English 9Mr. Rinka - Lesson #31

CapitalizationPoetry Terms

CapitalizationWe must capitalize names of teams, organizations, institutions, business firms, buildings, structures, and government bodies.

Type of Name ExamplesTeams Atlanta Braves / Boston Celtics

Organizations Major League Baseball / United Nations

Institutions Rice University / Central High School

Business Firms Sony Corporation / General Electric

Buildings/Structures

Rialto Theater / Empire State Building

Government Bodies

Senate / Supreme Court / Treasury Department

CapitalizationWe do not capitalize words like university, hotel, theater, or courthouse unless part of a proper name.

Harvard University a famous universityDelux Hotel a hotel downtownOriental Theater a classic old theaterSuffolk County Courthouse a county courthouse

CapitalizationWe must capitalize the names of historical events and periods, holidays, special events, and other calendar items.

Type of Name Examples

Historical Events / Periods

World War II / French Revolution / Atomic Age

Special Events Parents’ Night / Texas State Fair / Super Bowl

Holidays / Calendar Items

Friday / Memorial Day / New Year’s Day

CapitalizationWe must capitalize the names of nationalities, races, and peoples.

Canadian Asian Caucasian Viking

We must capitalize brand names.

Ford Nike Polo Stetson Pepsi

CapitalizationWe must not capitalize names of school subjects except for languages or course names that are followed by a number.

I plan on taking English, algebra, Biology 1, and French poetry.

CapitalizationWe must not capitalize the name of a class level in school.

freshman sophomore junior senior

We must not capitalize seasons of the year.

spring summer autumn winter

CapitalizationWe must capitalize the names of trains, ships, aircraft, spacecraft, planets, awards, monuments, and other specific places, things, or events.

CapitalizationType of Name Example

Ships & Trains Titanic USS Saratoga Orient Express

Aircraft & Spacecraft

Spirit of St. Louis Apollo 13 Voyager 1

Monuments & Memorials

Washington Monument Lincoln Memorial

Awards Purple Heart National Honor Society

Planets & Stars Neptune Ursa Major Little DipperEarth (only when referred to as a planet)

Capitalization

We must capitalize titles.

President Obama Mr. StevensonDr. James Blair Principal JohnsonProfessor Church Reverend Holmes

CapitalizationDo not capitalize titles used alone or following a name.

We saw the principal at the movies.John Kerry is the senator from Massachusetts.I went to see my doctor yesterday.

CapitalizationWe must capitalize titles when used as a direct address.

Can you help me, Doctor?Professor, would you explain that answer?

CapitalizationWe must capitalize words showing family relationship with a name but not with a possessive pronoun.

I went shopping with Mother and Father.I went shopping with my mother and father.My family visited with Uncle John and Aunt Marie.

CapitalizationWe must capitalize all words in titlesexcept:

Articles (the, a, an)Short prepositions (fewer than five letters)Coordinating conjunctions

Romeo and Juliet

CapitalizationType of Name Example

Books For Whom the Bell Tolls To Kill a Mockingbird The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo

Periodicals Sports Illustrated NewsweekField and Stream

Poems “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”“Stopping by Woods, on a Snowy Evening”

Stories “The Gift of the Magi”“The Lady, or the Tiger”

Essays & Speeches

“I Have a Dream”“The Value of Working to Your Full Potential”

CapitalizationType of Name Example

Plays “The Diary of Anne Frank” “Westside Story”

Historical Documents

Declaration of IndependenceMagna Carta

Movies Stand and DeliverDances with Wolves

Radio & TV Programs

Meet the PressAll Things Considered

Works of Art Mona LisaYoung Woman Attended by a Maid

Musical Compositions

“I Want to Hold Your Hand”“The Flight of the Bumblebee”

Cartoons & Comic Strips

Calvin and HobbsBatman and Robin

CapitalizationWe must capitalize names of religions and their followers, holy days/celebrations, specific deities and documents.Type of Name Examples

Religion/Followers Judaism Christianity Islam Buddhism Hinduism

Holy Days/Celebrations

Christmas Passover Ramadan

Deities Allah God Jesus Brahma

Documents Bible Koran Upanishads

Capitalizationwe are going to the movie avatar at the westside theater.

my favorite song is “do you like shakespeare?” by susan justice.

next sunday we will celebrate founder’s day at central university.

i went with mother and father to tour the uss missouri, a world war II battleship.

CapitalizationWe are going to the movie Avatar at the Westside Theater.

My favorite song is “Do You Like Shakespeare?” by Susan Justice.

Next Sunday we will celebrate Founder’s Day at Central University.

I went with Mother and Father to tour the USS Missouri, a World War II battleship.

Capitalizationthe novel one flew over the cockoo’s nest by ken kesey is taught in freshman english at kenyon college.

last fall i took algebra 1, biology, french and history.

we visited the statue of liberty, ellis island and the empire state building while in new york city.

i used an apple computer when i typed my essay “an analysis of shakepeare’s poetry” for prof. jones.

CapitalizationThe novel One Flew over the Cockoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey is taught in freshman English at Kenyon College.

Last fall I took Algebra 1, biology, French and history.

We visited the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island and the Empire State Building while in New York City.

I used an Apple computer when I typed my essay “An Analysis of Shakepeare’s Poetry” for Prof. Jones.

Capitalization

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/grammar/capitalization.htm

http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz4829458a2d8.html

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/par_numberless_quiz.pl/caps_quiz.htm

AlliterationThe repetition of consonant sound in words that are close to one another.

The moan of doves in immemorial elms,And murmuring of innumerable bees.

“The Princess: Come down, O Maid”Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)

AssonanceThe repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds in words that are close together.

moon – boot – doombat – man - cap

BalladA song or songlike poem that tells a story.

In Scarlet Town, where I was born,There was a fair maid dwellin'Made every lad cry wellaway,And her name was Barbara Allen.

“Barbara Allen's Cruelty” Anonymous. 17th Cent.

Blank VersePoetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter

What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,What, what is he to do? I saw it goMerrily bouncing, down the street, and thenMerrily over-there it is in the water!

“The Ball Poem”John Berryman

CoupletTwo consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.

Behold the hippopotamus!We laugh at how he looks to us,And yet in moments dank and grim,I wonder how we look to him.

“The Hippopotamus”Ogden Nash

Free VersePoetry that has no regular meter or rhyme scheme.

Running through a field of cloverStop to pick a daffodilI play he loves me, loves me not,The daffy lies, it says he does not love me!Well, what use a daffy When Jimmy gives me roses?

By Flora Launa

HaikuA brief unrhymed, three-lined poem developed in Japan in the 1600’s.

An old pond!A frog jumps in-The sound of water.

Matsuo Basho

Lyric PoetrySonglike poetry that expresses private emotions or thoughts.

I heard a fly buzz when I died;The stillness round my formWas like the stillness in the airBetween the heaves of storm.

“Dying”Emily Dickinson

MeterA generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry.

Two house / holds, both / a like / in dig / ni ty,In fair / Ver on / a, where / we lay / our scene,From an /cient grudge / break to / new mu / ti ny,Where ci /vil blood / makes ci / vil hands / un clean.

Romeo and JulietWilliam Shakespeare

OdeA complex, generally lengthy lyric poem on a serious subject.

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness painsMy sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,Or emptied some dull opiate to the drainsOne minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:

“Ode to a Nightingale”John Keats

Pastoral PoetryPoetry that depicts rustic life in idealized terms.

Come live with me and be my Love, And we will all the pleasures prove That hills and valleys, dale and field, And all the craggy mountains yield. 

“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”Christopher Marlowe

Prose PoetryPoetry written in prose form but using poetic devices to express a single emotion or idea.

Loveliest of trees, the cherry nowIs hung with bloom along the bough,And stands about the woodland ride Wearing white for Eastertide.

“Loveliest of trees, the cherry now”A. E. Housman

RefrainA repeated word, phrase, line or group of lines.

And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;

“The Raven”Edgar Allan Poe

RhymeThe repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together in a poem.

Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.

“Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening”Robert Frost

End RhymeRhyme that occurs at the end of a line of poetry.

My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.

“Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening”Robert Frost

Internal Rhyme

Rhyme that occurs within a line or lines of poetry.

I wield the flail of the lashing hail,And whiten the green plains under,And then again I dissolve it in rain, And laugh as I pass in thunder.

“THE CLOUD”Percy Bysshe Shelley

Approximate Rhyme

Words that similar but do not exactly rhyme.

He who the ox to wrath has movednever be by woman loved

“Auguries of Innoncence”William Blake

SonnetA 14 lines poem, usually written in iambic pentameter, that has one or several traditional rhyme schemes.

Sonnethttp

://www.cranberrydesigns.com/poetry/sonnet/examples.htm

StanzaA group of lines in a poem that forms a single unit.

Where true Love burns Desire is Love's pure flame;It is the reflex of our earthly frame, That takes its meaning from the nobler part, And but translates the language of the heart.

“Desire”Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Capitalization

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/grammar/capitalization.htm

http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz4829458a2d8.html

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/par_numberless_quiz.pl/caps_quiz.htm