Engineer Fahad Hasan Yousuf Hasan Associates Consulting Engineers Building Services Design Process.

Engineer Fahad Hasan Yousuf Hasan Associates Consulting Engineers

Building Services Design Process

Engr. Fahad Hasan, Y.H.Associates, [email protected]

Building Services

Europe – Building Services

Middle East- MEP Services

Asian Countries – M&E Services


Building Services

Branch of Engineering that combines all the building services in buildings

Services Other than Architectural and Structural


Building Services Engineer

Building Services are what make a building come to life.

A building must do what it is designed to do – not just provide shelter but also be an environment where people can live, work and achieve.

Building Services Engineer is the one who makes that happen


Building Services

Building Services represent 30-50% of the construction costs in buildings

40-50% of the energy consumed are due to buildings

60-80% of the energy consumed in buildings are due to Building Services


Building Services - Background Building Services has a rich history

ASHRE was formed in 1959 by the merger of American Society of Heating and A/C engineers founded in 1894 and American Society of Refrigerating Engineers founded in 1904.

Building Services were formally recognized in 1976 with the formation of “Chartered Institution of Building Services (CIBS). The word “Engineers was added in 1985 to become the “Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE).

ASHRAE and CIBSE has contributed immensely towards the development.


Building Services Engineering ELECTRICAL SERVICES

Lighting Electrical power

distribution Telephone/

communication systems

Fire detection, security & surveillance systems

Lifts/escalators and transportation systems

MECHANICAL SERVICES Air conditioning &

ventilation systems Fire protection Water supply Sewer, waste water

and storm water disposal

Solid waste disposal Acoustics


Building Services Engineering Energy supply – gas, electricity and power Natural and artificial lighting Escalators and lifts Heating and air conditioning Ventilation and refrigeration Water, drainage and plumbing Acoustics Fire detection and protection Security and alarm systems Telephone and IT networks Operation and maintenance


Role of Building Services Engineer

Four distinct areas associated with it Design Manufacture Installation Maintenance Knowledge of (the above +

architecture) makes a complete Building Services Engineer


Role of Building Services Engineer

Building Design Team requires Initial inputs, user requirements Door and window design Site selection – noise levels etc. Location and orientation of the buildings Design of the envelope Planning of internal divisions

Actual Designs to follow


Developments

Building Services Management Facilities Management Water management Lighting Design


Building Services Management

For What ?? Higher energy efficiency Maintain appropriate comfort

levels Higher productivity


Energy Efficiency

DEPENDS ON Building envelope/fabric Building Services Management of building services (often

neglected)


Facilities Management

DEFINITION (of European Committee for Standardization and ratified by British Standards) Facilities Management is the

integration of processes within an organization to maintain and develop the agreed services which support and improve the effectiveness of its primary activities



Areas covered Property Strategy – Quality Policy,

Maintenance Policy, Purchasing Policy, etc. Space Management Communication and Infrastructure

including building fabric Building Maintenance Administration and Contract Management

– including catering, cleaning, mail room, health and safety



PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS The Chartered Institution of Building

Services Engineers, UK (CIBSE) – Facilities Management Group

British Institute of Facility Management (BIFM)

CIBSE and BIFM have joined forces, through signing a MOU, in December 2004 to develop and promote excellence in facilities management practices.


Institution promoting building services

Internationally CIBSE ASHRAE

Locally Pakistan Engineering Council Institution of Engineers Pakistan ASHRAE Pakistan Chapter Pakistan HVACR Society Pakistan Green Building Council


Sustainability

Sustainable development is one that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.



Design of building services proceeds through the following phases. The process is subject to economic and time constraints, to availability of or preferences for certain equipment and to modifications in design criteria as the project progresses Concept Stage Schematic Design Preliminary Design Construction Phase Acceptance of or commission Phase



Concept Stage The functional use of the building, owner

and occupant requirements, architectural concepts and budget limitations are typically determined during this phase. These requirements should be documented in a statement of design intent for the building systems, which is refined and updated as the design progresses. If cold-air distribution is to be considered for the project, it is best to advance the option at this point, so the entire design can be developed to best realize its benefits.



For example, the reduced space required for ductwork may allow revisions to the structural design and substantial cost savings. Reduced duct space may also be a solution for architectural design concepts such as vaulted ceilings. Similarly, if underfloor air distribution is to be considered, this is the time to evaluate that option, because it affects building height and services design.



The concept phase begins when the owner identifies the need for the project and the program is developed. The two end products of the program phase for the services engineer A detailed design intent statement

describing the selected systems A commissioning or implementation plan

outlining the process by which the system will be designed, installed and commissioned



The design team performs a feasibility study to evaluate system options and establish a budget. At the conclusion of the concept phase, the owner selects the desired systems, and the design team produces the design intent statement.



The Owners program includes information to develop the following design criteria: Building area, height and number of stories Geographic site location Building construction materials, area and type

of glazing and insulation levels Conceptual architectural drawings Functions of each area in the building Occupancy and operating schedules Environmental requirements, such as

temperature and humidity set points Process loads, temperature and flow

requirements



Power requirements of the project Life safety analysis which determines the

type of fire fighting system Water requirements of the project Possibilities for future growth or expansion Acoustic requirements Applicable codes and standards Space available for equipment Reliability requirements Budgets for capital costs and operating

costs Sustainability requirements



Schematic Design In this phase, the designer selects and

compares appropriate systems to meet the building’s functional needs and develops recommendations for the owner. This phase typically involves evaluation of the benefits and trade offs of different design approaches.

Annual energy consumption, demand and costs, as well as system installed costs, are estimated.

The level of analysis may range from simple rule of thumb estimates to hour by hour simulations with detailed cost comparisons



Preliminary During this phase, building services

engineer coordinates the MEP systems with architectural and structural systems to resolve potential conflicts.

Building lighting calculations are refined Building power calculations are refined,

detail load schedules are prepared HVAC calculations are refined Equipment sizes and capacities are

selected, System layouts are developed



Final Design and Preparation of Construction Documents In this stage, the preliminary layouts

and equipment selections are fully developed and the final drawings and specifications are completed.

Some projects involve preparing alternative designs, with bids for all options. In such cases, the primary option generally receives the most effort during the design



Construction Phase The design engineer’s

responsibilities during this phase typically include reviewing shop drawings, observing construction, and conducting or witnessing system performance tests.

Contractors may require guidance to ensure that they follow the project specifications rather than their standard methods



Acceptance or Commissioning Phase The term “commissioning” is often

used to refer to the start up and functional performance testing of MEP systems.

Experience has shown that a comprehensive commissioning procedure is essential to the success of a project



5 steps for successful completion of complex building project

Whether it’s a new hospital, renovation of an existing laboratory, or expansion of a manufacturing facility, complex building systems in complex building types are designed to perform at high levels. However, if not commissioned properly, the high-performing facility you thought was being built could be severely underperforming. In fact, a recent study by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory shows that in the U.S. alone, nearly $10 billion is wasted through energy inefficiencies, such as air duct leakages, unbalanced airflow, valve leakages, improper controls setup and so on.

How can you save money and ensure that your complex building is commissioned properly? For starters, there are five simple steps.



1. Start earlyBegin the commissioning process during the pre-design or design stages. Just because the bulk of the commissioning effort takes place after construction completion does not mean that you should wait until then to begin commissioning. The process should start as early as possible and be a collaborative effort among all key stakeholders in the building’s success: owner, architects, engineers, construction manager, subcontractors, building management, and maintenance personnel.



2. Make a clear planCreate a commissioning plan that defines the roles and expectations of each stakeholder throughout the commissioning process. Most subcontractors do not understand what is expected of them during commissioning, drastically slowing the process. Preparing a commissioning plan as early as possible is key to maintaining the speed necessary to complete the project on time with no loss of quality. The plan provides direction during the commissioning process, particularly with regard to issues and details not fully developed during design, such as scheduling, participating parties, lines of reporting and approvals, coordination and so on.

In conjunction, a commissioning matrix can be developed that lists all of the commissioning tasks, who is responsible for their completion, and the timing of those steps, providing a visual document to guide the process. The tasks identified in the matrix include procedures for review and acceptance; requirements for documentation, development and approval of commissioning plans; schedules; and inspection and testing. By taking these steps, the subcontractors’ responsibilities are clarified, making commissioning a much smoother process.



3. Put it into the scheduleCommissioning activities should be built right into the master construction schedule. By incorporating the various commissioning tasks as line items in the master schedule, they are more likely to be completed in the proper sequence for a successful result. Adding commissioning to the master schedule also reinforces each stakeholder’s responsibilities over time, and reemphasizes the collaborative nature of the process by putting commissioning front and center for everyone to see.

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4. Document the processDocumenting each commissioning act—creating a log of performance standards, inspections, testing, and if necessary, corrective actions, for systems and equipment—verifies that all relevant design and construction work meets the objectives established during the pre-design and/or design stages. Detailed binders housing these commissioning logs, known as “turnover packages,” can then be created and maintained to serve as a historical record of the commissioning process for the facility’s systems.



5. Train the operatorsTo ensure consistent building performance on an ongoing basis, it is essential to train the facility staff and management team regarding the correct operating procedures for all systems installed. This effort can include one-on-one training from the equipment manufacturer/vendor and/or the controls contractor, as well as producing manual and video support programs.



Summing it upAlthough not a comprehensive list, these five steps are the cornerstone of a good commissioning process. This effort helps assure owners that:

The project will be successfully completed within schedule parameters.

The facility is fully functional at first occupancy. The building optimizes energy efficiency to reduce operational

costs. Facility managers and maintenance personnel are fully trained

and engaged, creating a better chance that ongoing maintenance is managed, reducing system down time, expenses and so on.

A safer, more comfortable environment is created for workers and guests.

There will be less miscommunication throughout the construction process.

There will be fewer change orders.



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Engineer Fahad Hasan Yousuf Hasan Associates Consulting Engineers Building Services Design Process.

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