ENGLISH I EXAMS: DEC. 14-16, 2011 Semester Exam Study Guide.
-
Upload
johnny-welburn -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of ENGLISH I EXAMS: DEC. 14-16, 2011 Semester Exam Study Guide.
ENGLISH IEXAMS: DEC. 14 -16 , 2011
Semester Exam Study Guide
Unit #1 Terms
Connotation—set of images/emotions associated with a word
Denotation—dictionary definition of a word
Tone—author’s attitude (emotionally-charged language) toward subject or audience
Unit #1 Terms
Formal language—uses correct grammar and sophisticated vocabulary to establish authority
Informal language—uses slang terms and simpler words to maintain group identity
Rhetorical triangle—speaker, audience, and message
Unit #1 Terms
Noun—person, place, thing, or idea
Verb—action or state of being (is, am, be, are, was, were, will)
Adjective—describes a noun
Adverb—tells how much or how often (usually ends in –ly)
Thesis Statement
STATE: One sentence summarizing your argument; also known as a claim or main idea
Thesis Statement
ELABORATE: Usually found near the beginning or end of the piece; must be strong for the piece as a whole to be successful
Thesis Statement
EXEMPLIFY: A thesis statement about Into the Wild could be “Chris McCandless and Alexander Supertramp represent the brave and stupid sides of one confused individual.”
Thesis Statement
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like the foundation of a building—everything is built on it, and without a solid foundation, the building as a whole will crumble.
Evidence
STATE: Facts used to prove that the thesis statement is true; something no one can dispute
Evidence
ELABORATE: Also known as examples or concrete details; their relationship to the thesis statement must be explained.
Evidence
EXEMPLIFY: For example, Chris donated all of his savings to charity and then burned all of his cash.
Evidence
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like the smoking gun with fingerprints on it that proves you shot the sheriff.
Structure
STATE: Pattern that organizes a piece of writing, determining what come first, last, and in the middle
Structure
ELABORATE: Could be based on the chronological order in which events occurs or cause-and-effect, or organized according to main idea and supporting points
Structure
EXEMPLIFY: In a story, the plot goes exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution; however, in an essay, the argument goes thesis statement, supporting point, evidence, etc.
Structure
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like rides at an amusement park—some spin in circles, some drop straight down, some swing from side to side, etc.
Epigraph
STATE: Quotation at the beginning of a piece of writing, highlighting the theme
Epigraph
ELABORATE: Often set apart by quotation marks, italics, or wider margins
Epigraph
EXEMPLIFY: An epigraph from the beginning of a chapter in Into the Wild is “For children are innocent and love justice, while most of us are wicked and naturally prefer mercy.” (G.K. Chesterton), which relates to the theme that Chris has a childlike innocence, while his parents behaved badly.
Epigraph
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like wearing a distinctive hat—it is the first thing people notice, and it represents your personality.
Argument
STATE: Logical explanation of an opinion or claim based on evidence (in writing)
Argument
ELABORATE: Contains no emotion (unlike persuasion); NOT the same as having a shouting match with someone in person
Argument
EXEMPLIFY: If you wanted your parents to buy you a car, you could present your argument by rationally laying out all the reasons why it would benefit them (instead of begging or screaming).
Argument
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like listening to the news on the radio instead of listening to music—it explains things clearly without stirring your emotions.
Preposition
STATE: Words that identify the direction or relationship of a noun or pronoun
Preposition
ELABORATE: Usually short words; also thought of as “anywhere a mouse can go”
Preposition
EXEMPLIFY: of, to, from, before, between, during, after, about…
Preposition
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like an arrow pointing to another part of the sentence.
Phrase
STATE: a group of words containing either a subject OR a predicate (NOT BOTH)
Phrase
ELABORATE: A prepositional phrase would start with a preposition, end with a noun, and contain NO predicate
Phrase
EXEMPLIFY: over the river; through the woods; to grandmother’s house; with boughs; of holly
Phrase
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like if a complete sentence were a body, then a phrase would be an arm or a leg, because an arm can’t live without the rest of the body, but a body (or sentence) CAN survive without an arm (or phrase).
Independent Clause
STATE: Can stand alone as a complete sentence
Independent Clause
ELABORATE: Contains subject and predicate in a complete thought
Independent Clause
EXEMPLIFY: I am starting to get pretty worried about my exams. I have a lot of studying to do tonight!
Independent Clause
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like an adult, who doesn’t need anyone’s permission or help to get by.
Dependent Clause
STATE: Contains subject and predicate but is NOT a complete thought (usually because of first word)
Dependent Clause
ELABORATE: If a dependent clause (or prepositional phrase) comes at the beginning of a sentence, place a COMMA before the independent clause
Dependent Clause
EXEMPLIFY: Marker words include although, when, because, if, until, even…
Dependent Clause
ILLUSTRATE: It’s like a child—it needs an adult (independent clause) to “live” with and support it.
Question Stems
Types of questions you will see on the exam.Read a passage (fiction, nonfiction, or poetry)
and create a question about that passage using one of the stems.
Create multiple choices (opposite, unrelated, half-right/half-wrong, correct).
Choose the right answer.