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Engineering Constants

Density at 20°C (g/ccm) dg;sIet enAsItuNðPaB

20°C 

Pure Water = 0.99820Sea Water = 1.04

Mercury = 13.546

Kerosene (approx) = 0.80Paraffin (m.p. 52-52°C) = 0.912

Wax (m.p. 60-63°C) = 0.915

Viscosity, Dynamic PaBGn§l DINamic 

1 Pas (NS/M²) = 0.0208854 lbf s/ft²

1 cp (centipoises) = 2.08854E-5 lbf s/ft²

1 lbf s/ft² = 47.8803 Pa s1 lbf /s = 1488.16 cp

Viscosity, Kinematic PaBGn§l sIeNm aTic 

1 m²/s = 10.7639 ft²/s

1 cSt (centistokes) = 5.58001 in²/h1 ft²/h = 0.092903 m²/h

1 in²/s = 645.16 mm²/s

EnergyfamBl

 1 MJ = 0.277778 kWh

1 J = 0.737562 ft lbf1 kgfm = 9.80665 J

1 therm = 105.506 MJ

1 kWh = 3.6 MJ1 Btu (British thermal unit) = 1.05506 kJ

Discharge1 cft/s = 2.832E-2 c.m/s

1 cft/s = 28.32 l/s

1 U.S. gal/min = 6.309E-5 c.m/s1 U.S. gal/min = 6.309E-2 l/s

1 U.K. gal/min = 7.576E-5 c.m/s1 U.K. gal/min = 7.576E-2 l/s

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Hydraulic conductivi tyft/S = 0.3048 m/s

U.S. gal/day/ft² = 4.720E-7

Transmissivityft²/S = 9.290E-2 m²/s

U.S. gal/day/ft = 1.438E-7 m²/s

Power GanuPaB 

1 hp(horse power) = 745.700 W(J/s)1 lb/slbf/s = 1.35582 W

Temperature

sItuNðPaB

 

Kelvin(K) =(TF + 459.67)/1.8

Celsius (C) = (TF - 32)/1.8

Fahrenheit (F) = (TC * 1.8) + 32

Water quality KuNPaBTwk 

1 ppm = 1 mg/l1 grain/U.S.gal = 17.1 ppm

1 taf = 735 ppm

Equivalent wt = Atomic wt of ion

of ion = valence of ionmeq/l of ion = ppm of ion/equivalent

1 meg/l = 1 me/l

1 meq/l of cations = 100 EC * 1E+61 ppm = 1.56 EC * 1E+6

Multiplying prefixes BhuKuN 

G giga = 1 000 000 000 = 1E+9

M mega = 1 000 000 = 1E+6

k kilo = 1 000 = 1E+3

h hecto = 100 = 1E+2da deca = 10d deci = 0.1 = 1E-1

c centi = 0.01 = 1E-2

m milli = 0.001 = 1E-3μ micro = 0.000 001 = 1E-6

n nano = 0.000 000 001 = 1E-9

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Modulus of Elasticity m DuleGLasÞc 

Aluminum = 67.6-69 KN/mm2

Brass = 89.6-98.6 KN/mm2

Bronze = 106-114 KN/mm2

Copper = 110-131 KN/mm2Cast Iron = 114 KN/mm2

Wrought Iron = 193 KN/mm2

Steel = 207 KN/mm2Glass = 55.2 KN/mm2

Particle Board = 1.93-2.76 KN/mm2

Soft Wood = 7.24-11.7 KN/mm2Hard Wood = 8.27-18.6 KN/mm2

 Normal concrete = 21-25 KN/mm2

Poisson's Ratio pleFobBr½sug 

Steel = 0.3

Glass = 0.24Concrete = 0.08-.16

Wrought Iron = 0.25

Cast Iron = 0.25Brass = 0.33

Copper = 0.33

Specific Gravity dg;sIetxnic 

Steel = 7.85Aluminum = 2.8Magnesium Alloy = 1.81

Glass Fabric Laminated = 1.5

Asbestos Laminated hVIRb:  UsI um:g;t¾  = 1.8

Portland Cement = 3-3.2

Copper Tg;Edg b¤s<an;  = 8.94

Sand = 2.65

Granite = 2.8

Limestone = 2.2

Marble = 2.7-2.9Sand Stone = 1.9-2.5

Thermal Expansion emKuNrIkkMedA 

Aluminum = 13E-6

Copper = 9E-6Glass (Commercial) = 6-9E-6

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Concrete Brick = 12-13E-6

Granite = 4.6E-6Iron = 7E-6

Rubber (hard) = 44E-6

Steel = 16E-6

Plastic = 2-9E-6Stone = 4E-6

Timber = 4-5E-6

Clay Brick = 5-8E-6

Thermal Conductivi ty emKuNcMlgkMedA 

Steel = 15-22 W/m deg CTimber = 0.1-0.2 W/m deg C

Asbestos (cement Sheets) = 0.43 W/m deg C

Asbestos (Insul. Board) = .108-.115 W/m deg C

Asphalt = 1.22 W/m deg C Normal Concrete Block = 1.1-1.75 W/m deg C

Brick Clay = 0.8-1.0 W/m deg C

Gypsum mñagsila  = 0.16 W/m deg C

Glass = 1.05 W/m deg C

Aluminum = 22.7 W/m deg CCopper = 400 W/m deg C

Plastic = 0.13 W/m deg C

General Constants

Speed of Light in Vacuum = 2.997925E8 m/sGravitational Constant G = 6.670E-11 N-m2/kg2

PI = 3.1415927

e = 2.7182818284Gravitational Acceleration g = 9.81 m/s2

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