English Colonies in America

Southern Colonies• 1.) Maryland–Lord Baltimore was the 1st proprietor of

the colony• 2.) Virginia• 3.) North Carolina• 4.) South Carolina• 5.) Georgia–Founder: James Oglethrope

Virginia• Virginia Company–Headright System: principal mean of

attracting new settlers was through a system of land grants

• Jamestown–England’s first permanent settlement in

North America–Captain John Smith:• Leader in Jamestown that would keep the

colony together through tough times

Problems in Jamestown• 1.) Jamestown’s population was made up of

townspeople that were unfamiliar with living in the country–Unfamiliar with raising livestock and growing

crops• Many upper-class “gentlemen” refused to do

manual labor• Unstable political system• Sickness, food shortages and lawlessness

Problems in Jamestown• “Tobacco saves the colony”–Tobacco would be the crop they would

use to trade to England for money• House of Burgesses–1st representative government in North

America, but the Virginia Company had to approve any law it passed

North Carolina

• Home to many farmers• Tobacco would become a

major crop grown in N.C. and would become a major export

South Carolina• Viewed as being more valuable than

N.C. because of its soil and location closer to the water (ports)–Ex: Charles Town (Charlestown)

• Many of the earliest cities in colonial North America were located along bodies of water

Georgia Experiment• Initially to help those that were poor

start over• It was also used as a buffer between

the English Carolinas and Spanish owned Florida–St. Augustine was the first permanent

European settlement in North America (1565) set up by the Spanish

Europeans Migrate to the Colonies• Migration from England

–Immigrants were indentured servants•Poor immigrants who paid for

passage to the colonies by agreeing to work for 4 to 7 years

• Prior to 1660 many English left their homeland because of religious and political turmoil, high unemployment and low wages

Southern Economy• Commercial Agriculture (Big Farms)–Cash Crops

–Tobacco became the main cash crop in the south–Rice and Indigo became the major cash

crop in S.C.–Plantations• Large commercial estates where many

laborers lived on the land and cultivated the crops for the landowner

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)• Bacon’s Rebellion–Desire for land by the Backcountry Farmers• 1.) Number of colonists was increasing on a

regular basis so the land was becoming very rare–Available land controlled by Native

Americans• 2.) The Gentry were not interested in causing

problems with the Native Americans • 3.) Nathaniel Bacon would organize his own

militia and attack the Native Americans

Slavery: The Demand for Africans• The first Europeans to explore Africa

were the Portuguese during the 1400s–Initially interested in trading gold but

colonization of the Americas changed their goals

• Mid 1600s, most colonies began to pass laws that supported permanent enslavement of Africans

Slavery: European Advantages of Using Africans• 1.) Africans had been exposed to European

diseases and built up some immunity• 2.) Africans had experience in farming and

could be taught plantation work• 3.) Africans were less likely to escape

because they did not know their way around the land• 4.) Skin color made it easier to catch them

if they escaped and tried to live among others

Slavery in the Southern Colonies• The Middle Passage–The difficult journey slaves endured crossing

the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas• 1.) Chained and crammed into ships for

more than a month• 2.) Prisoners could hardly sit or stand and

were given very little food or drink• 3.) Africans who became sick were thrown

overboard• 4.) Those who refused to eat were whipped

Slavery in the Southern Colonies• Slave Codes –A set of laws that formally regulated

slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people• VIRGINIA SLAVE CODE“All servants imported and brought into the country…who

were not Christians in their native country…shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion…shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master…correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction…the master shall be free of all punishment…as if such accident never happened.”

Exit Slip•Why do you think the slave

trade flourished so long? What impact did the slave trade have on Africa and the Americas?

Remainder of Class:1.) http://purposegames.com/

Click on GamesGame: 13 Original Colonies

•Take out notebook for notes

Middle Colonies

• 1.) New York (Albany)• 2.) Pennsylvania• 3.) New Jersey• 4.) Delaware

Pennsylvania• Pennsylvania–William Penn, Jr. •Wanted to find a place where Quakers could practice their religion without persecution•Capital: Philadelphia

Pennsylvania• Quakers Beliefs:–Believed that everyone had their own “inner light”

from God – There was no need for church or ministers– Even the Bible had less authority than a person’s

inner light–Objected to all political and religious authority,

including forcing people to pay taxes or serve in the military–Believed in Pacifism• Opposition to war or violence as a means to

settle disputes

Economy of Middle Colonies

•Cash Crop: Wheat

•Colonial Review

New England• 1.) Connecticut–Fundamental Orders of Connecticut• Document giving structure and power to the

government in a small New England colony

• 2.) Massachusetts–Founded by the Puritans–Wanted to purify the Anglican church of

Catholic elements • 3.) New Hampshire• 4.)Rhode Island

New England• Plymouth, Massachusetts –Was made up of Pilgrims searching for

religious freedom and to avoid persecution

• Pilgrims–Mayflower Compact•First governing document of the Plymouth Colony

Massachusetts• John Winthrop–“A City Upon A Hill”•It was important for Puritans to be successful in Massachusetts while many other were expecting them to fail

Massachusetts• Government in Massachusetts– Church and State• Government should help the church• Everyone REQUIRED to attend church• Government collected taxes to support the church and

regulate behavior• People that challenged Puritan beliefs were considered a

threat to the community–Ex: Roger Williams»Expelled from the Massachusetts Bay colony

because he supported a separation of church and state»Founded the Colony of Rhode Island

New England• Economy–1.) Small farms•Agriculture was less important than in the

Southern and Middle Colonies • Practiced subsistence farming

–2.) Fishing Industry• Fishing and whaling were major industries

–3.) Shipbuilding and lumbering–4.) Sawmills

New England Society• Puritan Society– Puritans lived close to the church or meetinghouse and

were expected to attend Sunday worship, sermons and religious lectures

– Sermons reinforce the Puritan way of life which included living according to strict rules regulating their daily lives • No card games, dice, dancing or stage plays

• Holy Watching• Puritans also felt a moral responsibility for their

neighbors• Watch over their neighbor’s behavior was elevated to

a religious duty

Traditions of English Government• Magna Carta-English nobles created this document that

limited the power of the king’s ability to tax them and guaranteed due process or the right to a trial

• English Parliament– Bicameral (House of Lords and House of Commons)–Only men with property could vote

A Measure of Self Rule• Colonial gov’ts varied–N.E. est. republic–Elsewhere: Crown appointed

governor (share power w/ colonists)

Glorious Revolution Results in Bill of Rights• Glorious Revolution-overthrow of King James II

replaced with King William and Queen Mary• English Bill of Rights – Guaranteed freedoms and restated rights of the Magna

Carta • Habeas corpus• No standing army

• Glorious Revolution encouraged England to adopt salutary neglect– England allowed it’s colonies local self rule but expected

colonial cooperation with its economic policies and assistance in the empire’s wars against France and Spain

England’s Economic Relationship

• Relationship was driven by financial concerns–Mercantilism: Nations or empires could

build wealth and power by developing it’s industries and exporting manufactured goods in exchange for gold and silver

Great Awakening• Religious revival that promised the grace

of God to all who could experience a desire for it–George Whitefield • aka George Whitfield

–Jonathan Edwards