Engine Oil Jason Dearden Steven Lemos Engineering 45 Santa Rosa Junior College Spring 2009.
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Transcript of Engine Oil Jason Dearden Steven Lemos Engineering 45 Santa Rosa Junior College Spring 2009.
Engine OilEngine Oil
Jason DeardenJason DeardenSteven LemosSteven LemosEngineering 45Engineering 45
Santa Rosa Junior College Santa Rosa Junior College Spring 2009 Spring 2009
What Is Engine Grade OilWhat Is Engine Grade Oil
American Petroleum Institute (API)American Petroleum Institute (API)Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
A Brief History of Motor OilA Brief History of Motor Oil
1846 Crude oil refining process discovered1846 Crude oil refining process discovered
Single Grade oilSingle Grade oil
Multi Grade oilMulti Grade oil
Synthetic oil first sold commercially in 1970Synthetic oil first sold commercially in 1970
PropertiesProperties
PhysicalPhysical
Flash PointFlash Point
Pour PointPour Point
ViscosityViscosity
ChemicalChemical
Basic propertiesBasic properties
DetergentsDetergents
ViscosityViscosity
Viscosity is the Viscosity is the measure of a fluids measure of a fluids resistance to flow resistance to flow
How to measure How to measure viscosity viscosity
Units: Units: Dynamic: Pa-s, Dynamic: Pa-s,
Kinematic: Stokes (St)Kinematic: Stokes (St)
Viscosity KinematicDensity
Viscosity Dynamic
Viscosities of common fluids: Viscosities of common fluids: (At 25(At 25°C°C) )
Viscosity (Pa·s) Viscosity (cPoise)
acetone 3.06 × 10−4 0.306
benzene 6.04 × 10−4 0.604
blood (37 °C) 3–4 × 10−3
3–4
castor oil 0.985 985
corn syrup 1.3806 1380.6
ethanol 1.074 × 10−3 1.074
ethylene glycol 1.61 × 10−2 16.1
glycerol 1.5 1500
HFO-380 2.022 2022
mercury 1.526 × 10−3 1.526
methanol 5.44 × 10−4 0.544
nitrobenzene 1.863 × 10−3 1.863
liquid nitrogen @ 77K 1.58 × 10−4 0.158
propanol 1.945 × 10−3 1.945
olive oil 0.081 81
pitch 2.3 × 108 2.3 × 1011
sulfuric acid 2.42 × 10−2 24.2
water 8.94 × 10−4 0.894
Single Grade oil ViscositySingle Grade oil Viscosity
Multi Grade Oil viscosity index improvers Multi Grade Oil viscosity index improvers (VII)(VII)
CCS=Cold Cranking Simulator=ease of engine cranking while cold
MRV=Mini Rotary Viscometer=Low temperature pumpability
SAE W viscosity grades for engine oils
Grade cranking pumping
0w 3250cP at -30°C 60,000cP at -40°C
5w 3500cP at -25°C 60,000cP at -35°C
10w 3500cP at -20°C 60,000cP at -30°C
15w 3500cP at -15°C 60,000cP at -25°C
20w 4500cP at -10°C 60,000cP at -20°C
25w 6000cP at -5°C 60,000cP at -15°C
SAE viscosity grades for engine oils
Grade low shear high shear
20 5.6 - 9.3 cSt at 100°C 2.6 cP at 150°C
30 9.3 - 12.5 cSt at 100°C 2.9 cP at 150°C
40a 12.5 - 16.3 cSt at 100°C 2.9 cP at 150°C
40b 12.5 - 16.3 cSt at 100°C 3.7 cP at 150°C
50 16.3 - 21.9 cSt at 100°C 3.7 cP at 150°C
60 21.9 - 26.1 cSt at 100°C 3.7 cP at 150°C
a (0w-40, 5w-40, 10w-40 grades) b (15w-40, 20w-40, 25w-40, 40 grades)
Cold Temp
Running Temp
How Do Combustion Engines Work?How Do Combustion Engines Work?
A General Combustion Engines take A General Combustion Engines take the Linear motion of a piston and the Linear motion of a piston and convert it into Rotation. You can convert it into Rotation. You can see the piston moving side to see the piston moving side to side, connected to the piston is side, connected to the piston is the rod, which is then connected the rod, which is then connected to the Crank, which delivers your to the Crank, which delivers your rotation to whatever you need it rotation to whatever you need it for. You get the piston to move for. You get the piston to move by combusting fuel and air by combusting fuel and air creating a high pressure forcing creating a high pressure forcing the piston down on the “power the piston down on the “power stroke”. An engine speed is stroke”. An engine speed is rated in RPM (Revolutions per rated in RPM (Revolutions per Minute). Minute).
Crank Rod Piston Combustion Chamber
Why do engines need oilWhy do engines need oil Lubrication of moving partsLubrication of moving partsEngines move anywhere from 2000RPM-6000RPM in Engines move anywhere from 2000RPM-6000RPM in
Street vehicles and up to 19,000RPM + in Race Street vehicles and up to 19,000RPM + in Race Engine. Parts would not last with metal to metal Engine. Parts would not last with metal to metal contact. You need a barrier between parts to cut down contact. You need a barrier between parts to cut down friction, oil is your barrier. friction, oil is your barrier.
CoolingCoolingOil also acts as a heatsink for the engine, and as stated Oil also acts as a heatsink for the engine, and as stated
above, you need oil to cut down friction, if there was above, you need oil to cut down friction, if there was no oil the heat caused from friction would be enough no oil the heat caused from friction would be enough to destroy any engine.to destroy any engine.
CleaningCleaningOil acts in another way, it removes dust Oil acts in another way, it removes dust
particles that enter the engine, and some particles that enter the engine, and some of the carbon build up in the engine. This is of the carbon build up in the engine. This is one of the reasons it is important to change one of the reasons it is important to change your oil.your oil.
So, what happens to an engine So, what happens to an engine without oil???without oil???
Engine SeizesEngine Seizes Parts wear out very rapidlyParts wear out very rapidly Catastrophic failuresCatastrophic failures Holes in Engine BlocksHoles in Engine Blocks
Questions?Questions?