Sermon By Rev. Dr. F. K. Oladele. TOPIC: REBUILDING THE BROKEN WALLS.
Engineering Management Assignment by Oladele Oladipo Ayorinde
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Transcript of Engineering Management Assignment by Oladele Oladipo Ayorinde
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ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
TASK 1
INTRODUCTION
Automobile's bumpers are the front-most or rear-most part, modeled and manufactured in-other
to assist cars in sustaining impact without damage to the vehicle's safety systems. They dont
have the ability to reduce injury possibilities to the occupants in vehicles which engage in high-
speed but recently are designed to mitigate injury to pedestrians struck by cars. (I.e. Victims
struck by cars).
The car bumper injection molding manufacturing process involve some certain steps such as
making the polymer by mixing liquid plastic precursors are mixed with a catalyst that causes
them to combine and polymerize quickly. The materials after are then injected into a large mold,
where they combine faster.
This will result into polymer of polyurethane. With the presence of gas, the polyurethane will
expand and fill up the bumper mold after which the product is removed.
This process is formally used by the company and will remain the basic manufacturing processfor this task but will undergo some innovations.
1.1. THE STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES FOR THE PROPOSED PLANT
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In order to increase productivity and at the same time meet up with customers satisfactions it is
our intent to:
To reach the demands of our customers with the highest quality products by increasing
our production and provide outstanding levels of sales and delivery service, which cannot
be matched by our competitors and the by this means increasing our market share.
To deliver superior rates of return to our shareholders and also providing opportunities
and reward for our employees.
To rebrand our trademark and reputation by producing quality goods to best satisfy
customers and wins their heart and trust over the past flaws or low rate of supply.
FUCNTIONAL STRATEGIES
1.2
Regarding the defects in the previous problem the company had which limits productivity to less
than 50 percents, the following functions will be adjusted to boost up production to at least 90
percents.
Manpower: Generally manpower will be increases in all fields needed in two folds to
help boost up the production in all areas.
Manufacturing department: Machines will be increased to help increase production and
also here manpower will be increased and work will be done to improve their capacity to
interact with the machines which are manuals to help improve product and quality.
Marketing department: Skill employees will be recruited to generate a wider marketing
strategy for the company in order to boost sales and increase the market share of the
company.
Purchasing department: Manpower will be improved in this sector to facilitate materials
and goods to be purchased and also transportation means will be improved to aid fast
importation of materials and machines needed.
Finance department: Adequate measures will be put in place to help provide capital for
the company in order to be able to carry out the objectives stated (Plan).
Sales / accounting department: Skilled workers will be recruited in this sector also to
improves sales and increase good relationship with customers in order to meet up with
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part of the objectives planned i.e. Wining the heart of the customers by providing quality
products and representing the company appropriately.
Product management: warehouse, packaging, safety have to be put in place to reduce risk
and lose thereby improving production and profit.
Transportation Department: More transportation equipments such as vehicles will be
needed to reach out to customers and to move goods to warehouse.
1.3 POSSIBLE STAKEHOLDERS IN THE COMPANY
1.4. POSSIBLE SOURCES OF FUND, COST AND RISK
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Risk can be defined as a concept which denotes the probability of certain outcomes or the
uncertainty of them especially when it is an existing negative threat for trying to achieve a
current monetary objective.
http://www.ehow.com/about_5233385_risks-bank-loans.html
Sources of fund Risks
Bank Loan Interest rate risk i.e. If the loan could not be
paid back on time, the rate increases in respect
to time and if care is not taken depreciateprofit.
Government Subsidy Cost of providing social amenities to thecommunity, and also if regime experience
changes there is a chance of losing funding
because the new government may decide to
drop the company funding policy without
prejudice.Franchise If franchise is taken as an objective, as the
franchisor everything as to be done on the
franchisees way with no argument thereby
limiting if any the objective of this company.
Other risks include, heavy cost of ongoing cost
such as royalties, a monthly payment from therevenue generated by the company and also
additional fees includes such as for
advertisement.
Ongoing support: There is a risk of the
franchisee withdrawing its support after a
while of starting up the business and the allwill be left to the company to bear.
Cost: Buying into a well-known franchisessuppose to be an option if good profit has to be
made but the cost is extremely high.
Meanwhile buying into a little known franchise
is really dangerous for the growth of the
business.
Joint Venture Most times the partners involved have different
objectives for on the company operate intermsof funding and other aspect.
Their different culture and management
http://www.ehow.com/about_5233385_risks-bank-loans.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5233385_risks-bank-loans.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5233385_risks-bank-loans.html -
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strategy can lead to poor integration and co-
operation.
And also the partners dont provide sufficientand quality leadership at early stage.
Public funding The grant size is usually very small which willnot meet with the bumper production
requirement according to the objectives needed
to be meet.
There is a chance of rapid change in priorities.
Continuous support may not be possible.
Applicants have limited access on decision
making.
Indirect cost may not be covered and its less
likely to cover the overall project cost therebyaffecting production.
According to the risk involved and the advantages of the difference sources of fund explained
above, Joint Venture will be chosen for this project because the risk involve is very low
compare to others and will be depreciating with time.
1.5. HUMAN RESOURCES REQUIRED
The human resources required for the proposed plant based on different fields and departments in
the company.
In order to meet with the production rate of the car bumper targeted in the company objectives
which is increasing production to 90 percent from the previous epileptic production of less than
50 percent, most fields manpower needs increment almost double of what it used to be.
Fields Initial manpower Required manpower
Marketing Department 15 30
Quality Department 3 5
Purchasing Department 8 20
Finance Department 5 8
Sales 20 40
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Accounting 15 30
Personel 10 20
Manufacturing department
(According to task)
1. Procure material 5 10
2. Dehumidfy the material -
(pre-heat)
10 20
3. Bringing mold to machine 10 20
4. Load the mold - locking the
mold and giving it appropriatetonnage
10 25
5. Purging out the earliermaterial from the machine
5 10
6. Loading the material. 5 10
7. Filling slowly and in the
process gradually increasingthe shot weight.
10 20
8. Fine tune with packpressures, injection speed
5 10
9. cool the part ejected 5 10
10. Degate- Deflash (remove
flash)
5 10
11. wrap and pack. 10 25
Transportation department 5 10
Utility Department 4 6
Security Department 3 4
Total : 165 Total: 338
1.6. BUDGET OF THE PLANT (For 5 Years)
Possible Inflation rate of 3-5 % is included due to the global economy status in this era.
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ITEMS ESTIMAT
ES (USD)
2013
(USD)
2014
(USD)
2015
(USD)
2016
(USD)
2017
(USD)
Sales perUnit
40 45 45 50 50
Sales
Volume
300,000 500,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,500,000
FIXED
Land
purchase
andconstruction
333,333.33 - - - - -
Machines
andequipments
120,000.00 - - - - -
Tax 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00
VARIABLE
Manpower(Labour)
wages
300,000.00 220,000.00 250,000.00 280,000.00 300,000.00 300.000.00
Materials 55,000.00 52,500.00 55,000.00 57,500.00 60,000.00 62,500.00
Utilities 1,600.00 1,575.00 1,650.00. 1,725.00 1,800.00
Transportation(Purchases
and
mentainance)
400,000.00 400,000.00 50,000.00 52,500.00 55,000.00 57,500.00
UtilityTaxes
800.00 840.00 880.00 920.00 960.00 1000.00
Machinesand
equipments
(Purchase/mentainance)
45,000.00 42,000.00 44,000.00 46,000.00 48,000.00 50,000.00
Miscellaneo
us
100,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00 100,000.00
TOTAL: =1356133.
33
=817315.0
0
=501,930.0
0
=539,045.0
0
=566,160.0
0
=571,400.0
0
SALES 12,000,000 22,500,000 36,000,000 50,000,000 75,000,000
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REVENUE
PROFIT 11,182,685 21,998,070 35,460,955 49433840 74428600
According to the estimation derived from the budget, which is 1356133.33 (usd), the minimum
capital required to start up the business is 1356133.33 usd.
1.7. Organization Structure Diagram of the Company.
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TASK 2
2.1. Factors Influencing productivity means factors that helps in growing productivity. Most
problems with productivity are obvious such as Poor Alignment of IT, reliance on IT process,
poor leadership and poor communication system.
The factors that help growing productivity is directly opposite this flaws in todays companies.
The factors that influence overall productivity is identified and briefly described below:
1. Good Leadership: When good leaders are put into place or each functions, the whole function
can be managed and even bad processes can be fine tuned by the leader by changing the process
as soon as necessary. Good communication will be into place by him/her ensuring the
possibilities to good communication and thereby will boost up productivity.
2. Good Communication: If there is good communication between managers and every particular
team, everyone knows its responsibilities and expectation thereby giving a clear sense of
responsibility to each job holders.
3. Good Alignment of Information Technology: IT process must be flexible enough to facilitate
good influence on the company in order to have positive impact on overall productivity.
4. Staff complement and workforce flexibility: Productive casuals should be employed as fulltimes after various test to influence overall productivity. And more so the more flexible the
workforce the more productive the institution will be.
5. Management Experience: Job holders years of experience matters. The more year of
experience they have the more they can deliver to aid growth in the industry.
2.2. WHY THE JAPANESE ARE SEEN TO BE SUCCESSFUL IN ACHIEVING
MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY THAN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.
The principles of ''LEAN'' manufacturing and production development have been described and
talked about in many articles since 1990 up to date such as; Womack, Jones, and Nobeoka
(1992) for product development.
The main key element in this principle made it possible for the firms who follows its approach
to achieve extremely high levels of quality (absence of defects) and productivity (very much
higher like 2 or 3 times higher than European plants in the late 1980s) in manufacturing as
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and also relatively high levels of flexibility in the sense of being able to produce small lots
of different models with little or perhaps no penalty in productivity or their quality.
Toyota developed this small-lot idea, at the moment manufacturing approach is needed
urgently to meet up with the needs of the post-World War I I. Japanese auto market was very
small in size and was exporting few products which grows faster in time when demands ofdifferent cars and trucks models was increasing. Between 1970s and 1980s, major Japanese
automakers gradually shifted the primary competitive domain to product development by using
the advantage of the manufacturing capabilities. it was Led by Honda and Toyota, and they
grow rapidly estimate around 42 months in contrast with that of European producers (Clark and
Fujimoto) and the US. After which the Japanese adopted the idea of full model changes every
four years which was started in the 1950s.
This allow Japanese automakers to bring in new features and technologies into their
vehicles more quickly than U.S. or European automakers, which generally had product
replacement cycles every 6 to 8 years or more.
In summary, Japanese adopted the principle of producing products with new features and new
technologies and also bringing them out in different models into market in every 4 years thereby
gaining more ground in global market share than European.
[1]
2.3 TECHNIQUES USED IN JAPAN TO ACHIEVE HIGH QUALITY
In recent years, Japanese techniques sometimes called Japanese Model or Japanese
Management techniques are being into limelight in the US and other countries in the world in
terms of management skills. Alot had been written about Japanese high productivity and
efficiency of Japanese industry in recent years. The key to the success in the Japanese
management style or techniques.
The techniques are described below:
1. Lifetime Employment: Under this technique, employees are hired after graduating from
colleges or high school and retained till a particular mandatory age of retirement (55 years Old)
excluding top level managers. The employees appointment can only be terminated if cases likecriminal cases or other unbearable act comes up. After retirements, employees are entitled to
large sum of retirement grants. This technique draws employees passion for working excellence
towards the company thereby putting on all effort and being responsible at any post.
2. The Evaluation and promotion process: This process involves new hirer going upto ten
years with automatic payment and promotions before his formal performance are made. It is after
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evaluation that payment increases and promotions comes. This process helps in bringing out long
term management outlook, a good altitude of cooperation towards employees and also non-
competition among employees. This helps boost employees performance in order to serve the
company right.
3. Non-Specialized Career Paths and Lifelong Job Rotation: In this process evaluation occursafter job rotation of about ten years and even after the evaluation through promotions.
This process helps employees in being familiar with various departments in the company and
increase the level of corporation and coordination among employees.
4. The participating approach to decision making: This technique involve individuals who
will feel the impact of the any decision make in the company in decision making. One person or
group of people may form a decision making a squad and everyone in the group have a right to
pour out their mind on any issue. Though this system of decision making takes a lot of time but
its very effective and more supportive.
5. Collective value and a collective sense of responsibility: This idea is integrated into
Japanese firm to limit the idea of one employee been hype than another in terms of delivering.
All employee have equal expectation from the company in terms of productivity. Employees are
adviced to work together to help make the company more productive.
These techniques are the major key to Japan high productivity achievement.
[2]
2.4 HOW GOOD QUALITY LEADS TO HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
An organization which has the vision to grow and successful has to embrace some certain
characteristics which will make it productive. When a company or an organization embraces this
characteristics they tend to grow and more successful (Productive).
Ambition: Firstly, if the leadership team of any company have great and passion good
ambition for the company, high productivity is obvious in the company environs. When
the leaders of the company are ambitious and have some goals and objectives to be
pursued and its pursued with all enthusiasm not selfishness then the company will behighly productive.
Customer: Customers satisfaction should be a major goal of any good company. Nocustomer, no growth and 100 % loss assurance is guaranteed in any company. The major
expectation of any company is to make profit so without any input from customers the
company dead. Therefore if customers needs are met then this implies good quality in the
company and yes, the company will be highly productive.
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Focus: If being focus on a company territory is adopted by a company then its a good
quality and the company will be highly productive also. If a company will do what they
know best and not rumbling around in other unfamiliar territories then high productivity
is obvious in such company.
Inspiration: All individuals in a company should hold a piece of responsibility to the rise
and death of any company so they can know they are responsible for any occurrence in
the company. This can be done when everyone have a share in making decisions in the
company. This help in inspiring every job holders to be more hard working and devoted
because they will know they are responsible at to a piece of whatever happens to the
company either profitable, productive, not profitable, or not productive.
If employees are inspired in this means then theres a high chance of making the company
highly productive because everyone delivers.
[3]
The above qualities, if embraced will lead any company to the path of been highly productive.
2.5 HOW TO MEASURE THE PLANTS MANUFACTURING PERFOMANCE:
1. Production rate /Volume: If production increase as planned or not. This will indicate and
makes the performance of the new plant transparent.
2. Good quality: Measures can be taken by testing the quality of the new products produced after
the new implemented plant.
3. Sales rate: The higher the sales rate the better for the company. Performance can be tested
through the sales rate of the company after the proposed plant has been implemented.
4. Customers feedback: Also performances can be tested through customers feedback through
different mean, direct speech, media e.t.c.
5. Failure rate: The performance can also be tested through the failure rate in the organization in
every function.
6. Gain and loss: Overall performance can be seen clearly by studying if the company is making
profit or loosing in terms of profit.
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TASK 3
3.1. PRODUCT STRUCTURE
3.2 BILL OF MATERIALS
Table 3.2. The Cabinet Bill of Material
3.3. OUTLINE PROCESS CHART OF THE CABINET
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3.4. DIRECT PRODUCTION COST PER UNIT
PROCESSES COST PER UNIT ()
Cutting process 15
Sanding process 5
Drilling 9
Painting 5
Assembly 2
TOTAL PROCESSES = 5 TOTAL COST = 36
3.5 DETERMINING WHICH SITE TO BUY.
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According to the three sites found and the processes involve in the manufacuting of this product
which suppose to take large part of the company and the sales department, there is no necessity
of getting a too bigger site for the product. More so, considering the first two site which is 100
200 and 200 250 respectively, the price of the site (2) is not reasonable because the long side of
it is not as much different for the first site but the second site is wider and longer than the first
site and also longer just exactly as the bigger site which is the third site and close to the
wideness.
I will choose site 2 because it has the same length with the site three which cost much and have
closer breath with the site 3 also. In other to manage monetary resources, site three is the best
value.
3.6. SUITABLE LAYOUT FOR THE FACTORY
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TASK 4
It is paramount for employers to understand their responsibilities to provide safety at every
workplace. In other words to provide well a safe working environment for employees. Workrelated injuries and diseases should be prevented by taking safety and health at the working
environment very important.
The following are the standard procedures which must be put into place:
Tips for a safe working environment: It is important to give every new employees the tips
of the safety system that has been put into place in every particular organization by
making them aware of the occupational health and safety policies in the system.
It is advisable to for employers to provide a training session to employees on safety
procedures, and also shedding more lights on readymade evacuations and emergency
procedures.
Employer responsibility with health and safety: The machineries, equipments and tools
must be kept safe and not unsafe for employees. Also the process work is done in the
company must be monitored by employers and must be assure that it does not have
negative effect on employees.
Guidance should be given to employees on how to do their responsibilities safely and
employers needs to consult the employees to know the status of their health.The workplace must be checked regularly and records should be kept on every
occurrence that comes up during the supervision.
Employees with disability: There should not be any discrimination in terms of any
workers ability either able or a disable work. Employers must create a better work place
that fit all workers ability according to law even if any workers disability needs to be
consider.
Adjustment should be made for a worker with disability cases so it doesnt have its
contribution to the organization.
Managing a return to work: Any employee returning back to work after sometime of
vacation or after treatment of some injuries should be retrained on all safety procedures
and safe health tips in the company system at present.
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Small business occupational health and safety advisers program: This involved seminars
and safety programs to help create more awareness on safety tips to employees.
[4]
TASK 4B
Employers responsibilities on the contract of appointment, discrimination and termination
of employment.
CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT
1. A written statement of terms and conditions of employment; Certain terms and conditions
based on the employment must be stated in writing within two months of the employee working
with the company.
It must consist of method of calculating pay and whether or not sick say scheme is operated in
the system of the organization. In the case of fixed time employees, the document would also
include the date of employment completion.
2. A wriiten statement of pay or payslip : On the slip, gross pay and every possible deductions
will be indicated.
3. A minimum wage
4. A maximum working week: Average of 48 hours per week depending on the company.
Records must be kept by employers on how many hours any employee work.
5. Unpaid breaks during working hours: Workers have the grace of 15 minutes break if working
for fours and half hours and 30 minutes if working for six hours.
6. Annual leave from work: Full time worker are entitled to payment of four working weeks on
annual leaves per year by employers.
7. A minimum amount of notice before dismissal : Depending on the length of service rendered
by employees to an organization, they should have minimum time of notification on before
dismissal.
[5]
DISCRIMINATION: Its is an obligation to every employers to prevent discrimination in
workplaces and also when hiring or dismissing any staff.
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It is employers responsibility to control the level of discrimination at the workplace to zero
percent. It is also unlawful for employers to victimize anyone who complains about
discrimination at workplace.
Either direct or indirect discrimination, it is the responsibility of employer to monitor and control
it.
TERMINATION OF APPOINTMENT: The employer must give notice of dismissal to the
employee involve before the process is carried out. The notice that will be given depends on the
agreement on contract of employment and if no written agreement It can also base on any verbal
agreement between the two parties.
If none of the two have been put into place then the length of service may be considered.
REFERENCE
1.http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/2437/SWP-3477-26970551.pdf?sequence=1
2.http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000066441
3.http://www.businessknowhow.com/growth/greatco.htm
4.http://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/Page
s/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspx
5.http://www.employmentrights.ie/en/informationforemployers/whataremyresponsibilities/
http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/2437/SWP-3477-26970551.pdf?sequence=1http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/2437/SWP-3477-26970551.pdf?sequence=1http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/2437/SWP-3477-26970551.pdf?sequence=1http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000066441http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000066441http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000066441http://www.businessknowhow.com/growth/greatco.htmhttp://www.businessknowhow.com/growth/greatco.htmhttp://www.businessknowhow.com/growth/greatco.htmhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/Pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/Pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/Pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/Pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://www.employmentrights.ie/en/informationforemployers/whataremyresponsibilities/http://www.employmentrights.ie/en/informationforemployers/whataremyresponsibilities/http://www.employmentrights.ie/en/informationforemployers/whataremyresponsibilities/http://www.employmentrights.ie/en/informationforemployers/whataremyresponsibilities/http://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/Pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://jobaccess.gov.au/Employers/Before_you_start/Preparing_and_modifying_the_workplace/Pages/How_to_provide_a_safe_wor.aspxhttp://www.businessknowhow.com/growth/greatco.htmhttp://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5000066441http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/2437/SWP-3477-26970551.pdf?sequence=1