References:References:

1 - The Science of Engineering Design1 - The Science of Engineering Design by : Percy H. Hill by : Percy H. Hill

pub : Holt , Rinehart & Winston , Incpub : Holt , Rinehart & Winston , Inc. . New York ,New York , 1970 1970

2 -2 - Engineering Design GraphicsEngineering Design Graphics by : James H. Earleby : James H. Earle

pub : Addison_Welsy publishing co , 1992pub : Addison_Welsy publishing co , 1992

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 New ProductsNew Products

New products are basic to company growth and survival New products are basic to company growth and survival today more than ever before.today more than ever before.

Statistics show that between 55 & 60 good ideas found to Statistics show that between 55 & 60 good ideas found to obtain one successful new product valuable enough to obtain one successful new product valuable enough to have a significant effect on sales profit.have a significant effect on sales profit.

The ideas can be found from internal sources as well as The ideas can be found from internal sources as well as external sources.external sources.

Internal sources

Improvement to

present products

Peripheral products

Organized creativity among

design &

Development group

A program of

rewarding

creative ideas

External sources

Knowledge of what the competition is doing

Activities among companies outside the market area

Ideas from present & potential customers

Inventors & patent application listing

Consulting scientists & engineers

universities

Technical , trade & other publications

Professional society & trade association meeting

Stage of new-product evolution

New-productIdea search

Idea screening

Business analysis

Product development

Pilot production

Market testing

commercialization

IdeationIdeation What’s wrong with it ?What’s wrong with it ?

How can it be improved?How can it be improved?

Other usesOther uses

Minify Minify

MagnifyMagnify

AdaptAdapt

ReverseReverse

New look & old lookNew look & old look

RearrangeRearrange

SubstituteSubstitute

CombineCombine

ConvenienceConvenience

safetysafety

The design processThe design process

Identification of need :Identification of need :The beginning of the design process is an idea . Often the idea is The beginning of the design process is an idea . Often the idea is

motivated by an company’s urgent desire to lunch a new product . motivated by an company’s urgent desire to lunch a new product . (or solved a social problem).(or solved a social problem).

Definition of goal : Definition of goal : An expression in general terms of one’s commitment to a system , An expression in general terms of one’s commitment to a system ,

device or process to satisfy the nee.device or process to satisfy the nee.

Research :Research :Collection of all available information related to the goal.Collection of all available information related to the goal.

Task specification :Task specification :Listing of pertinent data & parameters that will tend to control the Listing of pertinent data & parameters that will tend to control the

design toward the desired .design toward the desired .

IdeationIdeation : :The process of originating new idea .The process of originating new idea .

Conceptualization :Conceptualization :Ingenious , innovative , creative activity in the form of the generation of Ingenious , innovative , creative activity in the form of the generation of

alternative possible solutions to required goal . This usually takes alternative possible solutions to required goal . This usually takes the form of free-hand sketches.the form of free-hand sketches.

Decision matrix :Decision matrix :An excellent technique to guide the designer in making the best An excellent technique to guide the designer in making the best

decision regarding alternative is a scoring matrix.decision regarding alternative is a scoring matrix.

Analysis :Analysis :Testing selective concepts against physical laws.Testing selective concepts against physical laws.

Experiment :Experiment :Construction of prototype , & laboratory testing to determine Construction of prototype , & laboratory testing to determine

performance , workability , reliability & durability.performance , workability , reliability & durability.

Solution description :Solution description :Specific information that defines the system , process or device. It Specific information that defines the system , process or device. It

consist of a report containing a description of the device , drawings, consist of a report containing a description of the device , drawings, specifications, part list, cost estimation.specifications, part list, cost estimation.

Manufacture : Manufacture : Consideration of volume of production , shop Consideration of volume of production , shop

requirements ,fabrication techniques, stock acquisition , requirements ,fabrication techniques, stock acquisition , automation ,scheduling , quality control , inspection .automation ,scheduling , quality control , inspection .

Distribution :Distribution :Competitive pricing , advertising , marketing , profit margin .Competitive pricing , advertising , marketing , profit margin .

Consumption :Consumption :Consumer feed back , repairing , servicing.Consumer feed back , repairing , servicing.

The creative processThe creative process

موفقیت در زمینه علمی و صنعتی مستلزم داشتن :موفقیت در زمینه علمی و صنعتی مستلزم داشتن :

- توانایی تحقیق- توانایی تحقیق11

- توانایی طراحی- توانایی طراحی22

- توانایی تولید- توانایی تولید33

است.است.

را میت.وان اس.تعداد و را میت.وان اس.تعداد و ط.راحیاز عوام.ل م.وثر ب.ر توان.ائی از عوام.ل م.وثر ب.ر توان.ائی خالقیت نام بردخالقیت نام برد

تعریف خالقیتتعریف خالقیت

توان.ائی عملی ب.رای دادن ای.ده ه.ای جدی.د جهت اه.داف مهندس.یکه دارای شرایط زیر باشند:

ایدههای نو مفید یا هنری وبا ارزشایجاد تسهیل در کاری که با عث پیچدگی است.گشودن راه ارتباطات جدید

عوامل موثر بر خالقیت:-وراثت1-محیط2-تعلیم و تربیت گذشته 3

روشهای پرورش خالقیتروشهای پرورش خالقیت

BrainstormingBrainstorming همیش.ه انتق.اد از ت.رس و انتق.اد : همیش.ه انتق.اد از ت.رس و انتق.اد : در .این ل.ذا. می. .ش.ود ای.دههای. .ابتک.اری. ب.ر.وز در .این م.انع. ل.ذا. می. .ش.ود ای.دههای. .ابتک.اری. ب.ر.وز م.انع.

روش انتقاد ممنوع استروش انتقاد ممنوع استinversioninversion ب.ا تغی.یر دی.دگاه ی.ا نقط.ه نظ.ر ای.ده ه.ای : ب.ا تغی.یر دی.دگاه ی.ا نقط.ه نظ.ر ای.ده ه.ای :

جدید رشد میکندجدید رشد میکندAnalogyAnalogy مشابه سازی از منابع و طبیعت : مشابه سازی از منابع و طبیعت : EmpathyEmpathy بج.ای را خ.ود فک.ر انتق.ال و :تلقین بج.ای را خ.ود فک.ر انتق.ال و :تلقین

دیگران قرار دادندیگران قرار دادنFantasyFantasy ) خیالبافی )آرزو دارم چنین با شد ( : خیالبافی )آرزو دارم چنین با شد :

An example of the design processAn example of the design processIdentification of need :Identification of need :Assume that an engineer in private practice (consultant) is bothered by Assume that an engineer in private practice (consultant) is bothered by

the time & trouble of removing fallen leaves from his lawn-that he the time & trouble of removing fallen leaves from his lawn-that he would rather play golf. finally provoked by a recent newspaper would rather play golf. finally provoked by a recent newspaper headline “headline “autumn rite of leaf-burning adds to air pollution.autumn rite of leaf-burning adds to air pollution.” he ” he decides that there is an urgent need for a device to re move leaves.decides that there is an urgent need for a device to re move leaves.

Definition of goal :Definition of goal :Design a device or system for removing autumn leaves from suburban Design a device or system for removing autumn leaves from suburban

lawns that is simple to use & will not add to air pollution.lawns that is simple to use & will not add to air pollution.

Research :Research :The collection of all available information . Information sources may The collection of all available information . Information sources may

include the following technical &trade journals, abstracts , research include the following technical &trade journals, abstracts , research reports, technical libraries, the competition catalogues of component reports, technical libraries, the competition catalogues of component suppliers , the patent office. this information may reveal an already suppliers , the patent office. this information may reveal an already available design solution ,the state-of-the-art ,& availability of available design solution ,the state-of-the-art ,& availability of hardware to accomplish the goal.hardware to accomplish the goal.

Task specificationTask specificationSince this stage requires imaginative thinking involving the overall Since this stage requires imaginative thinking involving the overall

design plan , the designer often questions the goal , may wish to design plan , the designer often questions the goal , may wish to revise it & may abandon the project if it is proven risky.revise it & may abandon the project if it is proven risky.

1.1. Device must be safe to operate, specially when used near small Device must be safe to operate, specially when used near small children.children.

2.2. Controls must be such that the average house wife will have little Controls must be such that the average house wife will have little to no difficulty in learning to operate .to no difficulty in learning to operate .

3.3. Device may collect and remove leaves in following ways :Device may collect and remove leaves in following ways :a.a. Shredded and baggedShredded and baggedb.b. Shredded and deposited as mulch calready availableShredded and deposited as mulch calready availablec.c. Compressed into blocks to be burned in fire place during winterCompressed into blocks to be burned in fire place during winterd.d. Shredded and compressed into a type of peat for planting and Shredded and compressed into a type of peat for planting and

covering covering e.e. ………………………………f.f. ………………………………4. Type of power to be considered4. Type of power to be considereda.a. Storage batteryStorage batteryb.b. Electricity Electricity

c. i. c engine (2 cycle or 4 cycle ) c. i. c engine (2 cycle or 4 cycle ) d. Manual power through gearingd. Manual power through gearinge. …………e. …………f.f. ……………………5.5. Device should be easily stored in garage or basementDevice should be easily stored in garage or basement6.6. Possibility of combining lawn tasks such as :Possibility of combining lawn tasks such as :a.a. Collecting leaves & mowing lawnCollecting leaves & mowing lawnb.b. Collecting leaves & fertilizing Collecting leaves & fertilizing c.c. Collecting leaves & spreading limeCollecting leaves & spreading limed.d. Collecting leaves, moving lawn, &spreading limeCollecting leaves, moving lawn, &spreading lime7. Device should use presently available hardware and require only 7. Device should use presently available hardware and require only

sheet metal and tube forming work or possibly fabricated plastic sheet metal and tube forming work or possibly fabricated plastic or vacuum forming .or vacuum forming .

8. material should be selected on the basis of workability , strength . 8. material should be selected on the basis of workability , strength . Cast , appearance and ability to with stand varying weather Cast , appearance and ability to with stand varying weather conditions.conditions.

9.9. Device must be reliable , require little to no maintenance , and sell Device must be reliable , require little to no maintenance , and sell at a price below the average power lawn mowerat a price below the average power lawn mower

10.10. ……………………....

Peykan+Peugeot(405)=R.D