English Grammar in Act - Unit 1-3 Sb 1 PDF

8/9/2019 English Grammar in Act - Unit 1-3 Sb 1 PDF

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Present Simple/Present ContinuousPresent Perfect Simple/Present Perfect Continuous

Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs

Grammar Presentation 1

Present Simple

The Present Simple is formed as follows:• l/ You/We/ They watch television every day.• He/ She/ lt needs help.• He/ She flies/ goes to America at least twice a year.

M OB The 3rd person singular ends in an ~s in the affirmative (+ve) form.

• Do you watch television every day?

• Does he need help?

• Y/e don ’t watch televis ion every day.

• She doesn't need help.

The Present Simple is used to refer to

• repeated actions.He visits his grandparent s at the weekend.

• permanent situations.They work for the governmen t.

• the laws of nature and science.Plants don ’t grow in the dark.

• states through the use of stative verbs.I know quite a lot about global warming.

• timetables and programmes.What time does the film start? It starts in two hou rs’ time.

It is also used in• narratives (spoken/reviews), commentaries and jokes.

So, I open the door and go into the livin g room.

He goes past t he goalkeeper, but Johnson gets back and blocks the shot.

A horse walks into a cafe and the wait er asks: ‘Why the long face?’

• newspaper headlines.Farmers face clim ate change with confidence.

The Present Simple is usedwith the following verbs, whichare known as stative verbs.

They have been divided into

four groups.

Verbs showing a connection

appear, be, belong to, concern ,

consis t of, contain, cost,

deserve, depend on, equal, have, hold, inclu de, involve,

mean, measure, owe, own,

possess, resemble, seem,

sound, weigh '!

B

Verbs describing senses

fee/, hear, noti ce, see, smell, sound, taste

Verbs referring to the use of

the mind

agree, believe, consider, doubt ,

expect, feel, forget, hope,

imagine, know, mind, prefer,

realise, recall, recognise,

remember, suppose, th ink,

understand

The following adverbs of frequency and time expressions are used with thePresent Simple to refer to repeated actions:always, nearly always, normally, (very) often, usually, sometimes, occasionally,

rarely, scarcely, seldom, never, on Satu rday(s), every mo rn ing etcI always pay my bills on time.

She is rarely late for work.

M O B The adverb of frequency comes before all verbs except the verb to be.

Verbs describing emotions

adore, care, fear, hate, like,

love, matter, want, wish

The following time expressions are used in time clauses with the Present Simple to refer to future time:after, as soon as, before, by the time, immed iately, once, the moment, unt il, when, whenever

It is also used after no matt er how/what/ where/ who.

I ’ll phone you when I get home.

M B The future tense is not used after the time expressions above.

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Unit 1

Present Continuous

T̂ e Present Continuous is formed as follows:• am paintin g my front room at the moment.• He She/ lt is sittin g in the garden.

• *'ou/ We/They are making good progress.

• Is he/ she/ it sit t ing in the garden?

• Are you/ we/ theymaking good progress?

• I 'm not/ l am not painting my front room at the moment.• He/ She/ lt isn’t/is not sittin g in the garden.

• You/ WefThey aren ’t/ are not making good progress.

The Present Continuous is used to refer to• actions which are in progress now.

He 's talkin g to his brother on his mob ile phone.

• actions which are in progress around the time of speaking.I m trying to get a bank loan to start a business.

• temporary situations.She's working in her uncle's restaurant un til term starts.

• changing situations.' The ice in Green land is melting at a remarkable speed.

• personal arrangements for the future.We're leaving for Aust ralia next week.

• habits which are annoying (with always, constant ly or forever) My mother is always telling me what to do.

• It is also used to emphasise, confirm or show knowledge of somebody’s habits.I saw you r youngest daughter up a t ree when I arri ved!

Who, Julia? Oh, yes. She’s always climbing trees.

The following time expressions are used with the Present Continuous ofnon-stative verbs:

at present, at the/ this moment , currently, now, stil l, this week, today, tomorrow etc

Some stative verbs can be usedin the continuous tenses whenthey refer to an activity and nota state.

He appears to be lost.

(seems)

He's appearing in Tom's new play, (acting)

She has an eco-frie nd ly car.

(owns)She is having a good time.

(enjoying)

This f ish smells bad.

(gives off a smell)The children are smelling the roses.

(putting their noses to)

We think i t ’s a good idea.

(have an opinion)We’re thinking of going abroad. (considering)

Examples of other stativeverbs that can be used in the

continuous form with a changeof meaning appear in Appendix Ion page 272.

I

A Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present

Continuous together with any adverbs of frequency given.

(not think) she (know) where the money is.

(not start) until 9 o’ clock, so we.......... ...................(have) time

(get) warmer at a faster rate than most scientists have predicted.

(not travel) as fast as light.

(see) my cousin after work. (you want) to come and

1 I ..............................

2 The matchto go for a coffee.

3 Our planet

4 Sound

5 I .............................

meet her?

6 You (always/ try) to make her feel bad. Stop it!

7 I (have) no idea what you (talk) about.

8 We’ll call you the moment she (contact) us.

9 Harry (normally/take) the early train, but today he (take)the midday train.

1 0 I (wonder) why Tom (keep) playing tennis with Andy.

He (lose) every time they (play).

11 A machine that (work) on solar energy........... (cost) less to run.

1 2 I’m pretty sure Sally (come) from Canada. I (remember)

her telling me she was born in Toronto.


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1 Present Sim ple/Present Continuous

B Complete the text by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets and any other words given. Use the PresentSimple or Present Continuous.

ESB5S Read the whole text first to get an understanding of what it is about.

More sisters in law

According to the magazine The Lawyer, the number of women partners in major British law firms

( 1 ) (increase). This ( 2 ) (not mean) that there is an equal

number of male and female lawyers at the top of their profession, but the situation (3)

(slowly/change) for the better.

The company with the highest number of female partners is Sacker & Partners, which (4 )

(have) 48%. Although this is encouraging, some firms’ partnerships ( 5 ) (consist of) as few

as 6% women. One other firm which (6) (employ) only 10% female partners

(7) (now/try) to increase that number. The chairman, who recently took on four more

female partners, ( 8 ) (believe) that his firm ( 9 ) (need) more

women at the top. At a recent interview, he said: ‘We ( 1 0 ) (move) in the right direction.’

Vocabulary 1

Use the words above each set of sentences to complete the sentences. Use the correct form of each word. Use

each word at least once.

say speak talk tell

1 As far as I know, Peter never lies: he only the truth.

2 Can you me what the homework is, please?

3 You need to fluent French if you want a job in our Paris office.

4 Do you think that‘actions louder than words’?

5 Don’t a word about this to anyone!

6 He nonsense all the time!

1 Unable to speak, Mike has to communicate through language.

2 Is English Tanya’s second language or is she a native ?

3 Smoke.......................... have been used as a means of communication.

4 English is her mother

5 Your has greatly improved over the past year.

6 As Gerry speaks a regional dialect with a very strong , foreigners find it difficult to understand him.

department laboratory surgery theatre ward

1 On my way to the doctor's.........................., I started to feel better.

2 The blood samples are sent to the for analysis.

3 I spent my time in hospital in a with seven other patients.

4 As a surgeon, Dr Forbes spends a lot of time in the operating

5 The X-ray is in the second building on the left.

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Unit 1

income pay pension salary wage

1 Unskilled workers get an hourly of about £7.

2 According to the job advertisement, the.......................... is £35,000 a year.

3 Now that she’s retired, she has to get by on a small....

4 As a property owner, Lisa’s includes rent from the houses she lets out.

5 Divers don’t really get enough for doing such a dangerous job.

certificate degree diploma qualification skill talent

1 Those people who don’t miss a lesson get an attendance

2 At the end of the six-month course you get a

3 Leaving university with a good gives you a better chance of getting a decent job.

4 Dave’s teamwork are very poor because he always thinks he’s right.

5 Your creative will help you achieve success in the advertising industry.

6 Be sure to include all your on your application form.

comprehensive compulsory intensive optional

1 Large schools in the UK have well over 1,500 pupils.

2 Geography is a(n) subject, so you can choose to do something else.

3 We learnt a great deal on the course, but it was tiring.

4 If the course is ..........................., you have to take it.

promotion redundancy resignation retirement sack transfer

1 Janet’s worked hard and deserves her to sales manager.

2 The company has offered several employees early...........................

3 You’ll get the if you don’t arrive at work on time.

4 Almost a hundred workers at the local factory face if it closes.

5 I’m applying for a ...........................to head office because my career prospects will improve there.

6 When I handed in my..........................., my American boss asked me why I wanted to quit.

1 Pay...........................to what your teachers say and you’ll get high marks.

2 Harry's poor record meant that he hadn’t learnt enough to get good grades.3 The number of pupils have appears on their reports.

4 .......................... in class is something teachers mention to parents at the end of term.

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Present Simple/Present Continuous

Phrasal Verbs 1

A Match the phrasal verbs with their meanings. The first one has been done for you.

Phrasal Verb Meaning

break down — make clear

bring in ~ understand

bring out ' — fail

catch on accept courageously

drop out Introduce

face up to leave (a course, organisation)

get across suggest

get at learn

get on with communicate

pick up have a good relationship with

B Now complete each of the following sentences with a phrasal verb in the correct form.

1 Work seems more pleasant when you your colleagues.

2 1 some useful Italian phrases every time I travel to Rome.

3 Talks between employers and employees often , which can lead to workers going on strike.

4 Mr Potts is a brilliant mathematician, but he doesn’t always things

to his pupils.

5 Universities seem to new courses every other year.

6 Those students who are not prepared to work hard often at the end of their first

year at university.7 Being a brilliant teacher, Ms Hayes can the difference between words with similar

meanings.

8 What you ? Are you saying my work isn’t good enough?

9 I never give up: I always my problems and do my best to solve them.

1 0 Lisa is highly intelligent. You only have to explain something once and she ... ..................................

Prepositions 1

Use the prepositions below to complete the sentences. The prepositions can be used more than once.

1 This job appeals me, so I’ll definitely apply it.

2 Most of Maria’s work involves translating documents................English ............... Greek.

3 Tom has little confidence his abilities, so laughing him or shouting him will

only make things worse.

4 How do you deal a boss who never congratulates you.................your work?

5 He’s good.................learning poems..................heart.

6 I was proud being the one who found the answer the question.

7 Who is responsible providing the staff safety equipment?

8 Doctors who work hospitals have to care their patients without showing any emotion.

9 The day I get bored my job is the day I’ll retire work.

1 0 With the exception two security guards, Jeff was the only person............... duty in the building.

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Unit 1

Use of English Practice 1

: =5d :ne text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

mm Read the whole text before you answer any questions.

Not going the distance

'«cwadays it is not unusual for students to become discouraged at university and decide to (1) There are two

~ain reasons why a student might take this decision and neither (2) anything to do with intelligence.

: 5 quite possible that a (3) intelligent student has chosen a (4) course that simply does not

(5) to him or her. This situation often results in the student having a poor (6) record and not

doing the work required to pass the exams.

-nother reason concerns teaching. (7) a recent study, students frequently complain that many university

ecturers have difficulty in (8) what they want to teach. This occurs most often when the lecturer has a

.ery strong (9) or the student is at a foreign university where courses are not taught in his or her mother

( 10 )

Unless there is a really good reason, the decision to leave university without a qualification is a big one. Students who

cannot (11)...................the difficulties they encounter and leave without (12)....................a word about their problems to

anyone may regret their decision. A future employer might regard an applicant who has done this as a ‘quitter’ and not a

suitable candidate for a job.

1 A take off B get off C set out D drop out2 A is having B are having C has D have3 A highly B completely c fully D totally4 A certificate B diploma c degree D licence5 A suit B match c appeal D fit6 A attention B absence c track D attendance7 A Besides B As well c Agreeing with D According to8 A getting across B getting out c catching on D sending out9 A pronunciation B voice c accent D tone

10 A language B dialect c tongue D speech11 A come up with B face up to c get away with D take out

12 A speaking B telling c talking D saying

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Present Perfect Sim ple/Present Perfect Continuous'


Present Perfect Simple The Present Perfect Simple is formed as follows:• l/ You/We/ They have eaten all the biscuits.• He/ She/ lt has been in the news recently.

• Have l/ you/ we/ they eaten all the biscuits?

• Has he/ she/ it been in the news recently?

• l/ You/ We/They haven’t eaten all the biscuits.

• He/ She/ lt hasn ’t been in the news recently.

The Present Perfect Simple is used to refer to• states which existed in the past and still exist.

We have known Martin sin ce we were students.The house has belonged to her f am ily for over a century.

• actions which began in the past and have not stopped.

He has taken the same route to work for years.

• actions which occurred at an unmentioned time in the past and have aneffect on the present.I ’ve finished my work, so now I can relax.

• actions which have occurred a number of times.I ’ve used this program hundreds of times.

It ’s the third t ime the boss has warned her.

• actions during a period of time that has not ended.We've visit ed several interest ing places t his week.

Go and be in the Present

Perfect Simple

£00300 Although the twosentences below are similar,they have different meanings.

Shelley has gone to Ireland .

Shelley has been to Ireland .

The first sentence meansShelley hasn’t returned fromIreland and the second onemeans Shelley has visitedIreland, but is not there now.

The following time expressions are used with the Present Perfect Simple:alr ead y ever, jus t, lately, never, recen tly so far, st ill , up to now, yet, sin ce + a specific time, for + a period of time,

over the past few years

fflEEB It/ This is the first/ second/ third etc. time is used with the Present Perfect Simple, but It/ This is the last time is not.

It's the first time I Ve worked in a laboratory.It ’s the last time I (will) help you!

The Present Perfect Simple can also be used to refer to future time with time expressions like after , as soon as ...,when (see Grammar I on page 4) to emphasise that an action must be completed before another one can occur.

I ’ll tell you how much money there is when I ’ve counted it.

Present Perfect Continuous The Present Perfect Continuous is formed as follows:• l/ You/We/ They have been making life d ifficult for John.• He/ She/ lt has been lying there since luncht ime.

• Have l/ you/ we/ they been making life diff icult for John?

• Has he/ she/it been lying there since luncht ime?

• l/ You/We/ Theyhaven’t been making life dif ficult for John.

• He/ She/ lt hasn ’t been lying there since lun chtime.

The Present Perfect Continuous is used to refer to• actions which began in the past and are still going on.

(The emphasis is often on how long the action has

been going on)She’s been teaching here for over thi rty years!

I ’ve been trying to call her since early this morn ins.

We’ve been working on this task all week.

• actions which have just finished or have notfinished yet and have an effect on the present.Their hands are dirt y because th ey’ve been

repairing an old engine.

He ’s only been working in the garden for ten minutes and he already looks bored.

The following time expressions are used with the Present Perfect Continuous:all day (long), for, How long..?, lat ely recently, since

A

E

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1: - : ete the sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or

: -isent Perfect Continuous together with any other words given.

(go) to lunch.

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9

10

11

12

Kevin (just/leave) the office. I think he

am angry because I ............................................(wait) for you for over an hour!

t's the second time you (be) rude to me today.

How many times .......................................(I tell) you not to keep people waiting?

•Ve (sit) in the waiting room since 10 o’clock and the secretary

...............(not call) our names yet.

I can’t tell you what his plans are until I (ask) him.

How long ........................................(he study) Japanese?

Marion.............................................(pass) her exams with flying colours.

mreally pleased with myself because I (write) two essays this morning.

•Ve .................................(work) hard all afternoon, so we deserve a break.

(always/ feel) that you will be successful one day.

Don’t worry. We (not forget) about our promise to send you to summer camp.

3 Complete the text by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets and any other words given. Use the Present

S -ipie. Present Continuous, Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.

Geography suffers another blow

Every year the Department of Education (1) (publish) statistics regarding the numbers

:* oupils who (2) (complete) their A level studies* in different subjects. These statistics

3) (now/begin) to worry geography teachers, who (4) (see)

:_e number of pupils taking A level geography drop over the past few years. Since the release of this year’s

stat sties, members of the Give Geog rap hy it s P l ace Cam pa i gn (5) (try) to explain this

.•.orrying trend. So far, however, the only firm conclusion they (6) (reach) is that the

gz.ernment’s £2 million Ac t i o n P la n f o r Geog r a ph y is absolutely necessary to reverse this trend.

0 ' the other hand, it (7) (appear) that teachers of mathematics and the physical

ences are pleased with this year’s statistics and with good reason. The number of maths pupils alone, for

example, (8) ............................................(rise) by over 7% since last year. One member of the As so c i a t io n o f Schoo l

and Co l l ege Leade r s explained this satisfactory trend. She said, ‘Recently students (9)

Decome) aware of the subjects they need to help them get a job after university, and clearly maths, biology,

chemistry and physics (10) (give) them a considerable advantage in the job market.’

"A levels: final school exams which are used as qualifications for a place at university.

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Present Perfect Simple/Present Perfect Continuous

Vocabulary 2: Collocations

Make, Do and Take The table below gives a list of common expressions with make, do and take. Make sure you know what each one means.

Make Do Take 1

an attempt a journey one’s best advantage of

an arrangement a mistake business control (of)

certaln/sure money damage a chance

a change a noise one’s duty a decision

a choice a profit a favour (any/no) notice of

a claim a promise good part in

a complaint room (for) harm place

a decision sense homework a risk

a difference somebody feel better a job somebody by surprisean effort somebody’s day research (into) somebody’s place

an error something difficult (for) some shopping a shower/bath

an escape something easy (for) some sightseeing something for granted

an excuse up one’s mind something right/wrong something into account

friends (with) one’s way to a trick something seriously

fun of a wish work things easy

an impression

Complete the sentences by using the correct forms of make , do and take. Use the Present Simple, Present

Continuous, Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.

1 Sonya.............................................a different excuse every time she arrives late for school.

2 We part In the school play three times In the last four years.

3 Fortunately, the storm much damage to the island since it hit.

4 I don't feel tired because I things easy for the past few days.

5 Geoffrey hardly ever.............................................any notice of what I say.

6 How long you this job?

7 How many times I you a favour?

8 The new manager a big difference since he arrived.

9 1 all the expenses Into account yet, but I’m sure wea large profit since the beginning of the year.

1 0 So far Janet a good impression on her new employer.11 Everyone mistakes even when they a great effort not to.

1 2 She always a noise when I want peace and quiet.

It’s so annoying!

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Present Perfect Simple/Present Perfect Continuous


Read the text below and use one word to fill each gap.

Teachers use their own money

A recent survey (1) revealed that over 75% of teachers (2)

bought items for their class. Although they realise they are not responsible (3) buying

things for their class, they believe they cannot (4) their duty properly without using their

own money. In many cases the school ( 5 ) ...........................not have enough money to provide teachers

(6) all the Items they need, which has brought criticism from teachers’ associations. A

representative of one of the largest associations said: Teachers naturally ( 7 ) every effort to

give interesting lessons whenever possible, but this shouldn’t mean going into their own pockets. The danger is thatschools will (8) ............................................teachers’ goodwill for granted and expect them to fork out for classroom

materials all the time.’

In response to this statement, a government official replied: ‘We are (9) a loss to explain why

teachers are having to pay for supplies. This government has (10) increasing funding

(11) it came to power, so there is concern that some schools (12)

not managing their budgets very well.’

Forming Words

Verbs and Nouns

Verbs

Verbs describe actions, events and states.We go for a walk in the woods at the weekend, (action)The 200 4 Olympic Games were held in Athens, (event)She knows a great deal about clim ate change, (state)

Verbs have different forms.They are having a lot of fun at the summer camp

He went to their house early this morning.I haven't taken my driving test yet.

Have you decided to sell your bike?

You can ’t make me cry.

He seems to have lost his confiden ce.

Imagine spending a week in space.

Swimming is supposed to be good for you.

Nouns

Nouns are names given to objects, places, people, emotions etc. They usually have plural forms, but some do not.I need some information about the countries I intend to visit.

Nouns can also be used to qualify other nouns.

The car keys are on the kitchen table.

(Present participle)

(Past)(Past participle)(Full infinitive)(Bare infinitive)(Perfect infinitive)(Gerund)(Gerund as a subject)

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Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives

Adjectives give information about nouns. They have no plural form.

I sought two white shirts with m y last f ifty-pound note.

Adjectives can also give information about verbs like feel, look, seem, smell, sound and taste.The flowers looked beautiful, but they didn 't smell nice.

Adverbs

Adverbs give information about verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.People normally avoid t rying new foods.

The pupils waited quietly for the ir teacher to arrive.

We were al l extremely tired af ter our long walk.

He played really well durin g the tournament.

Adverbs are usually formed by adding -ly to the adjective,quick -» quickly bad -> badly

Some adverbs are formed in aslightly different way.

angry angrilyunbelievable unbelievably

automatic automatically

£30000 good -> well

Some adverbs have the sameform as their adjectives. Theseare: early, far, fast, hard, high, last, late, low, long, straight

She bough t a fast car and she

drove it fast.

A Read the text below. In each gap 1-10, write the type of word, verb, noun, adject ive or adverb that fits in the gap.

There is an example at the beginning (0).

An international arts fest ival

A small (0) .adjective. town situated near the border with England is not the type of place you would expect an

international arts (1) to be held. And yet Llangollen, with a (2) of about 3000, has

played host to this (3) event since the middle of the last century.

Although the Eisteddfod, as the festival is (4) , may not be the largest of its kind, it has a history to be

proud of. Several (5) people have taken part in the festival. One such person was Luciano Pavarotti in

1955. Later, the Italian (6) said it had been his experience in Wales which had (7) him

to begin a (8) singing career.

Nowadays the competitors may not be so high profile but they find the festival (9) enjoyable. They

not only get the chance to show off their talent but they also have the opportunity to form strong (10)

with like-minded people from completely different backgrounds.

B Now complete the text. Use each word below to form another word that fits in the corresponding gap in the text.

There is an example at the beginning (0). You may refer to Appendix 2 on page 273 to remind yourself of the

prefixes and suffixes used to form verbs, nouns and adjectives.

0 Welsh WALES

1 COMPETE 6 SING

2 POPULATE 7 COURAGE

3 WONDER 8 PROFESSION

4 KNOW 9 EQUAL

5 FAME 10 FRIEND

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1 Present Perfect Sim ple/Present Perfect Continuous

English in Use

Idioms

A Use the idioms below to complete the captions under the pictures.

a see eye to eye

d a pat on the back

b get the picture

e burn the candle at both ends

These marks are not as good as Iexpected from you, Belinda.

You really need to ..........

Don’t worry about my promotion.It's...............................................

c pull your socks up

f in the bag

It's a great job and my new bossand I ...................

. on everything.

We’re so busy at work that I’mhaving to.....................................

to keep up.

Oh! I.......

They’re doing everything they canto make you unhappy at work.

Well done, Belinda! You reallydeservefor the effort you’ve made recently.

B Match the idioms with the meanings below. The first one has been done for you.

1 agree with each other ...a.... 4 understand what you mean

2 as good as certain ......... 5 try hard to Improve

3 work late and get up early ......... 6 congratulations

Which meaning?

A Some phrasal verbs have more than one meaning, so it is necessary to use the context to decide which meaning i<most likely. Look at the pictures and caption below and decide which picture most likely represents the meaning

of the caption.

I picked up a little Italian when I was In Italy.

B Match the meanings of the phrasal verb ‘pick up’ below with the pictures 1-3.

a lift from the ground........ b learn c take by car

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3'2-mar

I n e :he correct answer.

Vocabulary

Circle the correct answer.

f tt in Read the whole question before choosing the answer.

1 It’s the first time she in the advertisingindustry.

A is working C has been workingB works Dhas worked

2 The local elementary school has been in thislocation the 1970s.A from C beforeB since D for

3 What of your new teacher?A are you thinking C do you thinkB you think D have you thought

4 It’s not very nice to laugh a fellow studentwho gets an answer wrong.A with C to

B at D for

5 We’ll be back from our vacation a couple of daysbefore school

A starts C has startedB is starting Dwill start

1 Biology isn’t ... after the third year, sostudents don’t have to study it.A compulsory C optional

B comprehensive D temporary

2 Good teachers always what they want theirstudents to learn.A take in C catch onB get across D get at

3 Mr Brody has handed in his and is leavingthe company next week.

A redundancy C promotionB sack D resignation

4 Are people who don’t lies the bestemployees?A say C tellB speak D talk

5 Some people earn very little but their isquite high because they get money from othersources.A income C wage

B salary D pay

6 My name is Maria and I ........Mexico.

A am coming from C have been coming fromB comes from D come from

7 The twins aresciences.A equallyB equal

good at the physical

C equalityD equalizing

8 Rice........in parts of the world with little rainfall.A does not grow C hasn't been growing

B is not growing D are not growing

9 Not many professionals are paid the hour.A with C inB by D to

10 The children are tired because they ontheir project all day.

A are working C have been workingB work D have worked

6 Those students who drop out of university donot complete their course.

A degree C diplomaB certificate Dqualification

7 During an economic crisis, companiesvery few new employees.A keep in C pick up

B take on Dput in for

8 ‘You all deserve a pat on the ’, said the

teacher to her class.A head C handB eye Dback

9 Henry’s many favors for me and he neverasks for anything in return.A taken C doneB made D given

10 Asif’s English is so good that many people thinkhe’s a nativeA talker C lecturer

B speaker D teller

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Past Simple/Past Continuous ^

Used to/Would

Past Perfect Simple/Past Perfect Continuous

Past Simple

The Past Simple is formed as follows for each person:• You/ She watched television yesterday afternoon.• They flew to America last week.

The Past Simple is used withthe stative verbs on page 4 inUnit 1.

• Did you watch television yesterday af ternoon?

• Did they fly to America last week?

• She did n’t watch television yesterday afternoon.

• They didn 't f ly to America last week.

The following timeexpressions are used withthe Past Simple to define aspecific time in the past:

zamsBin the question and negative (-ve) forms with did and didn’t, the verbreturns to the bare infinitive form.

The Past Simple is used to refer to• actions or states which occurred or existed at a certain time in the past.

He phoned me two days ago.

I didn 't think appearance was important in those days.

• several actions which occurred one after the other in the past.They entered the building, walked up the stairs and went into his office.

• events which make up the main part of a story.He closed the door behin d him and locked it.

She knew at that moment that she did n’t want to leave.

• past habits.

I visited her every weekend dur ing the schoo l holidays.

ago, back then, in March, in the 60 s, in those days, in

20 04 , last week/ month/ year,

yesterday

Past Continuous

The Past Continuous is formed as follows:• l/ He/ She was watching television when Colin got back.• YouA/Ve/ They were staying with friends at that time.

• Was she watching television when Colin got back?

• Were you staying with friends at that time?

• She wasn't watching television when Colin go t back.

• You weren’t staying with friends at that time.

The following timeexpressions are used withthe Past Continuous:

as, at t hat time, at 8 o ’ clock

yesterday, while

The Past Continuous is used to refer to• actions in progress at a particular time in the past.

I was having dinner with Jane at eigh t o ’ clock, so it wasn’t me you saw at

the funfair.

• actions in progress in the past when another action occurred.We were sunbath ing on the beach when we got the news.

They were pla ying chess when they heard a loud bang.

• two actions in progress at the same time in the past.While I was checkin g the emails, Beth was making phone calls.

• background events in a story.The wind was gettin g stronger and huge t hick black clouds were covering

the sky.


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18/39

Vocabulary 1

Use the words above each set of sentences to complete the sentences. Use the correct form of each word. Use each

word at least once.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

B

annoy bother disturb interfere interrupt offend provoke

Jason’s comments...........................an argument at last night’s party.

Please don’t ...........................me when I’mtalking.

I was surprised when my parents didn’t after I told them I wanted a tattoo.

My concentration was when someone started shouting.

Don’t to knock when you come back: come straight in.

Marie was over whether she had given her sister the key to her flat.

Someone had the flowers in the vase.

Whenever Marion starts talking nonsense, I get really..........................

What they said about Charlotte deeply all of us.

I used to enjoy going out, but these days I just can’t be

confide depend

1 You can in me because I won’t say a word to anyone.

2 I my cousin to drive us to the airport early in the morning and she didn’t disappoint me.

3 Whether I forgive her on her willingness to apologise.

4 Of course I ....................... him: he’s my best friend.

5 I’m not going to only on what Jake said. I need to ask someone else.

1 Did you to tell Andy about the picnic?

2 Sheila me of my niece who lives in Australia.

3 me to send Paula an email, will you?

4 I couldn't...........................meeting him because it had been over 30 years since we’d seen each other.

5 I didn’t have a pen or my mobile phone on me, so I her address.

6 Not having a good memory for faces, Anna didn’t ............her aunt immediately.

remember remind

| approval attitude feeling mood opinion spirit view |

1 From my father’s point of , there’s nothing more important than being neat and tidy.

2 It’s quite normal for parents’ to be quite different from those of their children.

3 Tamara had the that her mother wouldn’t take to her new friends.

4 In my , someone who talks behind your back cannot be called a true friend.

5 The children were in high as we were travelling to the beach.

6 Being a sociable person, Donna is always in the to meet new people.

7 As Rita’s parents are not narrow-minded, all of her close friends meet with their

8 He’s in a bad and doesn’t want to speak to anyone.

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h

pass spare spend waste

1 Joanna is always willing to ...........................a few hours to help her friends.

2 During his free time, Dennis..........................hours making model aeroplanes.

3 Don’t ...........................

your time asking for Ian’s help; he won’t even consider it.4 Time..........................quickly when you’re in good company.

afraid angry anxious nervous worried

1 Michael was............................to make a good impression on his new girlfriend’s parents.

2 Calling her names will only make her and then she'll be in a bad mood for the rest of the day.

3 Graham was to ask Veronica out because he was of her saying ‘no’.

4 Teenagers are often about what their friends say about them.

5 Being around strangers makes some people ......................, which causes them to start feeling very

uncomfortable.

logical reasonable sensible sensitive

1 I didn’t think Gillian was being...........................when she said I should pay for all the damage done at

the party.

2 If you want to stay out of trouble, go out with friends.

3 Jim tends to say what he thinks and often upsets people.

4 Whether you think a decision is or not depends on your point of view.

5 Barry used to be ...................to criticism.

H

1

2

3

4

5

6

hold keep stand support maintainCameron always...........................his wife in an argument, no matter whether he thinks she s right or wrong

As a close family, they by each other at all times.

Being both knowledgeable and sociable, Barry can

I set aside a little time every day to

Angela's sixteen now and she can’t

It takes a great deal of hard work to .....................

.........................a conversation with almost anyone.

in touch with people I’ve met.

it when her parents treat her like a young child,

a relationship.

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Phrasal Verbs 1



ask after------------------------------------------------------------------- — enquire about

break up be concerned about

bring up give an impression of being

care about separate

come across visit without arrangement

drop by raise

fall for agree with

fall in with pass on to the next generation

fall out be attracted to

hand down not be friends any longer


1 Wendy and Calvin last month, but they’re thinking ofgetting back together.

2 You can at any time: you don’t need to call before you come to see me.

3 Helen and Julie after a terrible argument yesterday.

4 Tim as being shy when I first met him, but it was only because he doesn’t

trust strangers.

5 I saw your friend Anya this morning and she you.

6 That clock was to my father and he is going to it

to me.

7 It's becoming more and more difficult for parents to their children the way they

want to raise them.

8 I ............................................everybody else’s plans because I had no choice.

9 Why do all the boys Janine? She’s not that attractive!

1 0 Of course we what happens to you; we are your friends!

Prepositions 1


1 about at by for in of on _ 1

1 They share the same occupation and interests, so they have a lot common.

2 Nick didn’t believe love first sight until he saw Sue.

3 We had a discussion ...............our differences so that we could understand each other better.

4 Now that Robert can work things out his own, he rarely complains me anything.

5 You should be happy.................your sister, not jealous..................her.

6 They’re really not happy you telling their mother what happened at school.

7 He prefers to spend his free time himself.8 I used to know all my neighbours name, but now I only know them sight.

9 Can I have a word with you private, please?

10 Was it you who introduced me Leon?

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22/39


Past Perfect Simple

The Past Perfect Simple is formed as follows for each person:• / ran to the shop, bu t somebody had bought the book I wanted.• They had barely finished washing the car when it sta rted to rain.

• Had you stolen the money the police found in you r flat?

• Had you ever worked in a factory before you sta rted here?

• When we go t back home, we discovered that we hadn’t shut all the windows.

• /Is they had n’t reached a decision by midday, t hey decided to break for lunch.

The Past Perfect Simple is used to refer to• actions which occurred or states which existed before other actions or states

in the past.By the time we arrived at the station, the coach had left.

I took out the pen that had been in m y drawer f or years.

She never knew how much h e’d loved her.

We had no sooner started talking about her than she came into the room.

• actions which occurred or states which existed before a time in the past.

No human had set foot on the moon before 1969 .

The following time

expressions are used withthe Past Perfect Simpleto show that one actionoccurred before another inthe past:

after, already, b arel y...when ,

before, b y the time,

ha rd ly... when, i t was the

first time...since, just, no

soon er... than, when, years

before/ earlier

Past Perfect Continuous

The Past Perfect Continuous is formed as follows for each person:

• We had been working hard all day, so nat urall y we were very tired.• She had been wa iting for an hour before I arrived.

• How long had you been lookin g for a flat before you found this one?

• Had they been talkin g about me f or long before I walked in?

• When I found the ring in her pocket, I rea lised she hadn ’t been telling

the truth.

• I knew he hadn ’t been playing the guit ar for long the moment I heard

him play.

The following time

expressions are usedwith the Past Perfect

Continuous:

ai l day (long), for,

How lon g.. ? since

The Past Perfect Continuous is used to refer to• actions which were in progress until another action or time in the past.

We'd been talking about relationships for hours before the party started.I remembered how much she had been looking forward to her eighteent h

birthday.

• actions which had just finished or were in progress and had an effect at a

particular time in the past.Their hands were sti cky because th ey’d been eating sweets.

He ’d on ly been peelin g onions for less than a min ute when tears started

rollin g down his cheeks.

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Unit 2

; : ate the sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Perfect Simple or Past

: r -feet Continuous together with any other words given.

1 By the time we next met, she (change) completely.

2 As I (forget) my keys, I had to wait for my parents to arrive.• How long (you collect) comics before you got this one?

............(hardly/leave) the house when I heard my phone start to ring.

5 There were no biscuits in the tin because my brother and his friends (eat) them all.

5 It was the first time Marios ............................................ (speak) to her since they left university.

7 When Colin and Andrew came out of the room, it was obvious that neither of them.............................................

(apologise).

S The children didn’t want to go to bed because their uncle (tell) them ghost storiesall evening.

9 Liam.............................................(only clean) his room for ten minutes before he got bored.

10 The man she was talking about was the same one I ........................... (see) outside our house acouple of days earlier.

D Complete the text by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets and any other words given. Use the Past

Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous.

How well do you know...?

-ow well do you know the people in your life? Apparently, not very well according to a study which

1) (come out) last week. It found that the vast majority of us get the wrong impressionof people we know at one time or another.

One typical example from the study was that of Margaret (not her real name), a twenty-year-old student. Margaret

met a young man called Stuart while she (2) (work) as a tour guide during the summer.

They (3) (take to) each other and decided to go out.

After six months Margaret discovered that Stuart (4) (see) another young woman at the

same time, so she asked for an explanation over coffee. ‘As I (5).............................................(talk) to him about it,

'e (6) (look) at me with a puzzled expression. He really (7)

not believe) that he (8) (just/do) something awful’, said Margaret. After this incident,

Margaret was angry with Stuart, but even more disappointed that she (9) (allow)someone to hurt her.

Although the explanation for this case might be that Margaret and Stuart’s relationship was short, the study also

(10) (find) that the disappointment of not knowing someone can occur after a fifty-year

relationship. One researcher involved in the study said: ‘It is hard to get to know people, but it is even harder to

understand why you never get to know them.’

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Vocabulary 2

Use the words above each set of sentences to complete the sentences. Use the correct form of each word. Use each word at least once.

answer remark reply report respond

1 By the time she.... ............my letter, I had moved abroad.

2 After I had broken his mobile phone, he by breaking mine.

3 Can you to this email as soon as possible, please?

4 Why do you have to everything I do to Mum and Dad?

5 When he left the house, he..........................that your children were extremely polite.

B i assume estimate guess reckon regard suppose

1 I wouldn’t like to..........................what Mike’s going to come to the fancy dress party as.

2 Jeanette automatically that she would get an invitation to Carol's party.

3 I don’t you’ve got a jacket you could lend me, have you?

4 It was difficult to how many people were at the wedding reception.

5 Now that I’ve told you my idea, what do you ?

6 Most people would ...........Paul’s behaviour as unacceptable.

level period term time stage

1 Jerry doesn’t enjoy spending long......................... of time away from his family.

2 It’s nice to be able to rely on your friends In of trouble.

3 After going out for two years, Alan and Rita felt they were ready to take their relationship to the next

4 I expect my friendship with her to get stronger in the long..

5 It’s unwise to take anyone for granted at any......................... of a relationship.

1 It Is...........................clear that family is more important in some countries than others.

2 I was......................... impressed by the way the villagers cooperated with each other.

3 Advice on solving family problems is now...........................available.

4 The announcement of their engagement took me by surprise.

5 Most parents feel about their children rushing into marriage.

6 It is ........................young children who play in this park, but teenagers hang around here in the evening.

besides despite unlike whereas

1 Sam and Chris seem to get on well their obvious differences.

2 Sam, Chris thinks that you can tell whether someone will make a good friend or not the

moment you meet them.

3 In addition, Sam doesn’t trust people easily, Chris is willing to take their honesty for granted.

4..........................

being suspicious of strangers, Sam is careful with people he has known for years.

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greatly highly likely probably surely

1 Jessica is not to make that mistake again!

2 They’ll wait a year or two before they get engaged.

3 you’re not thinking of asking Veronica to help you.

4 We were...........................disappointed when our picnic was cancelled.

5 It’s ..................... that they’ll celebrate their anniversary with a few close friends.

6 Our wedding planner came recommended and everything went off smoothly.

| alike equal identical like same similar 1

1 Having the opinions as someone else helps to strengthen the bonds of friendship.

2 Edward is his father in so many ways.

3 Our new neighbourhood is quite to our old one, so we've settled in quickly.

4 When twins do not dress differently, it can be very difficult to tell them apart.

5 I’msorry I took your jacket, but apart from this small stain it is to the one I’ve got.

6 It is widely believed that everyone should have rights, regardless of age, beliefs, colour or gender.

7 Barbecues are enjoyable for young and old ........

cope deal sort suffer tolerate

1 I’ll with the problem, so there’s no need for you to do anything.

2 As Stan from a lack of confidence, he rarely goes out.

3 Be careful when you talk to David! He won't any disrespect.

4 How she with bringing up three young children and doing a part-time job is beyond me.

5 Leave the tidying up to me. I’ll everything out.

6 William great embarrassment when his girlfriend broke up with him in front of his friends.

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Past Perfect Simp le/Past Perfect Continuous

...................................................................................................

Phrasal Verbs 2



get together------------------------------- respect, admire

let down — meetlook up to disappointmake up for criticise (to humiliate)put down meet by chanceput off discourageput up with display to impressrun into resembleshow off tolerate

take after compensate for

I


1 I had barely got off the bus when I an old friend at the station.

2 She definitely her mother in both appearance and character.

3 We used to at a café in town every Sunday afternoon.

4 It’s not unusual for young boys to their elder brothers and try to copy them.

5 It was the third time he me and not turned up tomeet me.

6 Why does he ...........................................his expensive possessions when we all know he’s wealthy?

7 The girl's father being late to her birthday party by taking her to the funfair.8 Parents often their children becoming friends with kids

they do not approve of.

9 As he believes honesty is so important, he never ...........................................dishonest people.

10 You’re always saying how disappointing he is. Give him a chance and don't him

all the time.

Prepositions 2


about as at in of on under with

1 Teenagers are often.................pressure to satisfy their parents’ wishes.

2 Teenagers frequently put pressure their parents to buy them whatever they want.

3 Michael left home the age of 19 and got married his childhood sweetheart when he was 21.

4 John got engaged Christine secret.

5 Jealousy can cause children to be cruel their younger brothers and sisters.

6 She’s fond you because you remind her her son when he was young.

7 I would describe Peter someone who feels most comfortable when he is home.

8 When we were students, I regarded Jerry my closest friend because I could alwaysdepend him.

9 I got in contact her when she returned from Australia and was enthusiastic seeing her again.

1 0 Getting angry..................young children doesn’t accomplish anything.

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Unit 2

kids

m

21.

gain.

J se of English Practice 2

me text below and use one word to fill each gap.

VaK ng ju dgements

1' a -fewdecades (1) .........youngsters aged between eight and twelve, who are now described

2 tweens, knew very little about scandal. They (3) not use to

access to information about the unacceptable behaviour of the famous and they were rarely asked to say whether

re . approved (4) an adult's behaviour.

:wadays tweens not only have access to news Items about a star’s bad behaviour but they also have the ability to

. :ge behaviour on their (5) During recent interviews, tweens were quite willing to decide

■"ether, (6) their opinion, a well-known celebrity (7) done

:: nettling wrong and give reasons for their judgement. Of course (8) this age, they are still

- ter the influence of their parents and tend to fall In (9) parental views, especially when

re . come from a close family.

-5 “weens grow Into teenagers, the way they have been brought (10) becomes less

-* -ential because the pressure their peers put (11) them takes over from parental values.

As a ••esult, they (12) up to people based on who they are and not on what they do. Teenage

g ' s. for example, said that being pretty, famous and popular was more important than behaving badly.

Forming Words

- Complete the table below. Put in a prefix where possible. You may refer to Appendix 3 on page 274 to remind

yourself of the prefixes used to change meanings.

Verb Noun Adjective

accept acceptance (un)acceptable

attend(1) .................................

attendance(in)attentive

annoy (2) annoyed/annoying

confide confidence (3)

decide (in)decision(4)

(un)decideddeciding

describe (5)descriptive(in)describable

disturb (6) d isturbed/d isturbi ng

offend offence (7)

rely(8)

(self-)rel iance(un)reliable(9)

tolerate (in)tolerance(10)

(in)tolerable

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B Use the word in capitals at the end of each sentence to form a word that completes the sentence.

1 Don’t ask Glen for an opinion because he’s so that he won’t be

able to give you one.

2 When a friend tells you something is , it means you mustn’t

reveal it to anyone else.

3 To my mind, Annie’s far too to be a babysitter.

4 When I heard Linda shouting at the children, I realised she wasn’t asas I’d thought.

5 It’s remarkable how some people can give accurate of events

that occurred in early childhood.

6 What you said was ..................... Take it back right now!

7 The toddler showed his by throwing his toy on the floor.

8 She’s unusually for a five-year-old.

DECIDE

CONFIDE

RELY

TOLERATE

DESCRIBE

OFFEND

ANNOY

ATTEND

C Complete the table below. You should put in a prefix for every word you write down.

Verb Noun Adjective

care (un)caring

care carefulness careful

carelessness careless ___ _

depend ( 1 )(in)dependent(un)dependable

legalise (il)legality ( 2 )

mature ( 3 ) (im)mature

perfect ( 4 ) ( 5 )

( 6 ) (dis)pleasure ( 7 )

(dis)pleased

resist resistanceresistant(ir)resistible

(dis)satisfied

( 8 ) ( 9 ) (un)satisfactory

(un)satisfying

socialise (in/un)sociabi 1ity (1 0 )

(anti)social

use (dis/un)used

(mis)use usefulness useful

uselessness useless

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Unit 2

D Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

№3SWhen you have decided what kind of word is missing, make sure that the form of the word (positive or negative)- e«es sense in context.

"rying to escape

Before becoming adults, there are two periods when we try to escape from (1)

rcrtrol. The first of these occurs in early (2) , at about the age of two. The

cer-ble twos, as they are sometimes known, exhibit the type of (3) that

iccears to show they find being under total control completely (4) Walking has

i en them the (5) to go where they want, and they can take full advantage of

~ ; oy running away from their parents at every opportunity.

~_e second period when (6) at being controlled is clearly shown is when

Idren become (7) At first, there are a few minor signs that they are moving» a y from their parents. Then, as they reach ( 8 ) , these signs become more

:c ,ious and more frequent.

~_ese two periods of development are similar in that both toddlers and adolescents show they are

5 ....................................with their parents being in control. The difference is that 18-year-olds are

•'eadyfor (10) , whereas toddlers are not.

PARENT

CHILD

BEHAVE

ACCEPT

ABLE

PLEASE

TEENMATURE

SATISFY

DEPEND

English in Use

jtoms

- Use the idioms below to complete the captions under the pictures.

a twist him round my little finger b have the upper hand c came out of his shell

^givîe^îec^nTT^nin^^^^^^^^weaôuîeaôrôu^leev^^^^^^leôurhaiôwr^^

r M

■

. J

1She did what? I’ll

when I see her!

You might be older, sis, but justremember that I .. .

Don’t worry! I can

so I’msure he’ll drive you tothe airport.

*


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B Match the idioms with the meanings below. The first one has been done for you.

l make someone do what you want a

2 tell someone angrily exactly what you think of them

3 show emotions openly

4 control things

5 relax and enjoy yourself

6 lose shyness and become friendly

Which meaning?

A A change of preposition can change the meaning of a sentence. Match the beginnings of each pair of sentences

on the left with the pair of endings on the right so that they make sense.

1 We arrived on time a and we didn't miss the start of the film.

2 We arrived in timeb to get a cup of coffee before the film started.

3 1shouted at Jerry c to tell him it was lunchtime.

4 1shouted to Jerry d because he'd done something foolish.

5 It was in my way and that's why e 1 asked her to move it.

6 It was on my way and that’s why f 1 offered to take her to work.

B Match the phrases in bold with the meanings below.

1 communicated in a loud voice ..................................

2 on the route 1was taking

3 earlier than necessary

4 showed anger with

5 punctually ..................................

6 causing an obstruction


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Grammar

I r :-e correct answer.

By the time she got back home, the babysitterasleep in the living room.

A was falling C fellB had been falling D had fallen

2 that it was dangerous to go into thewoods behind our house after dark.A would think C used to be thinkingB used to think D was thinking

3 When did Sally get engaged Walter?A by CtoB with D for

4 While we were waiting for Jenny, we Scottdriving into town.A were seeing CsawB had been seeing Dhad seen

5 According to June, Ben and Jack at lastnight’s party.A fell out Chad fallen outB were falling out D had been falling out

6 They were very tired because theyfurniture all day.A moved Cwere movingB had been moving Dhad moved

7 We lost contact with Shirley two years........A since CbeforeB ago Dprevious

8 When I was young, the whole family on a

picnic every weekend.A would go C had been goingB

were goingD

had gone

9 It wasn’t unusual for girls to get marrieda young age in those days.A to CatB in D with

10 What when you heard the news?A were you doing C would you doB had you done D did you use to do

Vocabulary

Circle the correct answer.

1 Frank’s normally so reliable, so I didn’t expecthim toA put me down C put me off B let me down D bring me up

2 I used to spend long of time painting inthe garden shed.A periods C stagesB spaces D terms

3 Sonya has the hand in her house andcontrols her brother and sisters.A longer C upperB higher D taller

4 Yolanda her elder sister and says shewants to be just like her one day.A looks up to C puts up withB takes over D makes up for

5 Don't that Caroline will help you withoutasking for something in return.A regard C guess

B estimate D assume

6 It's natural for teenagers to wantindependence.A perfectly C mainlyB strongly D finely

7 Everyone likes her because she has such aattitude.

A resistible C usefulB satisfied D caring

8 It’s not easy for Pamela to........with the

pressure her family puts on her.A cope C tolerateB sort D suffer

9 Please don’t in our business.A bother C disturbB interfere D provoke

10 Nobody was in the........to go out, so weordered some pizza.A approval C spiritB feeling D mood

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Future Simple/Future Continuous/fce going to Future Perfect Simple/Future Perfect Continuous Other Ways to Express the Future/Question Tags

"W m


Future Simple

The Future Simple is formed as follows for each person: The following words and• 1 th ink she/ they will make the right decision. expressions are used with the• You’ll be old enough to vote next year. Future Simple:

• Will 1have enough time to visit my aun t? be certain/ sure, believe,• Will you carry this bag for me? defin itely, guess, know,

• We will not let i t happen again. c€ r~aps. probably, reckon,

• We won’t tell anyone about your plan. suppose, thin k

The Future Simple is used to• refer to future facts.

She will be eighteen next month.• make promises.

1will give you t he money tomorrow.• make decisions at the time of speaking.

It ’s stuck! I ’ll get a hammer.• make requests.

Will you get some apples on the way back from work? • make predictions.

It will take at least six months t o ge t int o shape.• make offers.

1will help you clean up after the party.• give opinions or express possibility about future events.

1 think the concert will be a great success.

We’re sure they will do better next year.

I ’ l l be busy tomorrow morning.• make threats.

I ' l l tel l your mother.

Future Continuous

The Future Continuous is formed as follows for each person:• l/ He/ We will be driving to Paris this tim e tomorrow.

• Wi ll you be working in the office next Friday mornin g?

• They won’t be staying the night.

The Future Continuous is used to• refer to actions in progress at a specific time in the future.

They’ll be cooking for the whole fam ily next Sunday morning.

I will be working on my project tomorrow afternoon.

• refer to actions which have been planned.We will be staying at the best hotel in town.

• make guesses about actions in progress.

It ’s seven o ’clock now, so Pauline will be working out at the gym.

The following expressionsare used with the FutureContinuous:

at 5 o’cloc k tomorrow, next

Saturday morning/ evening,

this t ime tomorrow/ next week/

month.

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Unit 3

be go ing to

Be going to is formed in the same way as the Present Continuous.• / am going to buy a new microwave oven next week.

• WefThey are going to sell the shop soon.

• He/ She is going to study medicine.

• Are you going to take part in the fun run?

• Is he going to apply for the job ?

• I'm not goin g to give up joggin g.

• She’s not going to visit us durin g the holiday.

Be going to is used withfuture time expressions.

REMEMBER![The Present

Simple and PresentContinuous are also usedto refer to the future.

Be going to is used to• refer to intentions.

I’m going to take an aerobics class.

Sh e ’s going to ask for an extra day off.

• make predictions based on present observations.Look at all th is traff ic! We’re going to be late.

The children are eating too much ice cream. They’re going to make themselves sick.

A Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, Future

Continuous or ‘be going to’ together with any other words given. Use ‘be going to’ wherever possible.1 I .................. (make) his birthday cake this time on Friday. (you help) me?

2 We (probably/eat out) this evening.

3 Look at how much cake he’s eating! He (have) a terrible stomachache.

4 As I’ve hurt my back, I (be able to go) climbing with you.

5 It’s midday, so he (prepare) lunch.

6 ............................................(you/get) one of those fridges which uses much less electricity than normal ones?

7 I think (you be) surprised at how well he can cook.

8 We (not make) that mistake again and that’s a promise.

9 There are no lemons left. I (go) and buy some.

10 Don't call me at four o’clock. I (have) a rest then.

11 Robots (never/replace) chefs in restaurants.

12 They (have) a barbecue next Saturday evening.

B Complete the email by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple or FutureContinuous, ‘be going to’ and in one case the Present Simple. Use any other words given.

Hi,

It’s great to hear that you (1) (open) your own restaurant. I think that it

(2)................................. (attract) plenty of customers as there isn’t another restaurant that has Greek

food on the menu in your area.

agree that you (3) (have to) visit some restaurants here in Greece before you

(4) (serve) any Greek dishes at your restaurant. I (5)

(definitely/take) you to some of the best traditional restaurants in the city so that you can get a better idea of how

to cook Greek food.

Unfortunately, I (6) (not be able to join) you on Poros. During the first week of August,

I (7) (stay) with my cousin George at his family's summer house. He

(8) (be) eighteen on 6th August and we (9) (have) a big

surprise party for him. So, George’s sister and I (10) (arrange) everything in secret for

the whole week.

Best wishes,

Anna35


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3Future Simple/Future Continuous/be going to

Vocabulary 1

Use the words above each set of sentences to complete the sentences. Use the correct form of each word. Use each

word at least once.

cure heal mend restore treat

1 As long as you are careful, your hand will......................... very quickly.

2 Young people’s broken bones much more quickly than those of the elderly.

3 Doctors had to locals for chemical poisoning after an explosion at the factory nearby.

4 Some serious illnesses can be when the patient seeks medical help early.

5 Medical staff all the flu victims to health within a week.

B fracture infection wound

1 Don escaped the accident without any

2 An ear prevented her from going for her daily swim.

3 The child who had a deep on his arm was taken to hospital for stitches.

4 An X-ray revealed two of the patient’s left arm.

5 Eric’s has healed so well that there is no scar on his cheek.

6 You'll do yourself by not taking your doctor’s advice and going out with a high temperature.

examination injection operation prescription recipe test vaccine

1 After a thorough medical .........................., Veronica was told there was nothing wrong with her.

2 You can’t take this medicine without a from your doctor.

3 I’ve got some for low-calorie dishes that will help you lose weight.

4 Emma was happy to hear she did not need an .......................on her broken leg.

5 In order to make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor had to wait for the results of a blood

6 I can never look at the needle when I have an

7 As they are most at risk from disease, medical staff are among the first people to receive

common throbbing

1 There’s no cure for the...........................cold, but there are remedies you can take to make it bearable.

2 A spoonful of honey will provide temporary relief for a ......................... throat.3 As I had a headache, all I wanted was peace and quiet.

4 After training, Carla felt a pain in her right arm whenever she tried to lift it.

5 Having a nose, Sandra bought a lot of tissues to take to work.

6 A cough always sounds really bad.

bruised sprained torn twisted

1 Her............................hip was black and blue, but she hadn’t suffered any fractures.

2 She has to get around on crutches because she has a badly muscle in her leftleg.

3 The gymnast held an ice pack on his knee after taking a heavy fall.

4 You can’t do push-ups when you have a...........................wrist.

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Unit 3

blow sigh sneeze yawn

1 Make sure you put your hand over your nose if you feel you are going to

2 Barry with relief when his doctor gave him the good news.

3 When one person in a group , others sometimes do the same thing.

4 It’s not a good idea to..........................your nose as hard as you can.

G

1

2

3

4

5

group regime routine session state

You can imagine his.......................... of mind when he had to give up weight training.

There are three major food : carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

A tough training can leave you exhausted when you’re not really fit.

Sally’s busy daily does not allow her to spend much time at the gym.

It’s best to choose a fitness that suits your needs and ability.

1 There are now face...........................available that remove wrinkles and make people look younger.

2 A good suntan will protect you while you are sunbathing.

3 Some vitamin are so large that they’re difficult to swallow.

4 Nowadays strawberry-flavoured cough is prescribed for children to help them to take it

more easily.

5 A combination of eye and eye brought me relief.

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Future Simple/Future Continuous/be go ing to

Phrasal Verbs 1



bring round----------- recover fromcare for --------------------- become ill withget over — help back to consciousnessgive up stop doinggo down with look aftergo through disappear slowlykeep off lose consciousness, faintpass out do exercisewear off not eat or drinkwork out endure


1 My doctor advised me to golf because I had a bacK problem.

2 As the effect of the injection , my leg started to hurt.

3 I’mgoing to later, so I won’t eat a lot now.

4 It was so hot that several people

5 Luckily, a little cool water was enough to ........................................... them

6 Who Is going to Jackie while I’mat work?

7 It will take some time for Ron to his illness, but he will recover.

8 There were hardly any clerks in the office because most of them flu.9 Panos a great deal of pain after suffering burns while fighting the fire.

10 The dietician said it would be best to.............................................dairy products with a high fat content.

Prepositions 1


1 ____ 2L_ from in of on out of ____ 11 I don’t think I will benefit going a diet.

2 Now that he’s .................danger, he won’t have to stay...................hospital for much longer.

3 Unfortunately, J ill will have to stay bed for least a week because she is stillpain after the operation.

4 After suffering the effects of stress for years, he is now good health again.

5 Concentrating.................getting well is the key.................. recovery.

6 As I am not in the habit.................working out, any strenuous task leaves me breath.

7 Don’t put yourself risk by exercising too hard.

8 Keep all medicine the reach of children.

9 Samantha didn’t use to be keen going to the gym, but now you can’t keep her away it.

1 0 We were all surprised how quickly she got over her illness.

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Unit 3


Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

Doctors

E_. the time medical students complete their studies and training, they should be able to (1) their patients

e~ectlvely. Primarily, a doctor must be able to make a diagnosis on most occasions based on a brief (2) and

:ne symptoms described by a patient. When a doctor is sure the diagnosis is correct a (3) can be written,

'ecommendations made, or both. When, for example, a patient comes into the surgery with a (4) throat, a

doctor might decide that a course of antibiotics, (5) syrup and advice to (6) very cold drinks

a be enough to help the patient (7) the illness quickly. In cases when a diagnosis cannot be made

mmediately, a doctor may request a blood (8) to get more information.

.'/hen a patient’s problem is outside the doctor’s field of practice, the patient is referred to another doctor. For instance,a general practitioner will refer a patient with an eye (9) or a (10) pain in the chest to an eye

specialist and a cardiologist respectively.

1 secondary, though no less important, role for a doctor concerns psychological well-being. Firstly, a doctor should

ensure that a patient’s (11) of mind will help recovery. Moreover, a doctor has to recognise that the patient

*no regularly comes in complaining of a heavy cold after just one (12) may just need a sympathetic ear

end little else.

1 A treat B restore C mend D fix

2 A vaccine B injection C examination D operation3 A prescription B note c recipe D paper

4 A harmed B sprained c runny D sore

5 A flu B cold c cough D throat

6 A stay out B keep off c wear off D leave out

7 A pass out B give up c go through D get over

8 A check B test c observation D data

9 A infection B harm c fracture D ache

10 A tough B hard c sharp D cutting

11 A condition B situation c type D state

12 A sneeze B yawn c sigh D blow

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Future Perfect Simple/Future Perfect Continuous/Question Tags


Future Perfect Simple

The Future Perfect Simple is formed as follows for each person:• l/ He/ She/We/ They will have finished by tomo rrow evening.

• Wi ll you have recovered from the inju ry by next month?

• We won’t have made our final decision by the weekend.

The Future Perfect Simple isused with by + a specific tim e in the future, or by now.

The Future Perfect Simple is used• to refer to actions or events that will be finished at a specific time in the future.

They wi ll have saved enough money by next spring.

• to express probability that actions or events will be finished at the timeof speaking.

It's four o ’clock, so Jim will have had his operat ion by now.

Future Perfect Continuous

The Future Perfect Continuous is formed as follows for each person:• By this t ime n ext year, l/ he/ she/we/ they will have been working here for

ten years.

• How long will you have been doing the project b y the end of th is year?

• He won’t have been playing go lf for three years by next mon th; he only took

it up earlier this year.

The Future Perfect Continuous is used to• refer to actions or events that started in the past and will still be In progress

at a specific time In the future.

By the end o f this year, I will have been doin g this job for exact ly five years.

• express the probability of how long actions or events will have been inprogress for a period of time until the time of speaking.

It ’s exactly six o’clock, so they will have been tr avelling for about eigh t hours.

The Future Perfect Continuousis normally used to put ane~ohasis on the length of time

the action will have been in

progress, so this tense is usedin the following structures. By

+ a specific time in the future +

Future Perfect Continuous +for+ a period of time, or How long- =e'*5ct Continuous

(question form) +by + a specific time in the future? In +

period of time (e.g In two years’time) can also be used at thebeginning of the sentence.

AComplete the sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Perfect Simple or

Future Perfect Continuous.

1 How long................................................ (you work) in this hospital by the end of this month?

2 I’msure she............................................ (recover) completely by the end of the summer holidays.

3 Phone her. She (get) the results of her blood test by now.

4 By the end of this year, Barbara (attend) aerobics lessons for eighteen months, andit shows.

5 In just three months’ time, Charles (complete) his medical studies.

6 They hope that they............................................(receive) enough vaccine by the time school starts.

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B Complete the text by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, Future Continuous,‘be going to’, Future Perfect Simple, Future Perfect Continuous and the Present Simple.

My plans

In two years’ time I (1) . (complete) my degree in food science. However, I don’t intend to leave

university until I (2) (be) 22 because I (3) (take) a postgraduate

course. This second qualification (4) (give) me a better chance of getting a good job.

Another reason why I expect to get a good job is that I know someone in the food industry. By the end of this year,

a friend of mine (5) (work) for a major company in the industry for five years. He has

already made some good contacts and has promised that he (6) (put) in a good word for

me when the time (7 )............................................(come).

Besides the two qualifications, I (8) .. (have) something else to put on my C.V. This time

next month, I (9) (get) valuable experience in a quality control laboratory. Although I

realise that having a summer job means missing out on a lot of fun, I am sure that the sacrifice

(10) (be) worth it in the end.

Other Ways to Express the Future

The phrases below are used to express actions which will occur in the near future.• be about to We are about t o open our own gym.

• be due to He is due to have his final operation on his hip.

• be on the point of They are on the point of deciding which treatment is best for the patient.

• be on the verge of Scientists are on the verge of discovering a revolutio narynew drug.

Question Tags

A question tag is formed by adding an auxiliary verb orsubject pronoun to a statement. When the statement istag is negative and when the statement is negative, thepositive. Question tags are used to ask for confirmation

You prefer th is one, don ’t you?

She doesn’t work out regularly, does she?

He is goin g on a diet, isn ’t he?

They bought the equipment, did n ’t they?

She had fish for lunch, did n't she? I wasn’t bein g unreasonable, was I?

We have made a mistake, haven’t we?

He had won the trophy before, hadn’t he?

You wi ll tel l me, won’t you?

She can stay, can ’t she?

a modal verb and apositive, the questionquestion tag isof the statement.

/mrar¥a The following questiontags are formed slightly

differently.

Let’s go, sha ll we?

I am fit enough, aren 't I?

Help me get into shape, will you?

Complete each of the following sentences by adding a corresponding question tag.

1 Go and see a dentist, .............. ?

2 She gave you a prescription, ?

3 I haven’t done anything wrong ?

English Grammar in Act - Unit 1-3 Sb 1 PDF

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