English 105, Meeting 3Tosspon of DOOM!

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Agenda:Thesis ReviewParts of Speech

Subject/VerbIntros/

Conclus.Words to

AvoidNarrative

Guidelines for a good thesis (pg 33)

1. States the writer’s clearly defined opinion on some subject

2. Assert ONE main idea3. Have something worthwhile to say4. Limit thesis to fit the assignment5. State thesis clearly, in specific terms6. In first or second paragraph.

Does NOT use “this paper”, “I will show”, or “you”; does NOT ask a question; Does NOT state a fact no one can argue with.

Thesis QuizBlank sheet of paper: Write a # between 1 and 10Form a line at the front of the room: lowest # to highest #

Stations: Practice with Thesis:

IdentifyEvaluateCreate

Write on separate papermay need more than 1 piece

Evaluate Thesis 1. Unacceptable2. Unacceptable3. Needs Work4. Good5. Good6. Needs Work7. Needs work8. Needs work9. Needs Work10. Good

Identify the Thesis1. All insects have three main

body parts…2. Kitty Hawk was made

famous… 3. Niagara Falls is a set of

massive waterfalls… 4. Today’s car manufacturers …5. Since 1979…6. John Bookmeyer is a versatile,..7. SKIPPED!!!!!

8. I couldn't help feeling that the school was poorly cared for…

9. The English Lab… 10. There are many rules…11. The internet is an … 12. The inventor was in an….13. These are the two most

common reasons…14. Propagandists love shortcuts…15. Don’t read everything at the

same quick speed

Answers

PARTS OF SPEECH The Building Blocks of Writing

Noun

Pronoun

Verb

Adverb

Adjective

(an article is special kind of Adjective: a, an, the)

Preposition

Conjunction

Interjection

Person, place, thing, idea

Replaces a

noun

Action! Or state

of being: be, is, are, was, were, have,

had, etc

Describes

Verbs, adj, and

advs

Describes

nouns

Give details

of location

, position

Connects words, phrases

, clauses

Interrupts. Wow! Ouch!

Verbs are actions and states of being.

Help identify them: they tell time

• Test the sentence by adding Today, Yesterday, or tomorrow.

• Today she dances.• Yesterday she

danced.• Tomorrow she will

dance.

How to Find the Verb

Tells what the subject is doing and when the action occurs.

• Examples:• Arrive, leave,

learn, write, open, write, teach

• The woman studied ballet.

Action Verbs

Links the subject of a sentence to one or more words that describe or identify the subject.

• Examples:• Act, appear,

become, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seems, smells, sounds, tastes, turns

• Be (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been)

• She seems distracted

Verbs travel in teamsLinking Verbs

Combines with a main verb to form a verb phrase. It always comes before the main verb and expresses a special meaning or a particular time.

• Examples:• Can, could, may,

might, must, shall, should, will

• Being, been, am, is, was, are, were

• Has, have, had• Does, do, did

• He is sleeping• He might sleep• He should sleep. • He could have been

sleeping.

Verbs often travel in teams (called Phrases)Helping Verbs

To be a COMPLETE SENTENCE - Subject - Verb - Complete Thought

Using the Building BlocksMaking sentences

Subject: Mr. Morton does stuff.

The subject answers “Who or what is the sentence about?”

Usually occurs early in the sentence

Usually a noun (person/place/thing/idea) or pronoun (replaces a noun)

Subject CAN be modified by adjectives.

The subject of a sentence can be compound (more than one subject can do something).

Finding the Subject

1. The road twisted and turned.

2. A young boy hurried along briskly.

3. He carried an important message.

4. A red-winged blackbird flew overhead.

5. Dark clouds and a sudden wind surprised

him.

Practice - find the subject!

Object: Normal Sentences in English = SVO

Steps to find the Subject

1. Cross out Prepositions/Prepositional Phrase2. Cross out THERE/WHERE/HERE3. Cross out appositive phrase

(, in the commas,)4. Look for the VERB (ACTION)

If the verb starts the sentence, is it a command? If so, the subject is YOU!!!!! You have to write it in!

5. Ask “who/what is doing that action”?6. Then ask, “Can this item/person

REALLY do this action?”

Prepositions tell where or how.

The subject & verb are NEVER found within the prepositional phrase.

Prepositions

Common Prepositions

about behind except onto toward into near

above below for out under of like

across beneath from outside into on within

after beside in over unlike at with

against between

Inside Past until as to

Appositive Phrases

Appositive phrases are a group of words that give us extra information about a noun or pronoun in that sentence.

Appositive phrases are set off by commas

The subject is NEVER found within the appositive phrase.

Martin Johnson, the retired salesperson, sat at his desk.

______________________________

appositive phrase

Cross out the prepositional phrase, then underline the subject.1. On Friday, January 27, 2006, Western

Union sent its last telegram.

2. With the ascendancy of modern technology, the telegram is no longer needed.

3. In 1851 in Rochester, New York, Western Union had its beginnings.

Practice 2

On Friday, January 27, 2006, Western Union sent its last telegram.

With the ascendancy of modern technology, the telegram is no longer needed.In 1851 in Rochester, New York, Western Union had its beginnings.

Cross out the prepositional phrase, then underline the subject.4. Messages were transmitted by Morse code

over the wires and delivered by couriers.

5. Eventually, telegraph service drove the pony express out of business.

6. Until the emergence of the telegraph, the average delivery time for a message by pony express took ten days.

Practice (Cont.)

Messages were transmitted by Morse code over the wires and delivered by couriers.

Eventually, telegraph service drove the pony express out of business.

Until the emergence of the telegraph, the average delivery time for a message by pony express took ten days

“here” “where” and “there” will never be the subject of the sentence. Ex. There will be a quiz on Tuesday.

There is a new teacher in the department.

Here comes the woman now.

(there/where = adverbs subjects can only be nouns/pronouns)

There and HERE

Subj.

subject

Verb

V

Verb subject

Why is he driving away?LOOK for the VERB!

Whereis she taking my candy?

How did he find his sister in the city?

Where is her office?

Questions – Change in Subject position

sub Verb

Verb

Verb

V

Remember that the subject of a “command” sentence is “you” (understood). This is the ONLY case where the subject of a sentence may be left out.

Go to Chicago. Help your sister.

Commands

You

subVerb

You

subVerb

Subject – Verb AgreementWhy do subjects and verbs have to agree? After all, they are only words!

What’s wrong with these sentences?

There is too many pictures on the wall.

Or this one?Everybody but Julio want to go home.

Or this one?All the people wants to win the lottery.

The subjects and verbs don’t agree!

How do we fix Subj/Verb agreement errors?

There are too many pictures on the wall.A plural subject goes with a plural verb.

Everybody but Julio wants to go home.A singular subject goes with a singular

verb.

All the people plans to win the lottery.

A plural subject goes with a plural verb.

Now the subjects and verbs agree!

To be correct, subjects and verbs must agree…They must agree in NUMBER:•Singular subjects go with singular verbs.•Everyone wants to win the lottery.

•Plural subjects go with plural verbs.•All the players want to win the game.

•Number is always about Singular & Plural

Making Subjects and Verbs Agree –Practice

1. Many companies today (tests, test) their workers for drugs.

2. To many people it (seems, seem) an invasion of privacy.

3. Employers (worries, worry) that bus and train drivers are using drugs on the job.

4. They (doesn’t, don’t) want the lives of their passengers at risk.

Subject____________

Subject__

Subject____________

Subject_____

Making Subjects and Verbs Agree – Practice

5. Even operators of rides in amusement parks (undergoes, undergo) tests.

6. Professional athletes on a team (has, have) special problems because of unwelcome publicity.

7. Some factories (installs, install) hidden video cameras for surveillance.

8. The General Motors Company (hires, hire) undercover agents as workers.

Subject___________

Subject_________

Subject_________

Subject____________________________

One More Thing: Tense AgreementTense is all about time.Usually we write in the Past tense.The Present and Future are fine, but once you start in a tense, STAY there!“Yesterday we decided that tomorrow we will go shopping” is correct.

• (Past & Future together)

“We went to the store and buy food.” is not correct.

• (Past & Present together) It should be bought not buy.

Verb Tense Shifts

Verbs tell WHEN things happened in your story. The TENSE of your story is not the same as the timeline of your story.

Shifting to the past tense in a present tense essay

1. The tense of past tense literature bleeds into the tense of your summary.

2. Two separate actions in the literature, one of which occurs before the time-frame you are summarizing, can create awkward situations in the summary.

3. Reminding readers of an earlier event in the literature, while discussing a later event, can cause tense confusion.

At the beginning of Anna Karenina, Oblonsky is introduced as an unfaithful husband. His wife, Dolly, was furious because of his affair with the French governess. Oblonsky's sister, Anna, soon arrived and persuaded Dolly to forgive him.

At the beginning of Anna Karenina, Oblonsky is introduced as an unfaithful husband. His wife, Dolly, is furious because of his affair with the French governess. Oblonsky's sister, Anna, soon arrives and persuades Dolly to forgive him.

Ellen Goodman sets down some good rules for relationships in her essay "Being Loved Anyway". Her childhood recollection of her father is her main example. Every morning, he stared into the mirror and said, "You're no bargain", and this ritual kept him easy to get along with.

Ellen Goodman sets down some good rules for relationships in her essay "Being Loved Anyway". She recalls that, when she was a child, her father would stare at himself in the mirror every morning and say, “You're no bargain." Goodman asserts that the ritual kept him easy to get along with.

Romeo rushes to the tomb and finds Juliet, as he thinks, dead. Juliet took the sleeping potion given her by the Friar and was put into a death-like sleep.

Romeo rushes to the tomb and finds Juliet, as he thinks, dead. Juliet has taken the sleeping potion given her by the Friar and has been put into a death-like sleep.

Shifting to the present tense in a past tense essay

1. You can accidentally slip into the present tense in the story-teller mode.

2. Relating past events which are still true can cause tense confusion.

I drew the shades in my house and sat down in front of the TV. This guy comes on, talking about how the C.I.A., the car companies, and Johnson and Johnson are all involved in a plot to overthrow the government.

I drew the shades in my house and sat down in front of the TV. This guy came on, talking about how the C.I.A., the car companies, and Johnson and Johnson were all involved in a plot to overthrow the government.

My mother told us to be ever vigilant for chances to help others; she wanted us to give part of what we were blessed with two people less fortunate. My mother, to be quite candid, is more conscious of the community's needs than her own.

My mother told us to be ever vigilant for chances to help others; she wanted us to give part of what we were blessed with two people less fortunate. My mother, to be quite candid, was more conscious of the community's needs than her own.

Which of these houses appears safer? More comfortable? Happier? Why?

Beginnings and Endings. Chapter 4, pg 81.

Lead Ins: The “front door” to your paper.Contest! Write 3 DIFFERENT introductions to the topic. “Chocolate is good for you.”Enter 1 or more in the introduction competition!

1. paradoxical/intriguing statement

2. Shocking/arresting statistic

3. A question4. Quote5. Joke/story/anecdote6. Description,

emotional7. Factual statement8. Analogy/comparison

9. before-after scenario10. Personal experience11. List of facts (catalog)12. Statement of problem or misconception13. Brief dialogue14. Proverb, maxim, motto15. Insight, revelation16. Appeal to common

experience

Avoid Errors in Lead-Ins

• Make sure your lead-in introduces your thesis

• Keep your lead-in brief• Don’t begin with an apology or complaint

• Don’t assume your audience already knows your subject matter

• Stay clear of overused lead-ins (dictionary definitions anyone?!)

Introductions / Hooks

Complete the handout: Identifying Hooks/Introductions

Complete the handout: Creating Hooks/Introductions

Answers: Identifying Hooks/IntrosMay be more than one “type” that

has been blended!

1. Anecdote/relevant story

2. Questions3. Quote4. Startling fact5. Questions, examples 6. Comparison, relevant

facts7. Statement of

problem8. Surprising fact9. Anecdote, personal

story10.Personal Story

Thesis: Through his courage, leadership, and patriotism, George Washington was able to accomplish so much.

Thesis: For small, local, family-owned businesses, more and bigger has been anything but better.

Thesis: Despite the smaller percentage of women currently involved in high level government positions, pioneers …..are leading theway towards gender equality in politics.

Thesis: For most Americans, finding an occupation that….

Thesis: However, a real man, shows his emotions and what is in his heart.

Thesis: However, it takes more than those feminine qualities to be a woman of African society.

Thesis: Based on previous experiences with alcohol, I choose not to drink.

Thesis: Across the United States there are many examples of leftover laws and customs that reflect the racism that once permeated American society.

Thesis: Whatever the true reason, the fact is that my favorite holiday of the year is Easter Sunday.

Thesis: A cancer patient is affected physically, psychologically, and socially by the impact of cancer.

Practicing what you’ve learned: pg 85 Describe the lead-ins in the paragraphs.

May be more than one “type” that has been blended!

1. Proverb/quote2. Question(s)

Concluding paragraphs: pg 86

1. A Summary of the thesis and the essay’s major points

2. An evaluation of the importance

3. A statement of broader implications

4. A recommendation or call to action

5. A warning based on the essay’s thesis

6. A quotation from an authority

7. An anecdote/brief example that emphasizes/sums up

8. Image or description9. Rhetorical question10. Forecast11. Ironic twist, pun,

witticism, playful use of words

12. Return to the technique you used in the lead-in

Avoid Errors in ConclusionsDon’t introduce new points/irrelevant material

Don’t just tack on a conclusion.

Don’t change your stance.

Avoid trite expressions

Don’t insult or anger your reader.

She learned the hard way

as destructive

as a bull in a china shop spread like

wildfire

gone but not

forgotten

Words to avoid in college writing

Others? Now-a-days

ReallyYou

Any SLANG words

ThinkFeelBeingAs

A lotSort of/ KindaLikeJust

Peer Revision of Narrative

42

Always remember these lessons:• A good peer editor makes a

better self-editor because you learn by correcting other peoples’ work!

• Treat your peer’s paper like you’ll be graded on his/her errors and weaknesses.

Peer Editing

Do’s

-Take this serious, you will be graded on the quality and quantity of your comments.

-Comment in a polite, respectful language/tone

-Explain your comments, so if you say “I Liked it,” explain why! If you say “this is bad” explain how to improve it.

Don’ts

-Correct every spelling/ grammar mistake (the author should use spell check!)

-Fill the paper with vague comments like “great job” and “interesting”

-Insult the author- Phrases such as “this

sucks”, instead phrase as “This could be better if you added in…”

Edit like you’re being graded on it, because you are. Peer editors will meeting with me.

43

Follow the Handout1. Read aloud to paper owner. • Stop after EVERY sentence. Was it a

fragment? A Run on? Missing words? Used verbs incorrectly?

2. Peer Revision: read peer paper to yourself. • Complete #’s 2-17 about your peer’s paper (25

point)

3. Return to paper’s author to complete then handout.• Complete #’s 18-22 about your own paper

(25 points) – this can be completed @ home. 4. Take all 3 home with you: 2 commented drafts, 1

peer review form. Turn them all in next week.

Homework

Narrative Essay Final Draftsubmitted to http://healdlogin.com by beginning of next class.

• File name: Lastname_Narrative.docx • Please do not type in the .docx – it is the

file extension.

Read: Chapter 4