Vocabulary – grammar english 12 vocabulary – grammar english 12
English grammar(16.11.2012) 2
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Transcript of English grammar(16.11.2012) 2
BASIC GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR:-
The systematic study and description of a language.
OR
A set of rules and examples dealing with the syntax and word structures of a language,
usually intended as an aid to the learning of that language.
LANGUAGE:-
The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of
words in a structured and conventional way:
What is Grammar
The SentenceThe Sentenceis a group of words
expressing a complete thought.
expressinga
complete
thought
Every sentence has two essential parts: and
The subject of a sentence is the part about which something is being said.
The flower bloomed.
VeRru painted.
The girls on the team were all good students.
The predicate of a sentence is the part which says something about the subject.
Inzi told everyone about the Waqar.
Mushtaq sobbed.
Ali plays the piano well.
The simple subject is the main word in the complete subject.
The simple predicate, or verb, is the main word or
group of words in the complete predicate.
The complete subject is the main word and all its
modifiers.
The complete predicate is the verb and all its
modifiers.
The four new students arrived early.
Complete subject The four new students
Simple subject students
Sara’s sister took us bowling yesterday.
Simple predicate took
Complete Predicate took us bowling yesterday
Eight Parts of Speech
NounsPronouns
Adjectives Adverbs
Adverbs
ConjunctionsConjunctions
Prepositions
Verbs
InterjectionsInterjections
Word that names
• A Person
• An Idea
• A Thing
• A Place
Kinds of NounsKinds of Nouns
Common Nouns boy girl
Proper Nouns John Mary
Singular Nouns boy girl
Plural Nouns boys girls
Singular Possessive boy’s girl’s
Plural Possessive boys’ girls’
A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a
statement
LinkingLinking
“be” verbs&
tastefeel
soundlook
appearbecome
seemgrow
remainstay
SubjectSubject
predicatepredicate
The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns.It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.
Personal Pronouns
I, me, mine
you, your, yours
she, her, hers,
it, its
we,us, our, ours
they, them, their,
theirs
myself
yourself
Indefinite Pronounsanybody
eacheithernone
someone, one, etc. Interrogative Pronounswhowhomwhat
whichwhose
Demonstrative Pronounsthisthat
thesethose
Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.
Is that a wool sweater?
Just give me five minutes.
Did you lose your addressbook?
Answers these questions:
Modifies or describesa verb, an adjective,or another adverb.
Modifies or describesa verb, an adjective,or another adverb.
Answers the questions:Answers the questions:
How?How?He ran quickly.He ran quickly.
She left yesterday.She left yesterday.When?When?
We went there.We went there. Where?Where?
It was too hot!It was too hot! To what degree or how much?To what degree or how much?
InterrogativeAdverbs
introduce questionsHow did you break your
leg?
When does your plane leave?
How often do you run?
Where did you put the mouse trap?
A preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in the sentence
as a noun. The word or word group that thepreposition introduces is its object.
They received a postcard from Bobby telling
about his trip to Canada.
The preposition never stands alone!
prepositionnoun
pronoun
object ofpreposition
preposition object
object can have modifiers
You can press those leaves under glass.
Her telegram to Nina and Ali brought good news.
It happened during the last examination.
Some Common Prepositions
aboardaboutaboveacrossafter
against alongamongaround
atbefore
behindbelow
beneathbeside
betweenbeyond
bydown during except
for
fromin
intolikeofoffon
overpastsince
through
throughoutto
towardunder
underneathuntilup
uponwith
withinwithout
The conjunction
A conjunction is a word that joins wordsor groups of words.
and
or
buteither/or
neither/nor
The interjection
is an exclamatory word that expressesemotion
Goodness! What a cute baby!
Wow! Look at thatsunset!
question….
Questions???