1. WHAT’S YOUR NAME? My name is Samuel. 2. HOW OLD ARE YOU? I am 16 years old. 3. HOW ARE YOU? I am fine thanks. 4. WHERE ARE YOU FROM? I am from United States. 4. WHERE DO YOU LIVE? I live in New York. 5. WHAT’S YOUR ADRESS? My address is 28 N. Bulevard. 6. WHAT’S YOUR PHONE NUMBER? My phone number is 01 55-90-11-2345 7. WHAT’S YOUR OCUPATION? I am student 8. HOW MANY BROTHERS OR SISTER DO YOU HAVE? I have one sister.

ALPHABET A B C D E F G H I J K L EI BI CI DI I EF GI EICH AI JEY KEY EL

M N O P Q R S T U V W X EM EN OU PI QUIO AR ES TI IU VI DOUBLEVI EX

Y Z WAY ZII.

NUMBERS 1. One 6. Six 2. Two 7. Seven 3. Three 8. Eight 4 Four 9. Nine 5 Five 10. Ten 11. Eleven 16. Sixteen 12. Twelve 17. Seventeen 13. Three teen 18. Eighteen 14. Fourteen 19. Nineteen 15. Fifteen 20. Twenty 30. Thirty 70. Seventy 40. Forty 80. Eighty 50. Fifty 90. Ninety 60. Sixty 100. One hundred 1000. One thousand HOMEWORK. 485. Four hundred eighty five. 537. Five hundred thirty seven. 486. Four hundred eighty six. 347. Three hundred forty seven. 655. Six hundred fifty five. 586. five hundred eighty six. 325. Three hundred twenty five. 438. Four hundred thirty eight. 1327. One thousand and three hundred twenty seven. 4585. Four thousand and five hundred eighty five. 6585. Six thousand and five hundred eighty six. 10801. Ten thousand eight hundred one. MATHEMATICS OPERATIONS. PLUS + MINUS - TIMES X DIVIDED BY /

VERB TO-BE (ser o estar). AM, IS, ARE. I am You are He is She is It is We are They are

Positive + verb to be + complement. I am Samuel, I am student Negative + verb to be + complement. in negative. I am not Samuel / she is not Maria Interrogative Verb to be + + Complement + ?. Are they killers?, is it a dog?. Yes they are, No it is not Are you Mariah? No, I am not. Are you Hugo? Yes, I am. Am I Juan Carlos? No, you are not. Are you 21 years old? No I am not. Is John 16 years old? Yes, he is. Am I 20 years old? No, you are not. Are you student? Yes I am. Is she seller? Yes she is.

PEOPLE. Dear Michael. My name is Kate Murray. I am from Boston, Massachusetts. I’m a student at Jefferson High school, and I’m 16 years old. WRITE: My name is Kate Murray. I’m from Boston, Massachusetts. I ‘m a student at Jefferson high, school. And I’m 16 years old. ASK AND ANSWER A: Is Kate a student? Yes, she is A: Is she from Texas? No, she isn’t She is from Massachusetts. HOW IS HE LOOK LIKE? Ricky Sanchez is a drummer in a rock group. Ricky is from Dallas, Texas. He’s twenty five years old. 1. What’s his name? Ricky Sanchez. 2. What’s his occupation? He’s a drummer in a rock group. 3. Where‘s he from? He’s from Dallas, Texas. 4. How old is he? He’s 25 years old. 5. How is he look like? He’s very funny, is short, fat, blond, intelligent.

AUXILIARY VERBS. INTRODUCTION.

There are three classes of verbs in English. 1. The auxiliary verb, do, be and have. (question and negative form). 2. Modal auxiliary verbs. These are verbs such as must, can, should,

might, will and would.

3. There are auxiliary verbs because they “help” others verbs (can express ability and obligation) have to, allowed to.

a) You must be home by 11:30 pm b) Bye! I have to be home by 11:00 pm c) You have to stay in the bed for a few days. Must – debe / tener que. Can – poder / puede. Should – deber (consejo). Might, may – poder. Will – simple future. Would – querer. Have to – tener Allowed – se te permite. DO, HAVE AND BE. Use the correct form of do, have, be and complete the sentences. 1. Does Gino just left to Peru? 2. When is she going to call your mother? 3. Do you have enough money yesterday? 4. When the train stopped, the passengers were very warrior. 5. She has been given a thousand dollars for her story. 6. We need help do you know how to do this? 7. I am afraid. I have spilled my coffee. 8. We waited until we were rescued. 9. When are you going back to Brazil?

10. I am afraid the children have written on your wall

SIMPLE PRESENT.

Is one of the most common tenses in English it can refer to present ( now), but ii can also refer to all time and regular time (permanent situations and habits). Example. I want a cup of tea – now The sun rises in the east – all time I play tennis on Sunday morning – regular time. Structure of present simple Affirmative. + verb in + complement. Simple Form She dances cumbia in the middle of the floor Negative + auxiliary + verb in + complement. Do / does simple In negative form I don’t work in the supermarket Interrogative Auxiliary + + verb in + complement. Do / does simple Form Do they play soccer in the park? PERSONAL PRONOUNS I Verb in YOU simple form DO HE 3er person SHE he works by DOES

IT the morning WE Verb in simple YOU form DO THEY Complete the following sentences using DO or TO BE. 1. She doesn’t usually go to school in the afternoon. 2. We are in Culiacan. 3. They aren’t my friends. 4. We are in the class by the morning. 5. They don’t usually read books. Answer the following questions use present tense. 1. Which are your favorite colors? My favorite color is gray and blue. 2. Why do you study English? Because I want be a successful person.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

We use present continuous for: 1. To express an activity that is happening now. Don’t turn the TV off, I am watching it. You can’t speak to Jane, she’s having a bath. 2. To express an activity r situation that is true now, but is nor

necessarily happening at the moment of speaking. Don’t take that book, Jane is reading it. I’m doing a French evening course this year. 3. To express a temporally activity. Peter is a student, but he is working as a barman during the holydays. 4. To express a planned future arrangement. I’m having lunch with Brenda tomorrow. We are meeting at one outside the restaurant. Rules for present continuous. 1. The normal rule is to add-ing to the base form of verbs. Going wearing visiting eating. 2. Verbs that end in one “e”, lose the –e add ing. Smoke – smoking Come – coming Write – writing 3. In verbs of one syllable, with one vowel and + one consonant, the

consonant is double. Stop – stopping get – getting run – running But if the final consonant is –y or –w, it is not double. Play – playing show – showing. But verbs that end in –ee don’t lose an –e Agree – agreeing see – seeing

STRUCTURES. Affirmative. + verb to be + verb in + complement. Ing form She is cooking a cake on the kitchen. Negative. + verb to be + verb in + complement. In negative ing form They aren’t studying English in my house Interrogative. Verb to be + + verb in + complement + ? Am I working at the Macdonald’s?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

Past present present Perfect In English the present perfect is essentially a present tense but it also expresses the effect of past actions and activities on the present. The present perfect doesn’t express when an action happened. If we say the exact time we have to use the simple past.

- In my life I have traveled to all five continents. - I traveled round Africa in 1988 - I learned English since 1991 - I have learned English for 12 years.

The present perfect has three main uses.

1. It expresses on action which began in the past and still continues. I have lived in the same house for 20 years. 2. It express on experience that happened at sometimes in one’s life. (the action is in the past and finished, but effects of the action are still felt). I ‘ ve been to the States unites. (I still remember that) 3. It expresses a past action that has a present result. The action is usually in the recent past. I have lost my money What have you done with you lip? (It is bleeding) Peter has shaved his beard off? ( he looks different)

STRUCTURES. Affirmative + auxiliary + verb in past + complement has / have participle I have played tennis for 3 days Negative. + auxiliary + verb in past + complement has / have participle in negative She hasn’t eaten cookies. Interrogative. Auxiliary + + verb in past + complement + ? Has / have participle Have we danced since 3 years ago? WRITE FIVE SENTENCES PRESENTE CONTINUOUS, SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT PERFECT. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. 1. I am playing soccer in the park. 2. I am not playing football in the park. 3. Am I playing soccer in the park. 1. She is cooking a cake. 2. She isn’t cooking a cake. 3. Is she cooking a cake. 1. We are studying mathematics. 2. We aren’t studying mathematics. 3. Are we studying mathematics?

1. They are baking a cookies in my house. 2. They aren’t baking cookies in my house. 3. Are they baking cookies in my house? 1. You are killing my head. 2. You aren’t killing my head. 3. Are you killing my head? SIMPLE PRESENT. 1. She eats a sandwich 2. She doesn’t eat a sandwich 3. Does she eat a sandwich? 1. I play the piano every days. 2. I don’t play the piano every days. 3. Do I play the piano every day? 1. He lives in Rome. 2. He doesn’t live in Rome. 3. Does he live in Rome ? 1. We have a little dog. 2. We don’t have a little dog. 3. Do we have a little dog ? 1. You comb your hair. 2. You don’t comb your hair. 3. Do you comb your hair ? PRESENT PERFECT. 1. I have beaten my box. 2. I haven’t beaten my box. 3. Have I beaten my box ? 1. He has drunk his milk. 2. He hasn’t drunk his milk. 3. Has he drunk his milk ? 1. They have done their homework.

2. They haven’t done their homework. 3. Have they done their homework ? 1. She has driven this car. 2. She hasn’t driven this car. 3. Has she driven this car ? 1. It has bitten my toy 2. It hasn’t bitten my toy 3. Has it bitten my toy ?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

• Remember the ideas expresses by all continuous form. 1. Activities in progress. I was having a bath when the telephone rang / I have been working since nine o’ clock this morning. 2. Temporary activities. We’re staying with friends until we find our own place to live. / we have been living with them for 6 months. 3. Possibly incomplete activity. I’m writing a report. I have to finish it by tomorrow. / who has been eating my sandwich ? AFF RMATIVE. I + auxiliary + been + verb in + complement. Has / have ing I have been in love with you since three years ago.

NEGATIVE. + auxiliary + been + verb in + complement. Has / have ing In negative They hasn’t been sleeping for six hours in the hospital. INTERROGATIVE. Auxiliary + + been + verb in + complement. Have / has ing

Has he been bleeding all night?

VERB TO BE IN PAST. AFF RMATIVE I + verb tobe + Complement. Was, were I was in my classroom when happened this accident NEGATIVE. + verb to be + Complement. Was, were in Negative. She was the queen of my generation.

INTERROGATIVE. Verb to be + + Complement + ? Was it a terrible experience ?

SIMPLE PAST AFF RMATIVE I + verb in + Complement. Past form They ate pizza in their department. NEGATIVE. + auxiliary + verb in + complement. Didn’t simple form I didn’t mix the food. INTERROGATIVE. Auxiliary + + verb in + complement ? Did simple form Did you draw this picture ?

PAST CONTINUOS AFF RMATIVE I + verb to be + verb in + complement in past ing It was burning in my room NEGATIVE + verb to be + verb in + complement. In past in ing Negative You weren’t drinking this party INTERROGATIVE Verb to be + + verb in ing + complement + ? Were we dancing in these tables? EXCERCISES.

1. Write if is simple present or present perfect. a) She is an important scientist. SIMPLE PRESENT. b) Have you seen the historical ruins? PRESENT PERFECT. c) I work for a big company. SIMPLE PRESENT. d) We have read the report. It is interesting. PRESENT PERFECT.

e) The kitchen is dirty. SIMPLE PRESENT. f) The dinner is delicious. SIMPLE PRESENT. g) It is fantastic movie. SIMPLE PRESENT. h) We have a good dentist. SIMPLE PRESENT. 2. Read the text about Ken and his wife, then make questions and

dower them, like this: What / Ken / do ? What does Ken do ? He is a businessman. Read and write. Ken Harper is a businessman. He is 37 years old. He works in downtown San Francisco at the Hiteach Corporation. Headquarters on the thirty fourth floor of Transamerica building. He and his wife, Diane, usually get up at seven o’clock in the morning. Ken has toast, an egg, yogurt and coffee for breakfast. Then he takes “Bart” (the subway) to work. He usually gets home from work at seven 0’clock in the evening. Then he watches the new in TV. Ken and Diane usually entertain friends on weekends.

1. Where / live ? 2. Where / work ? 3. What wife’s / name ? 4. When / get-up ? 5. What / have for breakfast ? 6. What / in the evening ?

a) Where does he live ? He lives on the center of San Francisco. b) Where does he work ? He works in San Francisco c) What’s wife’s Ken name? Her name’s Diane d) When does he get-up ? He gets-up al seven o’clock

e) What does he have for breakfast? He has eggs, toast, yogurt and coffee.

f) What does he do in the evening ? He watches the news on TV. 3. Put the following words, phrases and punctuations marks in order,

making correct questions and sentences. Use the capital letters when necessary.

a) to the factory / on Monday / you / or / Tuesday / can go. You can go to the factory on Monday or Tuesday. b) today / ? /how / feeling / are / you. How are you feeling today? c) you / I / the airport / at / or the hotel / can meet. I can meet you at the airport or the hotel. d) travel / we / to Newton / by train / can / or bus. We can travel to Newton by train or bus. e) tell me / how to / the post office / to / ? / got / can you. Can you tell me how to got the post office ?

4. Complete the conversations. Then compare with a partner and practice them.

A= Can you tell me a little about yourself ? Where did you grow up ? B= Well, I grow up in Ontario, Canada. A= Oh ? Did you go to college in Toronto ? B= No I didn’t I went to college on Ottawa. B= Where did you go to high school ? A= I went to high school in San Diego, California. B= And did you study French in this college ? A= No I didn’t I studied Spanish and Portuguese. A= Where were you born? B= I was born in Madrid.

5. Write five questions to ask your classmates. Use past tense, then

take turns asking the questions you wrote. Where were you born? I WAS BORN IN MEXICO CITY. Did you study to high school in Mexico city ? YES I DID, I STUDIED THE HIGH SCHOOL IN JESUS MOSTACHE. Did you work in summer holydays ? YES I DID. Where did you work in the summer holydays ? I WORKED IN MACDONAL’S . Did you go at the timbiriche’s concert ? YES I DID. How was the concert ? THE CONCERT WAS VERY FUNNY, THEY SANG ALL THEIR SONGS AND GAVE US CD’S AND T-SHIRTS. 6. Complete the conversations by writing do, does, am, is or are in the

blanks. Nat: I’m thirsty. What are you drinking? Ser: I am drinking ice tea. Do you want some? Nat: Thanks. Ummmm… It is good. Chris: How often does Tony visit you? Mark: Once or twice a week. He is looking for a new job. He and Jule are going to get married in a few months. Chris: That is wonderful I am happy for them. Monse: I am very happy, because my sister will travel very soon. Sam: It is good. Where does she go? Monse: that she’s going to Spain, and after France. Sam: Will she travel to Portugal ? Monse: No, she won’t, because she haven’t time. Sam: Do you want to go with her? Monse: No, because I am happy that I am going to be alone in my house.

7. Write the correct form in the blanks using simple past or past

continuous. In October 1988, as thousands of gray whales (1. swim) were swimming south four the winter, the weather near Alaska suddenly (2. get) got very cold. The ocean froze and trapped three young whales miles from open water. Roy Ahmasgak (3. see) saw the whales as he (4. return) returned home on his snowmobile. He called at TV station and soon everyone knew about the animals. For almost two weeks people tried to help the whales, while they (5. work) were working to cut holes named the whales Bonnet, Cossbeak and Bone. While the rescue workers (7. rest) were resting from they hard work, they often (8. play) played with, the whales and petted them. When one of the whales from they hard work, they often (8. play) were playing with the whales and petted them. When one of the whales died, they felt terrible. Finally, a huge soviet ship pushed through the ice and opened a way through the ice while the whales (9. leave) left workers (10. shout) were shouting happily. Bonnet and Crossbeak were safe at last!. 8. Put the words and phrases in order to make correct sentences. 1. In Hong Kong /. / Yesterday / I was. I was in Honk Kong yesterday. 2. The man / Does / in / his / briefcase /? / have a lighter. Does the man have a lighter in his briefcase? 3. Do / ? /at your / office / you / have / ant microcomputers. Do you have any microcomputers at your office? 4. /. / Doesn’t / has / , / but / Julie / some oranges / any peach. Julie doesn’t has any peach, but she has some oranges. 5. You / do / phone /? / Jean’s / have/ number. Do you have Jean’s phone number?

6. some / keys / one / bag / . / has / her / in. She has some keys in her bag. 9. Complete the sentences. Use a logical verb in the present progressive

tense. a) Don’t forget your umbrella. It’s raining. b) It’s summer. The sun is shining and the sky is blue. c) Tomorrow is final exam day. The student are studying. d) Her birthday party is next Friday. All gets are making. e) It’s a sunny day. Judy and Raul are walking at the beach.

FUTURE FORMS. English has several forms that can refer to the future. Three of these are: • will • going to • present continuous The speaker choose a future form depending on when the decision was talken, and now the speaker sees the future event.

WILL, GOING TO PREDICTIONS.

Will for a prediction can be based more on an opinion than a fact. (realidad – hecho). Example: I think Laura will do very well in her exams. She works hard. I am convinced that inflation will for to 3 porcent next year. Going to – Can also express a prediction especially when it is based on a present fact. There is evidence now that something is certain to happen. Yessica is going to have a baby. (we can see she’s pregnant). It isn’t going to rain today. (look at that blue sky and the sun is shinning)

• Sometimes there is no difference between will and going to. Will ruin This the country with its stupid economic polices. Is going to Ruin.

WILL OR GOING TO (DECISIONS AND INTENTIONS)

Will is also used as a modal auxiliary verb to express a decision, intention or offer made at the moment of speaking. EXAMPLE: I’ll have the steak, please I’ll see you tomorrow. Bye! Give me a ring sometime. Well will go out a drink if you want. Going to is used to express a future plan, decision or intention made before the moment of speaking. EXAMPLE: When I grow up. I’m going to be a doctor. Jane and Peter are going to get married after they have graduated. We are going to paint this room blue.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (ARRAGEMENTS)

The present continuous can be used to express a future arrangements between people. It usually refers to the near future. EXAMPLE: We are going out to Jeremy tonight. I am having my hair cut tomorrow. What are having for lunch ?. Think of the things you might put your diary to remind you of what you are doing over the next few days and weeks. These are the kinds of events that are often expressed by the present continuous for the future.

The verbs express some kind of activity or movement. Example. I am meeting Peter tonight. The Taylors are coming for dinner. We are catching the 10:00 train. I’m seeing the doctor in the morning. We are going to a party on Saturday night. STRUCTURES. WILL AFF RMATIVE. I

I

+ auxiliary + Verb in + complement + time expression. Will simple form I will help you NEGATIVE. + auxiliary + verb in + complement + time expression. Won’t simple form Mario won’t learn mathematics in his all life. INTERROGATIVE. Auxiliary + + verb in + complement + time expression + ? Will simple form Will Lucas bake a cookies tomorrow morning ? GOING TO AFF RMATIVE. + verb to be + auxiliary + complement + time expression Going to I am going to go the party the next Monday.

NEGATIVE. + verb to be + auxiliary + complement + time expression In negative going to She isn’t going to travel to Portugal the next month INTERROGATIVE. Verb to be + + auxiliary + complement + time expression + ? Are they going to speak with the president tomorrow ? PRESENT CONTINUOS Affirmative. + verb to be + verb in + complement + time expression Ing form She is cooking a cake on the kitchen at the night Negative. + verb to be + verb in + complement + time expression In negative ing form They aren’t studying English in my house tomorrow afternoon. Interrogative. Verb to be + + verb in + complement + time expression + ? Am I working at the Macdonald’s the next month ? 1. complete the dialogues using a form of will or going to, and any other necessary words, sometimes both future forms are possible.

• I have got a headache. Have you got any aspirins? Yes, it’s in the

bathroom. I am going to give it for you. • Don’t forget to tell me if I can help you. Thank you I will makes a ring

if think of any thing. • Why are you making sandwiches ? Because we are going to have a

picnic on the beach. What a lovely idea! I am going to / will bring the towels and swimming costumes.

• I am going now! Bye!. Bye! What time are you going to come back tonight? I don’t know. I will phone you later.

• Can you repair my watch, please? Certainly. How much is it going to cost?. I charge twenty dollars on hour. That’s fine. When is it going to be ready? Friday morning. Lovely.

2. Complete the conversation with verbs in the present continuous. Use each of the verbs in the box “only”. Read the dialogue to the end, before you start.

Invited stay come have make get book give travel deliver. Sssh! Can you keep a secret? A: Can you keep a secret? B: Yes of course. What it is? A: I am making a surprise party for Rosa, next Saturday. It’s her thirtieth birthday. B: A Surprise party!. That will be difficult to arrangement without her knowing. Who are you inviting ? A: Everybody. All our friends, her friends from the work, all her family and her two aunts from Scotland. They are staying over night in that small hotel at the end of our road. B: What about the food and drink? Where are you giving that from ? A: It’s all arrangement. Marcello’s restaurant is having all kinds of foods and drink on Saturday afternoon and, their chef is delivering even are making a special birthday cake with pink icing and sugar flower. B: Excellent! And what are you getting Rosa for her birthday? Have oyu got her a good present? A: oh yes! I am booking a very special holiday.

POSESIVE PRONOUNS

I MY YOU YOUR HE HIS SHE HER IT ITS WE OUR YOU YOUR THEY THEIR

CONNECTORS (Although, because).

1. Our neighbors want to move. Their apartment is too small. Our neighbors want to move because their apartment is too small. 2. They are thinking about buying a house. They have two small

children. They are thinking about buy a home because they have two small children. They are thinking about to buy a house although their apartment is beautiful. 3. I loved to school. I hated to study. I loved the school although I hated to study,

Join these pairs of sentences a sing although and because. 1. We missed our train. We were five minutes late. We missed our train because we were five minutes late. 2. It was a terrible accident. No body died. It was a terrible accident although no body died. 3. I know they will be happy in the suburbs. I missed them. I know they will be happy in the suburbs although I missed them. 4. I had to clean the house for the party. I didn’t go to work today. I had to clean the house for the party although, because I didn’t go to work today.

COUNTRIES / NATONALITIES. Mexico – Mexican. The USA – American. Canada – Canadian. Cuba – Cubain. Korea – Korean. Yugoslavia – Yusgoslavian. Germany – Germanian. Japan – Japanese. China – Chinese. India – Indian. Mongolia – Mogolian. South Africa – African south. Peru – Peruvian Spanish – Spain. Swden – Swedish.

Switzerland – Swiss. Portugal – Portugese. Italy – Italian. France - French. Greece – Greek Holland – Dutch Thailand – Thai. Venezuela – Venezuelan. Colombia – Colombian. Denmark – Danish, Australia – Autralian. Ireland – Irish. Argentina – Argentinean Scotland – shish.

Homework. Write de correct words in the boxes joining it about its end.

IRREGULAR ESE ISH AN. Swiss Japanese Spanish Mexican. French Chinese Swedish American Greek Portuguese Danish Canadian Dutch Cuban Irish Korean Scott Yugoslavia Thai Germanian Italian Mongolian African Peruvian Indian Venezuelan Colombian Australian Argentinean

CONECTORS. CONJUNCIONES

ESPAÑOL INGLES PRONUNCIACIÓN

Pero But Bat Como As Es Así So So Con todo Yet Yet No sea que Unless, lest Anles, lest Ni Nor, neither Nor, nider O Or, either Or, ider A menos que Tough, although Dou, oldo Tan bueno como As well as As velas Con tal que Provided Pruvaided Que Than Den Y And End Entoces And then End den.

Put the right conjution to join the next sentences.

1. I am not going to sweep the floor. I am too tired. BECAUSE. 2. Peter / Rita went for a walk in the rain. AND. 3. My mother washes the clothes. The boys dirty them again. BECAUSE. 4. Would you like fish / chicken for lunch? OR. 5. I like buy book. I am to lazy o read them. BUT.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.

Myself Yourself Himself Herself Our self / our selves Yourselves Themselves. 1. Complete this conversation using reflexive pronoun: Myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves / our self, yourselves, themselves. A: Is your husband here or did you come by yourself? B: I came by myself George stayed home with the kids. They are too young to stay by themselves. A: You and George ought to get yourself a good baby . sitter. All parents need to get out by themselves every one in a while. B: You are right, but we prefer to take care of the children our self.

COMPARTIVES AND SUPERLATIVES.

Rules:

You have to use “more” with long adjectives (2 or more syllables)

You have to user –er at the end short adjectives (1 or 2 syllables)

You have to use the word “than” after the adjective to do the comparative.

ADJETIVE COMPARATIVE Tall Taller Big Bigger Large Larger Good Better Small Smaller Comfortable More comfortable Heavy Heavier Private More private Famous More famous Expensive More expensive Bad Worse Relaxing More relaxing Beautiful More beautiful Popular More popular Nice Nicer Thin Thiner Attractive More attractive.

COMPARTATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES’ BOX.

ADJETIVES COMPARATIVES SUPERLATIVES ONE SYLLABLE

Old Safe Big Hot

Older Safer Bigger hotter

The oldest The safest The bigger The hottest

ADJETIVES ENDING –Y

Noisy Dirty

Noisier Dirtier

The noisiest The dirtiest

ADJETIVES WITH MORE SYBALLES

Boring Beautiful Expensive

More boring More beautiful More expensive

The most boring The most beautiful The most expensive

ADJETIVES IRREGULAR

Good Bad

Better Worse

The best The wrong

COMPARATIVES. 1. My dog is funnier than Alina’s dog. 2. Javier’s car is bigger that mine. 3. Daniel’s joke is more interesting than Charlie’s 4. My t-shirt is shorter that yours. 5. Lila’s car is more expensive than mom’s. 6. My English exam is better than Ivan. 7. Tom’s house is more beautiful than Jerry’s. 8. You stereo is noisier than mine. 9. Antonio is stronger than Raúl. 10. You are more important than her.

SUPERLATIVES. 1. My English is worst of the classroom. 2. My little monster is more horrible in the world. 3. Patty’s pen is smallest of the office. 4. The Nile river is the longest river in the world. 5. Lord of the rings is the best movie that I saw in the last year. 6. My cellular phone is most expensive in the market. 7. Spankye is craziest dos in the world. 8. Raúl is tallest in the classroom. 9. I am the youngest boy in my friends group. 10. My mistake biggest was disappoint you.

A) In the city the life is easier than a country. B) The country is stronger than city. C) The city is more beautiful than country. D) The city is happier than country. E) The country is Crowder than city.

COUNTABLES AN UNCAOUNTABLES NOUN.

MANY: muchos o mucho. MUCH: mucho. SOME: alguno o algo/ alguno, algún. A LOT OF: Una gran cantidad de… / en demasiada. A FEW: Poco FEW: algunos ANY: Algún, Alguna / ningún, ninguna. COUNTABLES NOUNS! Tomato – tomatoes Potato – potatoes. Red pepper – red peppers Onion – uniones. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS!. Race, a bag of rice. Flour, a bag of flour. Black pepper, a can of pepper. Milk, a gallon of milk. QUANTITIES! A bag of rice. 20 kilos of rice. A dozen of eggs. A quart / gallon of milk. A box of cookies. Are there some chewing gum? Yes there is some chewing gum, but there aren’t many.

Are there some tomatoes? No, there aren’t any, but there are some mushrooms. Is there any rice? Yes, there is some but there isn’t much. TOO MUCH, TOO MANY.

1. We have been on the beach for many hours. 2. There are much people here. 3. We have had much sun. 4. There are too much loud radios. I have a headache.

CONVERSATION. Ale: Can I help you? Sam: Yes, please. I’d like a five bottles of coca cola. Ale: Here you are. Any thing else? Sam: yes, I want a pizza, one cake, ice cream and three cigarettes. How much is that? Ale: that’s fifty seven dollars. Sam: OK here you are. Ale: one moment please. Thank you. Sam: bye.

FOR AND SINCE.

For: it express a point in time. (por) Since: it expresses a period of time. (desde) Complete with for or since. British Composer. Andrew Lloyd Webber has been writing successful musicals for twenty years. His biggest money marker, “cats”, has been playing in several of the world’s largest cities since 1981, and has been selling out in New York since more than six years. The box office has been keeping special hours for tickets went on safe for Lloyd Webber latest hit, phantom of opera. Theatergoers have been standing in line for hours to see these spectacular productions.

MAKE OR DO.

MAKE: it used about the physical things, you can touch it. DO: it used about the abstract things, you can’t touch it. Complete the sentences using one of the expressions in the box below. A phone call, nothing, a noise, a complaint, my best.

1. Is there a public call box near here? I have to make a phone call. 2. My teacher says I must work harder, but I can’t work any harder, I am

doing my best. 3. We asked to see the manager we did a complaint about the terrible

service in the restaurant. 4. Shh! You mustn’t make a noise the baby is asleep. 5. When you are not sure what to do, the best thing is to do nothing. EXERCISCE OF VOCABULARY.

1. The words given are games of the Olympics sports, defined in the next sentences filling the blanks with the appropriate words.

G Z M O L K H R S A H Y N T W A O T H T B L M A E X C U O H I A T N L O K P O L C W S S A T E R T E Y Y T K Y S Y L I T C A F A E T T N N I L C E R S T A I G C I H N U T I B C C S N T C O E N T A U S G I I U R T X W L V T N N A E R I Z T L N G G W L M A O S U W R E S T L I N G T R Q Z L B O X I N G

A) The name and sports of athletes. Athletics B) To fight with the hands tightly closed. Boxing

C) To ride on two, wheeled vehide. Cycling D) Physical exercises performed in doors. Gymnastics E) To fight with swords, usually as a ball into elevated net.

Fencing. F) A game in which players try to throw a ball into on elevated

net. Basketball. G) To fight to hand to hand against person trying to throw him to

the ground. Wrestling. H) To fire a gun at a target. Shooting. I) To navigate in small sail boat. Yachting. J) A game played with curved sticks on ice or grass. The players

try to get a small disc called a puck into the goal of other team. Hockey.

2. Write the correct word on the line. Attractive, deep, light, neighborhood, eno mous, heavy, neighbor, perfect, prices, wide. r

1. Chirs tine didn’t make any mistakes an the test, her work was perfect.

2. I can’t touch the bottom of pool. It is really deep . 3. Janet is really beautiful, her sister is attractive too. 4. I don’t like to live in the move this box. It is very heavy. 5. Bill’s car is really big. In fact it is enormous. 6. Bill can’t park his new car in that narrow garage. The car us too wide 7. It is nice to shop at William’s department store. It has very low prices. 3. Put a check ( ) before the correct answer. 1. The Cheshire family loves… ( ) cats ( ) Dogs. 2. Leo Cheshire is Tiger’s ( ) Father ( ) Uncle. 3. Felicia is kitty’s ( ) Aunt ( ) Mother. 4. Kitty is Tiger’s ( ) Cousin ( ) sister. 5. Tiger’s eyes are ( ) Blue ( ) Brown. 6. Kitty and Einstein have ( ) Dark hair ( ) Curly hair. 7. Gus is ( ) Strong ( ) Elegant. 8. Leo is ( ) Tall ( ) Short. 9. Felicias’s hair is ( ) blond ( ) black. 10. The Cheshire look like ( ) each other ( ) their cats. 4. Write these words in the boxes and use ( * ) to mark the stressed

syballes. 1. *Ancient – Antiguo 6. *Jungle - Jungla 2. Sur*vive – Sobrevivir 7. *Weapon - arma 3. Pre*serve – Mantener 8. Des*troy - Destrozar 4. *Hostile – Hostil 9. Net*work - Red 5. *Thriller – Suspenso 10. Re*main – Permanecer

*ANCIENT

SUR*VIVE

PRE*SERVE

*HOSTILE

*THRILLER

*JUNGLE

*WEAPON

DES*TROY

*NETWORK

RE*MAIN

ADVERS OF FRECUENCY.

1. We often use adverbs of frecuency with the present simple. O% 50% 100 %

Never rarely no often sometimes often usually always

2. They go before the main verb, but after the verb to be. I usually go to the bed at 11:00. I don’t often go swimming. She never eats meal. I rarely see Peter these days. He is never late for school. I’m usually in a hurry in the morning. 3. Sometimes and usually can be also come at the beginning or the end. Sometimes we play cards. We play cards sometimes Usually I go to shopping with friends. I go shopping with my friends usually. Homework. Write three sentences with the adverbs of frecuency.

1. I never arrive late at the school. She never dances with her boyfriend. We never do the homework. 2. I rarely drink alcohol. I rarely smoke in the parties. She rarely comes at the school. 3. He often comes to the classes. You often play tennis. I often do my homework. 4. I usually eat at the 3:00 pm. We usually go to the pool. She usually studies English.

5. I always take a shower. You always come to my home. It always sleeps in my bed. 6. Sometimes I run in the park. She feeds her baby sometimes. Sometime he cooks a cake. 7. They go to lay football usually. Usually we do the news paper. Usually she draws pictures.

MODALS TO EXPRESS OBLIGATIONS.

1. - Must express a strong obligation with a personals feelings (tips). All visitors report to reception. You mustn’t steal things! It’s naughty. 2. - Have to express a general obligation based on a law or rule. Nurses have to wear uniform. Malcolm has to drive thousand miles a week in this job. 3. - Sometimes, must and have are similar. I must go with her I have to go with her. Sometimes there is a difference. Must is a personal. When w expresses our personal feelings, and says what we say what we think is important or necessary. You must work harder (I’m telling you want to do) I must wash my hair. It’s dirty. (I’m telling myself that it’s necessary). 4. Have to is impersonal. It expresses a general obligation based on what another person tell us to do. We have to wear a stupid uniform (it is school rule) 5. Can, can’t expresses something that you can’t do because there is a thing that prevent you, but the rule is evaded.

We can’t smoke here.

Rocio can’t go to the party. (She is sick). 6. Be allowed expresses a permission of a higher. We aren’t allowed to buy what we want. Exercises. Think of same things that you can and can’t do in the following places. 1. A church. You have to be quiet. You must sing with us You don’t have to talk. 2. A museum. You can’t take pictures You must talk slow. You don’t have to run. 3. A park. You must care for the trees. You have to gather your rubbish. You can’t walk on the green areas. 4. In jail for young people. You mustn’t go with any clothes. You aren’t allowed go with jewellery. You can’t talk with the prisoners in private. 5. A swimming pool. You have to wear slippers. You mustn’t eat in the pool. You can’t run.

HAD AND WOULD.

Would- expresses a offer + auxiliary + Complement, Would

I would like a cup of tea I told you, he would a cake. Had- expresses something what I had to do.

+ auxiliary + verb in + Complement Would past participle. I knew, I had seen him before. I was tires because I had been up since six.

EL ADJETIVO.

Uso de los adjetivos. 1. El adjetivo no cambia de forma en función al nombre que califica.

- Héctor es joven - El hombre viejo. - La casa bonita. - An old man. - A red notebook - The pretty girl.

2. La mayoría de los adjetivos puede colocarse en 3 posiciones

diferentes: Delante de los nombres: green onions. Detrás de los verbos: He looked very angry. Al comienzo de la frase, Las frases adjetivas siguen al nombre

que describe pero cuando describen al sujeto pueden ir colocados al comienzo o al final de la frase.

France is a country famous for its food. Weary after their long day, the children were soon a sleep

Algunos adjetivos solo aparecen delante del nombre This is the man thing that. I want to say to you

3. Otros como well, ill, fond of, y muchos que comienzan como a wake, afraid, ashamed, nunca van delante del nombre.

I’m sorry. Peter’s been ill. I’m very fond of here. 4. Algunos adjetivos pueden ir detrás de “the” en forma de nombres

referidos a grupos de personas. Estos adjetivos llevan el nombre del plural.

The old man need deserve all our help and assistance. 5. Esta construcción no es posible en singular, en este caso deben

acompañarse siempre al nombre. A blind man. A poor person. 1. Exercises. Find the adjectives and the noun in each sentence, write them in the boxes. 1. She is an important scientist. 2. Have you seen the historical ruins? 3. I work for a big company. 4. We’ve read the report. It’s interesting. 5. The kitchen is dirty. 6. The dinner is delicious. 7. It’s a fantastic movie, 8. We have a good dentist.

ADJETIVE NOUN Important Scientist Historical Ruins Big Company Interesting Report Dirty Kitchen Delicious Dinner Fantastic Movie Good Dentist.

2. Match the verb with the correct phrase by choosing “a” or “b”

1. do a- chess b- exercises. Do a exercises. 2. Take a- pictures b- Italian food. Take a pictures.

3. Go a- jogging b- tennis. Go jogging. 4. Bake a- soup b- cookies. Bake a soup. 5. Play a- tennis b- dancing. Play tennis. 6. Watch a- a book b- television. Watch television

IIN, ON , AT (prepositions.)

FOR TIME. 1. We use at for times and certain expressions. At lunch time. At midnight. At 8:00. At weekend. At Christmas. At the same time. At the moment. At the age of nine. 2. We use on for days and dates. On Friday. On September 10 th. On Friday morning. On Saturday evening. 3. We use in longer periods such a months, years and second. In April In 1975 In summer In the nineteenth century FOR PLACES. 1. In is used to express a position inside a place. He works in an office in London. He lives in the south of England He eats in a restaurant. There are lost of shop in the airport.

2. At is use to express a location at the point. Lucinda‘s at home Justin’s at Ben’s house. I’ll see you at the cinema at 8:00. I met him at the bus – stop. 3. On us used to talk about position an surface. Your dinner is on the table. Don’t sit on the floor. Exercises. Put in, on, at, or nothing into each gap. a) It’s my birthday at next week. When? On Monday In what time were you born? At 8:00 in the morning. b) I’m meeting Alan at this evening. What time? At the six. c) What did you do in the weekend? At the Friday evening. We went to a

party. We slept in late. At Saturday morning, and them at the afternoon we went shopping. At 7:00 some friends.

d) I met my husband in Italy. He was in a buying pasta. I was on a queue,

waiting to buy some bread.

e) Last night I was at the kitchen, when I lost my glasses. I looked on all shelves and on all the cupboards. I thought I had put them on one of the drawers, but they weren’t there. They certainly weren’t on the table or the at floor. Had I left them at work? Where they in the car? Them I realized. Where they were. Where they in my nose.

f) Where were at 2:00? in the beach in Sonora on work? On a Boat at bath? at home

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE.

In / On (road)- en, dentro de.. In center of – en el centro de…. Next to – despues de / siguiente de …. On the corner of – en la esquina de / dentro de la esquina de… Near – cerca. Opposite – opsotivo de / al contrario de … Behind – detrás de …. Between and – entre…. In front – en frente de ….

Gas station library museum P O Pay phone I restaurant A Macdonals N K FIRTS E STREET S Plaza hotel S T T Bookstore Post office R supermarket R E SECOND E STREET E E T T bank drugstore laundry Asia hotel Parking lot You are here ***** THIRD STREET

Turist office

1. The tourist office. Can you tell me how to get to the tourist office? Yes, you can get to the tourist office if you walk on Third Street one block. Then turn left over Oak Street in the same block, finally you will find in the corner of the oak street. 2. The department store. Can you tell me how to get to the plaza hotel? Yes, you can get if you walk over this street and then turn right over Pine Street then turn right in the second street and the plaza hotel is in the corner. 3. The parking lot. Can you tell me how to get to the pay phone? You must go ahead until you see the oak street, there you must turn right, you must walk and the pay phone is in the corner of Oak Street and First Street. 4. McDonald’s Can you tell me how to get to the McDonald’s? Yes, you get to the MacDonald’s if you walk over this street, and then turn right over Oak Street, you must walk until the first street, then turn left over first street and the MacDonald’s is in the corner. 5. The laundry. Can you tell me how to get to the laundry? Yes, you get if you go ahead three blocks over this street. 6. The gas station. Can you tell me how to get to the gas station? Yes of course, you get if you walk one block over Third Street and then turn right over pine street, and go ahead three blocks.

V B TRAIN A R STATION L I L T MAIN E STREET Y S R T O R A BUS E D STATION E T OAK STREET ROBBIN HOOD PARKING LOT

You are having a conference at Robbin Hood Inn. Complete the instruccions so that people can find the hotel. 1. To get there by train: Turn left when you come out of the station, then turn right over the main street and go ahead and when we been at main street turn right and go ahead and when we been at the main street and valley road corner turn right and go ahead, finally turn left over oak street and then turn right and we are in the hotel 2. By bus: Turn left when you go out of the bus station then turn left in

the corner over oak street and go ahead, finally turn right on first street.

3. By car: Turn right when you come out of parking lot then turn left over oak street and go ahead until the first street and turn left.

GRAMMAR. (COMPOSITIONS).

TRULY, MADDLY, DEEPLY.

I’ll be your dream, I’ll be your wish, I’ll be your fantasy I’ll be your hope, I’ll be your love Be everything that you need I’ll love you more with every breath Truly, madly, deeply do I will be strong I will be faithful Because I’m counting on A new beginning a reason for living A deeper meaning I want to stand with you on the a mountain I want to bathe with you in the sea I want to lay like this forever Until the sky falls down on me. And when the stars are shining brightly in the Velvet sky, I’ll make a wish to send it to heaven Then make you want to cry, The tears of joy for all the comfort and protection of The highest powers in lonely hours, the tears devour you. I want to stand with you on the a mountain

I want to bathe with you in the sea I want to lay like this forever Until the sky falls down on me. Oh can you see it baby? You don’t have to close your eyes ‘cause it’s standing right here before you all thet you need will surely come I’ll be your dream, I’ll be your wish, I’ll be your fantasy I’ll be your hope, I’ll be your love Be everything that you need I’ll love you more with every breath Truly, madly, deeply do I want to stand with you on the a mountain I want to bathe with you in the sea I want to lay like this forever Until the sky falls down on me.

MY FAVORITE MUSIC.

I like pop music (like Britney Spears, Backstreet boys, Nsync, Christina Aguilera) R & B music (like destiny’s child, Jennifer López, Justin Timberlake), ballad (like savage garden, Darren Hayes, Shawian Twin, Enrique Iglesias, Jennifer Love) and the kind of music with Latin’s rhythm (like shakira). Why do I like this kind of music? Because it is a little blurred and sometimes very slow. I like dance it and sing it. There are songs with identify myself, I cry with it, I laugh with it, etc. Maybe, I hear me very fool, but I feel that there are songs that was write for me, this is the reason because I like this kind of music. I don’t have a favorite artist, well, yes I have, my favorite artist is Selena (who songs como la flor, si una vez) I like Selena because, I think that she was a simple, friendly girl. She had an interesting life, fully of pain, happiness, loneliness, but over anything, she always was with head up, she was a beautiful girl and real artist. I love her! For Other part, I just want to say some of my favorites songs.

1. Born to make you happy. 2. I could fall in love 3. If you had my love 4. Stars 5. When your eyes says it 6. Dreaming of you 7. Without you.

My friends say “you listen pop music, because you are very cool”. I would become famous singer of pop music some day.

THE DOGS

Well, this time I want to talk about the dogs, I love the dogs, because they are tender, nice, and loyals, they aren’t hypocritical like cats, they are kind with their owners. The dogs have duties, they help in many things, for the blinds they guide them in the streets, too they can be police dogs, and the best of their, is that they are a fabulous company, they have feelings, they feels things like ours for example when you cry, the dog are with you like a consolation for your tears. When you arrive at your house, they say you hello and they welcome you like if they didn’t see you in years. If you hit them, in five minutes the dogs move theirs tails in sign of happiness, they don’t keep hate, just wait that you talk them for go with you and play with you, they play your game, don’t play the game that they want while they are with you, nothing matter for them. They go where you go, and forever they’ll be loyals. Well, I’ve a dog, he’s very nice, his name is Spankye, and he’s an english cooker and he’s four years old. I love him, because always we are together. I play with him, we fight, and with his little bear, he bites it, and runs with it like a crazy dog. Finally, I love the dogs ‘cause they are a good friends and nice company.

SAN VALENTINE DAY

Much people celebrate that day, but for me, I don’t like it, because it depress me very much, but I make me happy to see the people, giving them a gifts, tell them “I love you”, I like to see how the embrace them etc. For me the illusion died a long time ago because I had some problems with my friends, they hurted me and made that my life fell down, and it a thing that I can’t recover, because until today it still hurt me. But my composition is about San Valentine day, not about my life, I’m sorry. Well this day is very special for everybody. We all can feel the emotion to say at your friends “I love you”, or your girlfriend or boyfriend “I can’t live without you baby”. In this day the postcard, roses and chocolates are the first and essential for give. There ‘re people that begin to be girlfriends or boyfriends, and in this date you know the real friends. The songs that transmit on the radio talk about the love and friendship, pass songs that it makes you remember old times, in this day you can love more, but that over and all back like forever. The people have a laugh in their face, they go to dinner at night, with the hope that this night will be unforgettable and full of passion. But you must show the love to your friends, parents or you relationship the 365 days of year, ‘cause you won’t know if the next San Valentine day, keep to your friends, family or you boyfriend. So love them everyday, don’t wait the San Valentine day.

BRITNEY BROKES JUSTIN In the last concert of the princess of pop, she did the commentary, that in her heart there was more space, but we didn’t know the reason about her commentary. But until today we knew a big notice, that Britney Spears and the member of Nsync, Justin Timberlake, broke their relationship. Nobody know the reason of the separation, anybody want to talk about the relationship, but there are people, close friends, to the singers, that say that the performance of “I am salve for you” was unfaithful with her choreographer Wade Robson. The only thing that we know is that Justin lefts more hurt, inclusive is his next album, he wrote a song for Britney, on it, he claim her, why did she leave him? And in the future, she’ll cry him; the songs calls “cry me a river” Justin said that his pain, and sadness, it reflects in his album, called “Justified”, that it’ll come the next November 16th, same day in that they going to celebrate 4 years of their relationship ¿coincidence? ROLLIN STONE’S MAGAZINE

NEW YORK

New York City is one of the largest cities in the United States Of America. Many people come to live in this city. You can find Europeans, Latin’s American and people from the southern part of Unites States. You will also find that this city is the most important place for culture and business in the world. There are many skyscrapers which are used as offices for international companies. Some very important art galleries and museums are in New York today. New York city is divided in five areas. Bronx, Queens, Manhattan, Staten Island and Brooklyn. There is a large, beautiful park in New York, Central Park; It is in the area of Manhattan. People say that New York is the capital of the free world, and the statue of Liberty is the symbol of this beautiful city. We have visited New York! Learn English with Pippin.

A PENGUIN JOKE!

One day a man and his wife were walking down the street when they came across a penguin. “Oh!” exclaim the man. !what a surprise” “what shall we do with it?” “I know”, said his wife “we will ask a policeman” So they found a policeman and explained what have happened! Mmm! Said the policeman “I think the best thing is to take it to zoo”. “What a good idea!” said the woman “well go straight away”. The nest morning the policeman was walking down the same street. When he saw the couple again with the penguin. “I thought I told you to take that penguin to the zoo” the policeman said. “Well, we did” said the man. “We took it to the zoo and we all had a really good time. So this afternoon we are taking it to the cinema, and this evening we are going to have a meal in a fish restaurant”

ENGLISH’ index.

LIST OF TOPICS.

INTRODUCTION ALPHABET NUMBERS VERB TO BE AUXILIRY VERBS SIMPLE PRESENT

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS VERB TO BE IN PAST SIMPLE PAST PAST CONTINUOUS FUTURE FORMS WILL, GOING TO PRESENT CONTINUOUS (ARRAGEMENTS) POSESIVE PRONOUNS CONECTORS COUNTRIES / NATIONALITIES CONJUNTIONS REFLEXI PRONOUNS COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE FOR AND SINCE MAKE OR DO ADVERBS OF FRECUENCY MODALS TO EXPRESS OBLIGATIONS HAD AND WOULD THE ADJETIVE IN, ON, AT (PREPOSITIONS PLACE AND TIME) PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE VERBS

2006 by Frank R. Paya BYU-Student fkpaya@aol.com