Engine launching conference BRGM - Orleans 13. – 16.02.2006

Trigeneration with geothermal energy

Potentials and pitfalls of combined supply with power, heating, and cooling

S. Köhler1, S. Kranz1, A. Saadat1, Felix Ziegler2

1GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) 2Technical University of Berlin (TUB)

Trigeneration with geothermal energy

Temperature of the heat source 100 °C – 250 °C

Limited capacity, depending on temperature and mass flow rate

Products Power Cooling Heating

Large office buildings District heating & cooling

systems Airports Indoor pools / water parks

Benefits Improve exploitation Improve cost-effectiveness Reduce environmental

impacts

Power plant Cooling station Heating station

Subsystems and their Components

Power plant

Subsystems and their Components

> 120 C°

power plantT

s

waste heatpower

brine outTb,out

Subsystems and their Components

-

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0 50 100 150 200

return temperature of the brine Tbout (°C)

effic

ienc

y

100 °C150 °C200 °C

Tbrine

-

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0 50 100 150 200

return temperature of the brine Tbout (°C)

effic

ienc

y

100 °C150 °C200 °C

Tbrine

-

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0 50 100 150 200

return temperature of the brine Tbout (°C)

effic

ienc

y

100 °C150 °C200 °C

Tbrine

cooling station

waste heatcooling

> 100 C°

T

s

Base load Power plant Absorption chiller

Peak load Grid Compression chiller

Subsystems and their Components

heating station

T

QH

THW,in

THW,outTH1

TH2

heating

Base load Power plant Absorption chiller Heat exchanger (Heat pump)

Peak load Grid Compression chiller Furnace

Subsystems and their Components

Trigeneration from Fossil Fuel

power

heating

cooling

fuel

flue gas

gas turbine

recoveryboiler

steam

Simultaneous production of useful energies!

Coupling of the Subsystems

heating station

T

QH

THW,in

THW,outTH1

TH2

heating

cooling station

waste heatcooling

T

s

power plantT

s

waste heatpower

Serial Not necessarily simultaneous production

Coupling of the Subsystems

heating station

T

QH

THW,in

THW,outTH1

TH2

heating

cooling station

waste heatcooling

T

s

power plantT

s

waste heatpower

Parallel Subsystems compete

power plantT

s

waste heatpower

heating station

T

QH

THW,in

THW,outTH1

TH2

heating

cooling station

waste heatcooling

T

s

Coupling of the Subsystems

Seasonal variation

Coupling of the Subsystems

Simultaneous production!

power plantT

s

waste heat

power

heating station

T

QH

THW,in

THW,outTH1

TH2

heating

cooling station

waste heatcooling

T

s

“Efficient Low Temperature Geothermal Binary Power” (LOW-BIN)

Heating and Power

Examples

heating station

T

QH

THW,in

THW,outTH1

TH2

heating

power plantT

s

waste heatpower

Husavik

Heating and Power

Examples

heating station

T

QH

THW,in

THW,outTH1

TH2

heating

power plantT

s

waste heatpower

Altheim

Heating and Power

Examples

Neustadt-Glewe

heating station

T

QH

THW,in

THW,outTH1

TH2

heating

power plantT

s

waste heatpower

Heating and Power

HusavikAltheimNeustadt-Glewe

Examples

Cooling

Alaska Ice Hotel (double lift absorption chiller)

Trigeneration?

In search of the Optimum Design

PotentialGeothermal

Base load energyRenewablePredictable

TrigenerationPower (Tbrine > 120 °C)

Cooling (Tbrine > 100 °C)

Heating

Challenge Subsystems compete Subsystems interact Distribution of geothermal

heat is necessary Installed capacity (design) Time (Controls)

Consider changes of mass flow rate or temperature of the brine

Consider technical and economical aspects

R&D Fields

Supply

ComponentsMaterialsHeat transferTurbo machinery

SubsystemSpecific design

requirementsSize of the single

componentsPart load behaviour

SystemDesign Measuring and controls

Demand

Geothermal is restricted to certain temperature rangesArchitectureDistrict heating / cooling

system

Legal issues, administrative aspects