Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology...

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Engineering and Facilitation Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha

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Transcript of Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology...

Page 1: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Engineering and FacilitationEngineering and Facilitation

Bob BriggsUniversity of AlaskaDelft University of TechnologyUniversity of Nebraska at Omaha

Page 2: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

http://groupsystems.dist-ed.uaf.eduhttp://groupsystems.dist-ed.uaf.edu

Logins: UAF01 – UAF10Logins: UAF01 – UAF10

Passwords: group! Passwords: group!

Page 3: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Which is Bob’sWhich is Bob’sExciting Secret Identity?Exciting Secret Identity?

• Bob BriggsBob Briggs– Rowed alone across the AtlanticRowed alone across the Atlantic

– Sang with Elvis in ConcertSang with Elvis in Concert

– Invented the InternetInvented the Internet

Page 4: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Photographic EvidencePhotographic Evidence

Elvis

Bob

You ain’ nuttin’ but a hound dog!

You ain’ nuttin’ but a hound dog!

You ain’ nuttin’ but a hound dog!

Page 5: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

BobBob

Rowing aloneRowing alone

in Englandin England

(Which is, in fact, across the Atlantic)(Which is, in fact, across the Atlantic)

Page 6: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Who Is This Bob, Anyway?Who Is This Bob, Anyway?

• Scholar?Scholar?

• Adventurer?Adventurer?

• Snappy dresser?Snappy dresser?

Page 7: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Bob?Bob?

‘‘Ee’s just zis guy, you know?Ee’s just zis guy, you know?

Page 8: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Engineers on Facilitation:Engineers on Facilitation:Who Cares?Who Cares?

• You chose a profession where you You chose a profession where you must work with groupsmust work with groups

• Your first promotion will make you a Your first promotion will make you a group leadergroup leader

• Your promotions will come faster Your promotions will come faster with facilitation skillswith facilitation skills

• Collaboration can be engineeredCollaboration can be engineered

Page 9: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

The Trouble with TeamworkThe Trouble with Teamwork

Waiting to speak

Domination

Fear of Speaking

Misunderstanding

Inattention

Lack of Focus

Inadequate Criteria

Premature Decisions

Missing Information

Distractions

Digressions

Wrong People

Groupthink

Poor Grasp of Problem

Ignored Alternatives

Lack of Consensus

Poor Planning

Hidden Agendas

Conflict

Inadequate Resources

Poorly Defined Goals

POOR

TEAMWORK

Page 10: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

A SolutionA Solution

• Facilitation SkillsFacilitation Skills- Methods and tools for moving Methods and tools for moving

a group toward its goalsa group toward its goals- Efficiently

- Effectively

Page 11: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Engineer’s View of FacilitatorsEngineer’s View of Facilitators

Page 12: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Facilitiator’s View of Facilitiator’s View of EngineersEngineers

Page 13: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Info Access

Deliberation- -

GoalCongruence

Commun-ication

- -- -

Cognitive Effort Over Time

Productivity

Distractions

-

+ +

What Makes A Group Productive?What Makes A Group Productive?

Page 14: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

What Does A Facilitator What Does A Facilitator Really Do?Really Do?

Page 15: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

The value of facilitationThe value of facilitation

• Reduce information overloadReduce information overload

• Reduce communication overloadReduce communication overload

• Structure deliberationStructure deliberation

• Minimize distractionMinimize distraction

• Align Vested InterestsAlign Vested Interests

Page 16: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

The Role of the FacilitatorThe Role of the Facilitator

• To plan for, to monitor for, and to To plan for, to monitor for, and to intervene to improve issues of intervene to improve issues of – CommunicationCommunication– DeliberationDeliberation– Information AccessInformation Access– Goal CongruenceGoal Congruence– DistractionDistraction

Page 17: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Most Valuable Facilitator ContributionMost Valuable Facilitator Contribution

• Help the meeting owner define the Help the meeting owner define the goalgoal– What is the deliverable the group will produce?What is the deliverable the group will produce?– To whom will the deliverable be valuable?To whom will the deliverable be valuable?– What value does it have?What value does it have?– What will be done with it?What will be done with it?

Page 18: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Facilitator TasksFacilitator Tasks

• Establish the goal and deliverablesEstablish the goal and deliverables• Design a process for achieving the Design a process for achieving the

group goalgroup goal• Conduct the process on behalf of the Conduct the process on behalf of the

groupgroup– Keep the focusKeep the focus– Mediate conflictsMediate conflicts

• Distribute DeliverablesDistribute Deliverables

Page 19: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

What do groups really do?What do groups really do?

Page 20: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

General Patterns of CollaborationGeneral Patterns of Collaboration

• GenerateGenerate– Move from fewer to more ideasMove from fewer to more ideas

• ConvergeConverge– Move from more to fewer ideasMove from more to fewer ideas

• OrganizeOrganize– Move from less to more understanidng of relationships Move from less to more understanidng of relationships

among ideasamong ideas

• EvaluateEvaluate– Move from less to more understanding of value of ideasMove from less to more understanding of value of ideas

• Build ConsensusBuild Consensus– Move from fewer to more people willing to commit to a Move from fewer to more people willing to commit to a

proposalproposal

Page 21: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

ThinkLetsThinkLets

• Named, scripted facilitation activities Named, scripted facilitation activities that create known patterns of that create known patterns of collaborationcollaboration

• Building blocks for group process Building blocks for group process designsdesigns

Page 22: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Requirements Negotiation:Requirements Negotiation:A Challenging Domain for EngineersA Challenging Domain for Engineers

Page 23: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Technical Perspective on RequirementsTechnical Perspective on Requirements

• Are requirements complete, Are requirements complete, consistent and correct?consistent and correct?

• Do requirements communicate Do requirements communicate designer’s intent unambiguously?designer’s intent unambiguously?

Page 24: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

The Engineered SwingThe Engineered Swing

Page 25: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

                     

• There is no There is no complete and complete and well-defined set well-defined set of requirements of requirements waiting to be waiting to be discovereddiscovered

Boehm’s Law

Page 26: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

What is a System Requirement?What is a System Requirement?

• That which a stakeholder needs, That which a stakeholder needs, wants, or desires?wants, or desires?

• A formally specified agreement with A formally specified agreement with respect to the projectrespect to the project

Page 27: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Understand ConstraintsUnderstand Constraints

Requirements Requirements depend on depend on available available resources and resources and capabilities.capabilities.

Page 28: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Boehm’s Maxim:

In Engineering ProjectsWin-lose Generally Becomes Lose-lose

Page 29: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Win-Lose Generally Becomes Lose-Lose

Proposed Solution “Winner” Loser

Quick, Cheap, Sloppy Product

Lots of bells and whistles

Driving too hard a bargain

Developer & Customer

Developer & User

Customer & User

User

Customer

Developer

Nobody wins in these situations

Page 30: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

WinWin PerspectiveWinWin Perspective

• Success-critical stakeholders Success-critical stakeholders negotiate and prioritize the negotiate and prioritize the requirementsrequirements

Page 31: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Who Are The Stakeholders?Who Are The Stakeholders?

• CustomersCustomers• UsersUsers• Programmers Programmers • ArchitectsArchitects• Domain ExpertsDomain Experts

• AnalystsAnalysts• MarketingMarketing• SalesSales• ManagementManagement• ……??

Page 32: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Requirements Requirements emerge from a emerge from a process of process of co-operative co-operative learning.learning.

Page 33: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

The Boehm PrincipleThe Boehm Principle

• You don’t know the requirements You don’t know the requirements until the project is finisheduntil the project is finished

Page 34: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

The Project Requirements The Project Requirements MessMess

PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

Page 35: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

An Engineered Requirements ProcessAn Engineered Requirements Process

• FreeBrainstormFreeBrainstorm– What must happen for you to come out of this project a What must happen for you to come out of this project a

winnerwinner

• FastFocusFastFocus– What are the most important win conditionsWhat are the most important win conditions

• LeafHopperLeafHopper– IssuesIssues– OptionsOptions

• HorseTraderHorseTrader– AgreementsAgreements

Page 36: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

People submit and share ideas about

their win conditions using electronic

discussion sheets

Page 37: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Team builds a clean list of win conditions and

organizes win conditions into pre-defined buckets

Page 38: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Red cells indicate lack of Red cells indicate lack of consensus. consensus.

Oral discussion of cell Oral discussion of cell graph reveals unshared graph reveals unshared information, unnoticed information, unnoticed assumptions, hidden assumptions, hidden issues, constraints, etc.issues, constraints, etc.

Page 39: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

“Maybe later” “Low Hanging Fruits”

“Forget them” “Important with

hurdles”After voting,win conditions are displayed in four categories

Page 40: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Issues are captured as subheadings to win conditions

Page 41: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Elaborate OptionsElaborate Options

Options are captured as subheadings to issues

Page 42: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Agreements are captured as subheadings to options and win conditions

Page 43: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Facilitation ResourcesFacilitation Resources

Page 44: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Facilitation ResourcesFacilitation Resources

Mining Group GoldMining Group Gold

Thomas KayserThomas Kayser

Amazon price: $2.50 (Used)Amazon price: $2.50 (Used)

Page 45: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Facilitation ResourcesFacilitation Resources

How to Make Meetings Workby Michael Doyle, David Straus Amazon Price: $0.01 (Used)

Page 46: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Facilitation ResourcesFacilitation Resources

The Skilled FacilitatorThe Skilled Facilitator

By Roger SchwartzBy Roger Schwartz

Amazon Price: $32 (Used)Amazon Price: $32 (Used)

Page 47: Engineering and Facilitation Bob Briggs University of Alaska Delft University of Technology University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Facilitation ResourcesFacilitation Resources

• International Association of International Association of FacilitatorsFacilitators

www.iaf-world.orgwww.iaf-world.org


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