English class 15

Elementary level

Juan José Simón Pérez

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PRESENT PERFECT

‘I have done’ es el Presente Perfecto.El presente perfecto une el pasado y el

presente.

Puede ser Presente Perfecto Simple o Continuo

I have done / I have been doing

Past Present

PRESENT PERFECTSe utiliza para conectar el pasado con el

presente. Los hechos pasados tienen consecuencias en el presente (y/o en el futuro)

I have lost my mobile phone!

Para hablar de información ‘nueva’

The Prince has spoken with a journalist

Para hablar de acciones pasadas sin decir cuando ocurrieron.

I’ve finished my homework

PRESENT PERFECTEstructura en afirmación:Subject + have / has + past participle…

I have worked here six years.

It has rained a lot this winter.

Estructura en negación:Subject + have / has not + past participle…

I have not (haven’t) read the newspaper.

He hasn’t come to visit us this year.

PRESENT PERFECTEstructura en preguntas:Have / has + Subject + past participle…

Have you seen Mike lately?

Has she told you anything?

Respuestas cortas:Yes, I have / No, I haven’t (etc.)Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t (etc.)

PRESENT PERFECTContracciones:

I have done = I’ve done I haven’t done

You have done = You’ve… You haven’t done

He has done = He’s… He hasn’t done

She has done = She’s… She hasn’t done

It has done = It’s … It hasn’t done

We have done = We’ve… We haven’t done

You have done = You’ve… You haven’t done

They have done = They’ve…They haven’t…

PRESENT PERFECTExercise. Complete the sentences using the

Present Perfect Simple of the verb in brackets.

1. He ___ ___ me the truth. (to tell)

2. I ___ never ____ to America. (to be)

3. We ___ ___ ___ since last month. (not/to work)

4. ___ it ____ in your town recently? (to snow)

5. ___ you ever ____ the Eiffel tower? (see)

6. Mary ___ ___ ___ home. (not/arrived)

7. It ___ ___ a long time since I last saw you! (to be)

PRESENT PERFECTAnswers.

1. He HAS TOLD me the truth.

2. I HAVE never BEEN to America.

3. We HAVE NOT WORKED since last month.

4. HAS it SNOWED in your town recently?

5. HAVE you ever SEEN the Eiffel tower?

6. Mary HAS NOT ARRIVED home.

7. It HAS BEEN a long time since I last saw you!

EVER / NEVEREVER significa ‘alguna vez’. Se utiliza en

preguntas, que pueden ser negativas o afirmativas. Se coloca tras el sujeto.

Have you ever been to Australia?

Haven’t you ever eaten sushi?

NEVER significa ‘nunca’. Nunca se utiliza despues de ‘not’.

No, I’ve never been to Australia.

He’s never gone to the theatre.

Exercise. Make questions in Present Perfect Simple using the words given. Use EVER.

1. Be in London

2. Climb a mountain

3. Go to a big festival

4. Watch a 3D movie in the cinema

5. Meet a celebrity

6. Work at night

Exercise 2. Practice the questions and answers with a partner.

EVER / NEVER

Answers.

1. Have you ever been to London?

2. Have you ever climbed a mountain?

3. Have you ever gone to a big festival?

4. Have you ever watched a 3D movie in the cinema?

5. Have you ever met a celebrity?

6. Have you ever worked at night?

EVER / NEVER

ALREADY, YET, JUSTAlready, yet y just se utilizan casi siempre con el

presente perfecto.

Already: Se usa comunmente en frases afirmativas, significa ‘ya’, expresando que una acción se a realizado antes de lo esperado. Se coloca entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal.

I’ve already finished my homework!

She’s already had two kids.

ALREADY, YET, JUSTYet: Se utiliza en preguntas y negaciones,

siempre al final de la frase. El significado varía según el caso:

1) PREGUNTAS: Significa ‘ya’ o ‘todavía’ Has Paul arrived yet? Haven’t you seen that movie yet?

2) NEGACIONES: Significa ‘aún’ o ‘todavía’ (mas tarde de lo esperado)

I haven’t phoned her yet.

She hasn’t sent the letter yet.

ALREADY, YET, JUSTJust: Se utiliza para hablar de acciones o

situaciones recién ocurridas. Se pone entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal.

-Has Toni called you back yet?

-Yes, he’s just phoned me five minutes ago.

Significa ‘acabar de…’ y cambia la traducción del verbo a infinitivo.

I’ve just lost my wallet = Acabo de perder my cartera.

ALREADY, YET, JUSTExercise. Make sentences using the Present

Perfect Simple and the words given. You might need to change the order.

1. Mike / yet / arrive (-)

2. You / do / yet / your homework (?)

3. I / get / a job / already (+)

4. She / yet / find / her keys (?)

5. We / sell / our old car / just (+)

6. The child / wake up / yet (-)

7. The race / begin / just (+)

8. The boss / rise / just /our salary! (+)

ALREADY, YET, JUSTAnswers.

1. Mike hasn’t arrived yet

2. Have you done your homework yet?

3. I’ve already got a job

4. Has she found her keys yet?

5. We’ve just sold our car

6. The child hasn’t woken up yet

7. The race has just begun

8. The boss has just risen our salary!

Thank you for your attention!