ENGLISH FOR LAW STUDENTS Contracts/legal terms and concepts Structure of a commercial contract 23...
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Transcript of ENGLISH FOR LAW STUDENTS Contracts/legal terms and concepts Structure of a commercial contract 23...
![Page 1: ENGLISH FOR LAW STUDENTS Contracts/legal terms and concepts Structure of a commercial contract 23 January 2013 By Helen Michelle Jørgensen.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649daa5503460f94a978bd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ENGLISH FOR LAW STUDENTS
Contracts/legal terms and conceptsStructure of a commercial contract
23 January 2013By Helen Michelle Jørgensen
![Page 2: ENGLISH FOR LAW STUDENTS Contracts/legal terms and concepts Structure of a commercial contract 23 January 2013 By Helen Michelle Jørgensen.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649daa5503460f94a978bd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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TRANSFERRING A CONTRACT
What is the difference between:
Assignment Novation
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SIGNING FORMALITIES
Under hand Under seal By a Director By another authorised person By an Attorney-in-Fact
What evidence of authority to look for
How is the document signed
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FORMS OF EXECUTING
What is:
a Deed a Common Seal
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SIGNING FORMALITIES
What is the difference between:
Apostille/Apostillise Notary/Notarise
When are these necessary
Handout: Apostilise/Notarise
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND FOR USE OF CERTAIN LEGAL WORDS
Legal language was Latin, then French, then English
”Law” French was gradually replaced by ”Law” English
Result: acceptance of pairing/doublets
Result: old fashioned terminology
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THREE LANGUAGES COMPETING FOR ATTENTION – SOLUTION:
Legal doublets and triplets Hallmark of legal English Styllistic habit or ‘sounds right’ Needless string of words with the
same or nearly the same meaning
Handout: Legal Doublets and Triplets
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VARIATIONS
• Treaty/convention• Duty/obligation• Right/entitlement• Act/statute• Purchaser/buyer• Seller/vendor• Customer/client
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COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS
Structure of a commercial contract
Handouts: Specimen contracts
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Structure of a typical commercial agreement
Objective - logical sequence – easy to read Index - clause numberings and headings, schedules Parties Recitals - history and background Definitions - terms which are long and repeated
several times - a shorthand ‘label’
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Structure of a typical commercial agreement
Main operative clause - describes the main comnmercial transaction
Consideration/price Conditions Warranties Confidentiality Duration and termination
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Structure of a typical commercial agreement
Miscellaneous clauses/‘Boiler plate’ Schedules Appendices Exhibits Execution blocks