MUST, MAY/ MIGHT y CAN´T para decir como de seguro o de cierto es
algo sobre lo que estamos hablando (Basado en la información que tenemos)
El opuesto de MUST es CAN´T
Make up: / meikʌp/ Maquillaje
Masculine: / ´maeskjʊlin/ Masculino
Vain: / ´vein/ Vanidoso
Expect: / ik´spekt/ Anticipar, esperar
Renew: / ri´nju:/ Renovar
Beneath: / bi ´ni:Ɵ/ Debajo de
Straddle: / strəedl/ Poner una pierna a cada lado
Get stuck: Atascarse
Greener: Verde
Tons: Toneladas
Slow down: Disminuir la velocidad
Cheerful: /´tʃiəfʊl/ Alegre, feliz
Lane: /lein/ Carril
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
11
Ran out: Quedarse sin
CAN, COULD BE ABLE TO: ABILITY AND POSSIBILITYC
ESTRUCTURA: MODAL + INFINITIVE
CAN es un verbo modal. Solo tiene forma en presente, pasado y condicional
(podemos usarlo con un significado de FUTURO).
Para las demás formas y tiempos verbales usamos BE ABLE TO
I CAN SPEAK SPANISH VERY WELL
SHE COULD PLAY THE VIOLIN WHE SHE WAS THREE
SHE CAN´T COME TONIGHT. SHE´S ILL
THEY COULDN´T WAIT BECAUSE THEY WERE IN A HURRY
COULD YOU OPEN THAT DOOR, PLEASE?
BE ABLE TO: BE ABLE TO + INFINITIVE
Puedes usar BE ABLE TO EN PRESENTE, PASADO, FUTURO, PRESENTE
PERFECTO Y COMO GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO
BE ABLE TO EN PREITASENTE Y PASADO ES MÁS FORMAL QUE
CAN/COULD
I AM ABLE TO ACCEPT YOUR INVITATION
THEY WEREN´T ABLE TO COME
I´LL BE ABLE TO PRACTICE MY ENGLISH IN LONDON
SHE HAS BEEN ABLE TO SPEAK FRENCH SINCE SHE WAS A CHILD
I´D LIKE TO BE ABLE TO SKI
I LOVE BEING ABLE TO SLEEP LATE AT WEEKENDS.
SPEAKING:
CAN YOU PLAY A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT?
CAN YOU SKI?
CAN YOU DANCE SALSA?
CAN YOU SWIM?
CAN YOU CREATE A WEBSITE?
CAN YOU RIDE A HORSE?
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
12
CAN YOU SING?
CACANN YOU SAIL?
CAN YOU SPEAK FOREIGN LANGUAGE?
CAN YOU DRIVE?
YES, I CAN
HOW WELL?
WHEN DID YOU LEARN?
HOW DID YOU LEARN?
DID YOU FIND IT EASY OR DIFFICULT?
NO, I CAN´T
WOULD YOU LIKE TO ABLE TO?
WHY (NOT)?
Behave: /bi´heiv/ Comportarse
Steps: Pasos
As long as: Mientras que
Reversing or parking: Aparcamiento marcha atrás
Hips: Caderas
Shaking: Espasmos
Tore off: Arrancar
Wave: / weiv/ Ola
Amazed: / ə´meizd/ Sorprendido
Determined: / di´tɜ:mind/ Decidido
Properly: /´prɒpəli/ Adecuadamente
Carry on: /´kaeri ɒn/ Continuar
Give up: / giv ʌp/ Rendirse, desistir
Improve: /im´pru:v/ Mejorar
Manage to (do): / ´maeniʤ/ Conseguir, lograr, poder
Scream: / skri:m/ Gritar
Take up: / teik ʌp/ Iniciar, comenzar, emprender
Sail: / seil/ Navegar
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
13
Limb: Miembro, extremidad
Achieve: /ə´tʃi:v/ Lograr, conseguir, obtener
ADJETIVES ENDING –ED AND –ING:
ADJETIVES ENDING –ED: SENTIMIENTOS (PERSONAS)
I´M SO TIRED THAT I DON´T WAN´T TO SEE ANYBOBY
ADJETIVES ENDING-ING: DESCRIBIR (COSAS)
WEEKENDS ARE MORE TIRING THAN WEEK DAYS
Disappointed: / disə´pɔintid/ Decepcionado, desilusionado
Disappointing: Decepcionante
Excited: / ik´saitid/ Emocionado
Exciting: / ik´saitin/ Emocionante
Depressed: / di´prest/ Deprimido
Depressing: /di´presiɳ/ Deprimente, depresivo
Thrilling: / Ɵ´riliɳ/ Emocionante
Interested: / ´intristid/ Interesado
Interesting: / ´intristiɳ/ Interesante
Bored: Estar Aburrido
Boring: / ´bɔ:riɳ/ Aburrido
Tired: / ´taiəd/ Cansado
Tiring: /´taiəriɳ/ Fatigante
Embarrassed: /ɪmˈbəerəst/ Avergonzado
Embarrassing: /ɪmˈbəerəsiɳ/ Embarazosa
Frightened: Asustado
Frightening: Aterrador
Annoyed: Molesto
Annoying: Irritante
Confused: / kən´fju:zd/ Confundido
Confusing: / kən´fju:ziɳ/ Confuso
LESSON 3 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
14
Frustrated: Frustrado
Frustrating: Frustante
Satisfied: Satisfecho, contento
Satisfying: Satisfactorio
Shocked: / ʃɒkt/ Impactado, comocionado
Shocking: / ʃɒkIɳ/ Traumático, impactante
Relaxed: / ri´ləekst/ Relajado
Relaxing: / ri´ləeksiɳ/ Relajante
Worried: / ´wʌrid/ Preocupado
Worrying: Angustiado
Mobile: /´məʊbail/ Móvil
Fringe: / frinʤ/ Flequillo
Overweight: sobrepeso
Burst into tears: Romper, echarse a llorar
Sympathetic: /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/
Stand it: Estar en pie
Phone down: Esperar
Turned down: Rechazar
Deeply hurt: Profundamente
SPEAKING:
1. SOMETHING YOU´VE TRIED TO LEARN , BUT HAVE NEVER BEEN
ABLE TO DO WELL
2. SOMETHING YOU LEARN TO DO AFTER A LOT OF EFFORT
3. SOMETHING YOU CAN DO, BUT YOU´D LIKE TO ABLE TO DO
BETTER
4. SOMETHING NEW THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO BE ABLE TO DO
5. SOMETHING YOU ARE LEARNING TO DO AND THAT YOU HOPE
YOU´LL SOON BE ABLE TO DO WELL
6. SOMETHING YOU THINK ALL YOUNG PEOPLE SHOULD ABLE TO
DO BEFORE THEY LEAVE SCHOOL