Engine de Sine

ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk ouq;= ;dCI◊l m%ldYk

fudagr® r: oekqu -3fudagr® r: oekqu -3fudagr® r: oekqu -3fudagr® r: oekqu -3fudagr® r: oekqu -3 fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚kafudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚kafudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚kafudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚kafudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚ka

frdg˙ Tfgda ix.uh u.ska YS% ,dxlSlfudagr® ldr®ñlhska oekqj;a ls¯ug fhdod .;a udr®.lsysmhlau fõ' i;sm;d m%pdrh jqkq .=jka ú≥,s jevigyka" fkdñf,a mj;ajk ,o iïuka;%K" udisl

;dCI◊l iÛrd m< ls˙u" iy Wiia fudagr® r: ;dCIKhms<sn|j isxyf,ka .%ka: m< ls¯u" wka;r®cd,fha ;dCIK fjíwvúhla mj;ajdf.k hdu " mqj;a m;a u.ska ;dCIK ,sms b†˙m;als¯u bka lsysmhls' fuhg wu;rj kqf.af.dv" frdg˙ TfgdafÜ%kska wdh;kh u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk Wiia fudagr® r: ;dCI◊slmdGud,djkao fõ' oekg kùk fudagr® r: j, fhfok Wiiafudagr® r: ;dCIK ms<sn|j mdGud,djka mj;ajk tlu wdh;khofuh fõ' fuu.ska YS% ,xld .=jka yuqodj" YS% ,xld jrdh wêld˙hjeks wdh;kj,g mjd wms Wiia ;dCIK mdGud,d ,nd fokafkuq'

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hkq,enqj;a wm ix.ufha we;s tlu úfYaI;ajh foaYSh fyda úfoaYShwdh;khlska tfukau rcfhka fyda lsisu wdOdrhla fkd,nd ;ksmqoa., úhofuka by; fiajdjka ish,a, mj;ajdf.k hduhs' fuuW;aidyhka ;=,ska wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka m˙irhg msgfjkúI ≥u wju ls¯ug kùk r:j, fhdod we;s m˙.Kl md,kfhkahq;a ixlSr®K tñIka fldkafg%da,a moaO;s ms<sn|j ldr®ñlhskaoekqj;a lr Tjqka w;ska tu moaO;s j,g is≥úh yels ydks j<lajkw;ru tajd fyd| ls%hdld˙;ajfhka hq;=j mj;ajd .ekquhs' wmix.uh u.ska ouq;= ;dCI◊sl m%ldYk wdh;kh msysgjkq ,enqfõldr®ñlhska fj; tu oekqu uqøs; udOHfhka ,nd°ugh' fï hgf;awm wdrïN l, fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu fmd;a fm< u.skaúfYaIfhkau W;aidy f.k we;af;a foaYSh ldr®ñlhska yg wjYHtu ;dCI◊l oekqu Tjqkg jgyd.; yels wdldrhg b;du;air, f,iska isxyf,ka ,nd°uhs' fï tu jHdmamD;sfha f;jkW;aidyhhs'

wOHCI$ frdg˙ Tfgda ix.uh'

fudagr® r: fmg%,atka‚ka

fudagr® r: ±kqu-03

Wankel Rotary Engine

ã'tï'tï'oikdhl

fuu fjí wvúfha tka‚ka fglafkdf,d‚ hgf;a b†˙m;a lr we;s ishΩu fjí msgqj, wvx.= ishΩ lreKqfuu fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚ka hk .%ka:fhka Wmqgd .kakd ,°' fï hgf;a kùk fmg%,a tka‚ka ksr®udK fukau tajdfhafiajdjkao b†˙m;a lr we;s w;r idudkH isjqmyr " fomyr tka‚ka isg jkal,a frdg˙ tka‚ka olajd úia;r lr;sfí'



tka‚ula hkq l=ulao@

hka;% iQ;% ls%hdlrùu i|yd wjYH pd,l Yla;sh ,nd

.kakd tla Wmdx.hla f,i tka‚u wmg ye¢kaúh yelsh' ta wkqj

fudagrhlska ,nd .kakd ldr®hhg iudk ldr®hhla tka‚ulskao is≥

fjhs' fudagrh ls%hdlrùug ú≥,sh wjYH jkjdfiau tka‚ula

ls%hdlrùug bkaOk ±ùu wjYHfjhs'

fudagrhlska fukau tka‚ulskao is≥ jkafka N%uk

p,s;hla ,nd .ekqu jqj;a fudagrhla fhdok iEu ia:dkhlgu

tka‚ula fh°u;a tka‚ula fhdok iEu ia:dkhlgu fudagrhla

fh°u;a l, fkdyels fjhs' we;eï ldr®hhka lsysmhla i|yd

muKla fï folu fhdod .; yelsh' ksoiqkla f,i ,s|la biSug

fhdod .kakd j;=r fmdïmhla fudagrhlska fukau tka‚ulskao

ls%hdlrúh yelsh' tfy;a uyk ueIsula iS,ska *Eka tlla jeks

fohla tka‚ulska ls%hdlrùu wmyiqh' tka‚ulska msgfjk úI

msgdr jdhqj" Yíoh" mk .ekaùfï wmyiq;djh" ksIamdok úhou

by< hdu" fhdod .ekSfï wmyiq;djh jeks lreKq rdYshla ta

fjkqfjka fmkajd †h yelsh'

hdka;S%l ls%hdj,shla ,nd.; hq;= iEu wjia:djla i|ydu

tka‚ula fhdod .; fkdyelsjdla fukau fndfyda p,k ls%hdld˙;ajhka

i|yd fudagrho fhdod.; fkdyels fjhs' úfYaIfhkau c,fha"

.+jfkaa fukau f.dvìu Odjkh jk ishΩu hdk jdyk fudagr

fhdod .ekqu wmyiq wjia:d f,i oelaúh yel' tajd fudagr u.ska

ls%hdlrúh fkdyels m%Odk;u fya;=j ta i|yd wjYH úYd, ú≥,s

Odrdjka msg;ska ,nd°u wmyiq ùuhs' tfy;a ksh; udr®.hl .uka

lrk ksid ≥ï˙h Odjkh i|yd muKla ú≥,s fudagr fhdod .ekqu

is≥fjhs' flfia kuq;a ú≥,s fudagr iys; jdyk iqΩ jYfhka oelsh

yels kuq;a tyso ú≥,sh ksmojd .ekqug tka‚ulao Ndú;d fjhs'

iEu tka‚ulskau is≥jkafka ;dm Yla;sh hdka;% Yla;shg

yerùuhs' ta i|yd wjYH ;dmh bkaOk oeùfuka is≥fjhs' fuf,i

ksmojqkq tka‚ka jr®. rdYshlau Ndú;fha we;s kuq;a ta w;=˙ka

tka‚ula f,i uq,skau y∫kajd ≥ka yqud, iy óf;aka jeks .Eia

u.ska ls%hdl, tka‚ka wo iïmQr®Kfhkau Ndú;fhka bj;aj ;sfnk

w;r ãi,a iy fmg%,a bkaOk f,i fhdod .kakd tka‚ka jr®.

muKla Ndú;fha mj;S' fuu fmg%,a tka‚ka fndfyduhla iqΩ

kùlrK u.ska LP .Eia u.skao ls%hdlrùu is≥fjhs'

wo Ndú;d jk tka‚ka ish,a, wNHka;r oyk tka‚ka

(Internal combustion engine) f,i ye¢kajqj;a we;a;jYfhkautu ye¢kaùu t;rï iq≥iq fkdfjhs' wdrïNfha lr®udka; Yd,d iy

≥ï˙h i|yd fhdod .;a yqud, tka‚u ls%hdlrùug wjYH yqud,h

,nd .ekqug .,a wÛ=re fyda or oykh lr c,h r;a ls¯u

tka‚ug m˙ndysrj is≥jqkq w;r miqj ksmojqkq fmg%,a tka‚u

ls%hdlrùug bkaOk oykh tka‚u ;=,u is≥jqks' fï wkqj fuu

tka‚ka fojr®.h fjkalr y∫kd .ekqug fmg%,a tka‚u wNHka;r

yqud,hyqud,hyqud,hyqud,hyqud,h

c,hc,hc,hc,hc,h

.skaor

msiagkhmsiagkhmsiagkhmsiagkhmsiagkh

frdaohfrdaohfrdaohfrdaohfrdaoh

ndysr oyk tka‚ula jk yqud, tka‚u

oyk tka‚u f,i;a tka‚fuka m˙ndysrj

oykh is≥l, yqud, tka‚u ndysr oyk

tka‚u f,i;a jr®. flre◊' tfy;a fuu

ndysr oyk tka‚ka Ndú;fhka

iïmQr®Kfhkau bj;aj f.dia Y;l

.Kkdjla jk neúka oekg Ndú;fha we;s

tka‚ka wNHka;r oyk tka‚ka f,i ;j

≥rg;a ye¢kaùu lsis fia;au wjYH

fkdjkakls' ukao ndysr oyk tka‚ka

wNHka;r oyktkacsu

msiagkamsiagkamsiagkamsiagkamsiagka

bkaOkkaOkkaOkkaOkkaOkoykhoykhoykhoykhoykh

��

01 jk m˙Éf√oh



tka‚ul uQ,sl ls%hdld˙;ajh wdldr follg is≥ fjhs'

fuys° gr®nhska iy jkal,a tkï frdg˙ tka‚ka j, ;dm Yla;sh

pd,l Yla;sh njg yrjk msiagkh fjkqjg ls%hdlrk frdgrh

tlu w;g jD;a;dldr f,i ls%hd lrk w;r thska gr®nhska tka‚ka

wo .=jka hdkd iy úYd, úoHq;a ckl i|yd muKla iSudù mj;S'

frdg˙ tka‚ka wo fudagr® r: i|yd fhdod .ekqko ta b;d ≥Ω

jYfhks' fuys wfkl=;a jr®.h frisfm%dflaáka (Reciprocating)tka‚ka kñka ye|skafjhs' tys° ;dm Yla;sh pd,l Yla;sh njg

yrjk msiagka by< my< ls%hdls¯u ksid fuu ku thg fhdod

;sfnhs' tka‚fï is,skavr yria w;g iúj we;akï fuu p,kh

by< my< fkdj ;sria w;g tyd fuyd ls%hd;aul fjhs' fuf,i

;ria f,i fyda ;ria f,i .uka lrk p,kh jD;a;dldr

p,khlg m;a ls¯u is≥ jkafka oÛr l| (Crankshaft) u.sks'flfia fyda wo fudagr® r: j, fukau wfkl=;a hka;% iQ;% ls%hdlrùu

i|yd iïmQr®Kfhkau fhdod .efkkafka fuf,i msiagka by< my<

.uka lrk tka‚ka neúka fïjd frisfm%dflaáka kñka fjkalr

ye¢kaùugo t;rï wjYH;djhla ke;' ukao wo Ndú;djk

ishΩu tka‚ka fuu frisfm%dflaáka jr®.hg wh;a neúks'

wo fudagr® r:j, fhdod .kafka by;ska úia;r l,

wNHka;r oyk iys; frisfm%dflaáka jr®.fha tka‚ka jqj;a ;j

≥rg;a tajd m%Odk jr®. lsysmhlg fn° hhs' fuu tka‚ka isjq myr

fudagr® r: tka‚ka

fmg%,a fukau ãi,a hk

bkaOk foflkau ls%hdlrkq

,nhs' idudkHfhka nr

jdyk i|yd ãi,a tka‚ka

fhdod .efkk w;r

ieye,a¨ r: i|yd fmg%,a

tka‚ka fhdod .efkhs'

tfy;a ãi,a bkaOkh ñf,ka

wvqùu;a" tu tka‚ka j,ska

msg fjk úI ≥u fmg%,a

tka‚ka j,g jvd wju

ùu;a ksid wo ieye,a¨

fudagr® ldr® iy jEka r:j,o

nyq,j ãi,a tka‚u fhdod

.efkhs'

iy fomyr (4 stroke & 2 stroke) f,i uq,slj jr®. follgfnfok w;r fuys myrla hkq msiagkh is,skavr fndarh ;=, my<

isg by<g fyda by< isg my<g .uka lrk tla .ukaa jdrhls'

fï fojr®.h w;r we;s m%Odk fjki isjq myr iys; tka‚ka j,

msiagkh by< my< hk jdr 4 lg tla n, myrla f,io fomyr

tka‚ka j, msiagkh by< tk iEu jdrhl°u tkï myr follg

jrla n, myrla we;s ls¯uhs' tfy;a fï w;=˙ka fomyr tka‚ka

fudagr® r: j,ska iïmQr®Kfhkau bj;aj we;s w;r wo th fudagr®

ihsl,a iy ;S% ù,r jeks ieye,a¨ r:j, muKla fhdod .efkhs'

fudagr® r:j,ska fuu fomyr tka‚ka bj;aj hdug tla fya;=jla

jQfha tys iafkayk f;,a fmg%,a iuÛ ñY%lr ,nd°u ;=,ska msgdr

jdhqfõ úI≥u wju ls¯u wmyiq ùuhs' fï wkqj tla tla rgj,a

u.ska ;u rgj,g wdkhk lrk r: i|yd mkjd we;s msgdr

úIjdhq m%;sY; m%ñ;s w.hka blaujd hdu ksid fomyr tka‚ka

iïmQr®Kfhkau fudagr® r:j,ska bj;aj ;sfnhs'

frdgrs tkacsul ksr®udKhfrdgrs tkacsul ksr®udKhfrdgrs tkacsul ksr®udKhfrdgrs tkacsul ksr®udKhfrdgrs tkacsul ksr®udKhfrisfm%dflaáskafrisfm%dflaáskafrisfm%dflaáskafrisfm%dflaáskafrisfm%dflaáskatkacsul ksr®udKhtkacsul ksr®udKhtkacsul ksr®udKhtkacsul ksr®udKhtkacsul ksr®udKh

frdagrhfrdagrhfrdagrhfrdagrhfrdagrh

msiagkamsiagkamsiagkamsiagkamsiagka

frdgrs iy frisfm%dflaáka tkacska ksr®udK

ãi,a iy fmg%,a tka‚kaj, hdka;S%l ls%hdld˙;ajh tl

iudk jqj;a fuu tka‚ka fojr®.h i|ydu ksmojk n,h WmrSu

whqrska mj;ajd .ekqug gr®fnda pdcr l%uh miqj fhdod .kakd ,°'

idudkHfhka tka‚ulg wjg jd;h weo .ekSu is≥ jkafka msiagkh

is,skavrh ;=, my<g .uka ls¯fï° we;sfjk ̇ la;h u.ska wjg

jd;h weo .ekqfuks' tkï fuys° is,skavr ;=,g jd;h .uka

jd;h

gr®fnda pdcrhla

��

iïmQr®Kfhkau bj;aj f.dia we;s w;r wo fhdod .kakd ishΩu

tka‚ka wNHka;r oyk tka‚ka f,i ksr®udKh jk neúks'



lrkafka wjg jd; mSvkh ksidfjks' fï ksid fuu tka‚ka

Natural Aspirated engines f,i ye¢kafjhs' idudkH

jHjydrfha† NA Engine kñka flá lr tajd ye|skafjhs' fïw;r gr®fnda l%ufha° is≥ jQfha tka‚ug weo.kakd jd;hu wu;r

íf,dajrhla yryd mSvkh lr° tka‚ka n,h jeä ls¯uhs' fuu

gr®fnda l%uh ãi,a iy fmg%,a tka‚ka fojr®.h i|ydu tlf,i

fhdod .efkhs'

wdrïNfha b;d ir, f,i ksr®udKh jqkq fudagr® r:

tka‚ka l%u l%ufhka bf,lafg%dksla md,khg;a bka fkdkej;S

mrs.Kl md,khg;a wo hg;aj mj;shs' tkacsul uq,skau

bf,lafg%dksla md,khg m;ajQfha tys b.aksIka moaO;shhs' th l%u

l%ufhka oshKq ù mrs.Kl md,k b.aksIka moaO;shla olajd †hqKq

úh' fuhg iu.dñ f,i tka‚fï ldìhqfr®grh fjkqjg

bf,lafg%dksla md,k bkafclaIka moaO;so fhdod .ekqu fuys°

is≥úh' tho k;r jQfha wjidkfha m˙.Kl md,k bkafclaIka

moaO;s olajd †hqKq ùfuks' fï wkqj tka‚fï b.aksIka iy

bkafclaIka moaO;s i|yd m˙.Kl md,k tall folla fhdod

.ekqks' tfy;a wo fuu m˙.Kl folu ;ks tallhla njg m;alr

we;s w;r bkamiq fuu tka‚ka y∫kajkq ,enqfõ fudfg%dksla

(Motronic) tka‚ka hkqfjks'

ãi,a tka‚kao wo m˙.Kl md,kfhka hq;a bf,lafg%dksla

md,k tall yryd md,kh fjhs' ãi,a tka‚ka i|yd fuf,i

bf,lafg%dksl ;dCIKh fhdod .ekSfuka tys .jkr md,kh;a

ghsur® md,kh;a m˙.Kl md,kh olajd †hqKq lr we;' fmg%,a

tka‚ka i|yd bf,lafg%dksla ;dCIKh fhdod .ekSfuka ldìhqfr®gr

l%uh iy idudkH b.aksIka l%uh bj;a lr m˙.Kl md,kfhka

hq;a fudfg%dksla ;dCIKh olajd †hqKq lr we;' ;jo fuu ixlSr®K

tka‚ka md,k moaO;sj, we;s fodaIo tu m˙.Kl u.skau ksYaph

lr wΩ;ajeähdjka j,° ldr®ñlhska yg ,ndfokq ,efí'

by; wdldrhg tka‚ug muKla fkdj fudagr® r:fha

wfkl=;a moaO;sj,go wo m˙.Kl ;dCIKh tlaj ;sfnhs' tfy;a

fuu ;dCIKh ;=, tla ryila .eíj we;' thdr® nE.a jeks

wΩ;skau fudagr® r: i|yd tlajqkq moaO;s yereKq fldg fmr isg

meje;s moaO;s i|yd miqj m˙.Kl ;dCIKh fhdod we;akï thg

fya;=j fmr meje;s tu moaO;s j, ms<shï fkdue;s fodaI .eíj

;sîuhs' wjidkfha tajdg bf,lafg%dksla ;dCIKh u.ska fh¥ ms<shï

ksid m˙.Kl md,k fuu kj moaO;s ìysj we;' ksoiqkla f,i

fí%la moaO;s j, .eíj ;snQ fodaI i|yd fh¥ m˙.Kl md,k

;dCIKh ;=,ska ABS fí%la moaO;s ìys úh' ta wdldrhg Tfgda .shr"mjr® iaàh˙ka" iiafmkaIka jeks moaO;s i|ydo bf,lafg%dksla

;dCIKh fhdod we;' tfy;a ä*rkai,h" uekqj,a .shr fmáá

jeks moaO;s lsysmhlg bf,lafg%dksla ;dCIKh uqiqlr ke;af;a

tajdfha wdrïNfha isgu ksr®udKfha lsis fodaIhla fkdjqkq neúks'

by; wdldrhg fmg%,a tka‚ula .;fyd;a tys ldìhqfr®gr

l%ufha ;snQ fodaI ksid wo ldìhqfr®grh iïmQr®Kfhkau kùk

r:j,ska bj;alr ta fjkqjg ixlSr®K fmg%,a bkafclaIka l%u fhdod

;sfnhs' fï wdldrhgu CB fmdhskaÜ iys; b.aksIka l%uho bj;ajta fjkqjg bf,lafg%dksla md,k b.aksIka moaO;s fhdod ;sfnhs'

tfy;a l%EkalaId*aÜ" msiagka" fnhd˙ka jeks fldgia tl;= lr

ilial, isjq myr hdka;%kh tod isg wo olajd w;s kùk r:j,

mjd ta wdldrfhkau lsis≥ fjkila fkdlr fhdod .efkhs' ta tys

ksr®udKfha lsis fodila fkd;snQ fyhsks' tfy;a fuys jE,aõ iy

jE,aõ ls%hdld˙;aj hdka;%kfha muKla hï hï fjkialï lr

;sfnhs' ta tu ls%hdld˙;ajfha muKla hï hï fodaI .eíj ;snqkq

neúks' ghsñka fÉka fjkqjg ghsñka fn,aÜ fh°u" idudkH gemÜ

l%uh fjkqjg yhsfv%d,sla nlÜ gemÜ fhdod .ekqu" ́ jr® fyâ lEï

l%u jeks kùlrK ta i|yd ksoiqka fõ' fuu .%ka:fhka úia;r

flfrkafka tka‚ul isjq myr ls%hdld˙;ajhg wod, fuu hdka;S%l

fldgia iy tajdfha fiajdjka muKla jk w;r kùlrKh jQ

bkafclaIka" b.aksIka jeks wfkl=;a moaO;s fudagr® ldr®ñl oekqu

-2" 3 jeks b†˙ .%ka: ;=,ska b†˙m;a flfrkq we;'

��

kùk r:j, fhdod .kakd fudfg%dksla tka‚ula



fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚u

wo fudagr® r:j, fmg%,a fukau ãi,a tka‚kao tlf,i

fhdod .efkk w;r fuys olajd we;af;a idudkH r:hl fhdod

.efkk fmg%,a tka‚uls' fuh we;=,; fldgia ±lafjk f,i ilia

l, lemqï Ñ;%hls' isjq myr ls%hdld˙;ajh hgf;a is,skavr y;rla

iys;j ksr®udKh lr we;s fuu tka‚fï ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd ;j;a

ls%hdld¯ moaO;s lsysmhlu iyh wjYH fjhs' tkï fuys

ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh ,nd°ug ldìhqfr®gr fyda

fmg%,a bkafclaIka moaO;shla wjYH fjhs' tu ñY%Kh .sks oe,aùu

i|yd b.aksIka weâjdkaia fldaK md,kho iys; b.aksIka

moaO;shla fh†h hq;=fjhs' ó<Ûg fuu tka‚fï ls%hdld¯

fldgiaj, >r®Ikh wvq lr .ekqug;a tajdfha l,a meje;aug;a

is,skavr 4 la iys; fmg%,a tka‚u

02 jk m˙Éf√oh

iafkayk moaO;shlao wjYH fjhs' fï w;r fuu tka‚u

ls%hdlrùfï° tys ls%hdld¯ WIaK;aj w.h by< f.dia tka‚ug

ydks meñ◊h yels neúka jeä ;dmh bj;a ls¯ug tka‚ka isis,k

moaO;shlao wjYH fjhs' wjidk jYfhka iagdgr® fudagrhla iy

th ls%hdlrùug neg˙hla fukau tu neg˙h wdfrdamkh i|yd

´,agfkagrhla fyda vhskfudajlao fuhg iïnkaO l, hq;=fjhs'

by; i|yka lf,a tka‚ul ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd wjYH

jk iydhl moaO;s lsysmhla jk w;r fuys° uQ,sl f,i is≥úh

hq;= isjq myr ls%hdld˙;ajh i|yd wjYH msiagka" lfklaáka frdâ"

l%EkalaId*aÜ iy leï o~q" bka,Ü iy tlaiafydaiaÜ jE,aõ hkd°

fldgia tka‚ka n|g;a is,skavr fyâ tlg;a iúj ;sfnhs' uq,skau

fuu isjqmyr ls%hdld˙;ajh y∫kdf.k bkamiq tu ls%hdld˙;ajhg

wjYH hdka;S%l fldgia wOHhkh lruq' fï i|yd ;ks is,skavr

tka‚ula uq,skau ksoiqkg f.k miqj nyq is,skavr tka‚ka i|yd

fhduq ùu jvd;a myiq fjhs'

fudagr® ihsl,a iy ;S% ù,r® jeks ieye,a¨ jdyk j, wmg

;ks is,skavr fmg%,a tka‚ka nyq,j oelsh yel' fïjd fomyr fyda

isjq myr (2 stroke or 4 stroke) f,iska ksr®udKh ù ;sfnkakg

mqΩjk' tfy;a fuys° uq,skau wms wOHhkh i|yd f;dardf.k

we;af;a isjq myr ;ks is,skavr tka‚uls' thg fya;=j wo fudagr®

r:j, iïmQr®Kfhkau isjq myr tka‚ka muKlau Ndú;d jk

neúks' fuu fomyr tka‚ka iafkaykh i|yd fmg%,a bkaOkh

iuÛu iafkayk f;,ao iemfhk neúka fuu tka‚ka j,ska msgfjk

msgdr jdhqj úI iys; ùu th fudagr® r:j,ska bj;aùug m%Odk

fya;=jla úh' bkamiq th fudagr® ihsl,a iy ;S% ù,r® jeks ieye,a¨

jdyk i|yd fhdod .ekqk;a ta i|ydo m˙ir fõ°kaf.a úfrdaOh

t,a, fjñka mj;shs'

tka‚ka ls%hdld˙;ajh wOHhkh i|yd isjq myr

ls%hdld˙;ajfhka hq;a ;ks is,skavr tka‚ulau uq,skau fhdod .kq

,enqfõ nyq is,skavr tka‚ulg jvd th ir, neúka th wmf.a

wOHhkhg myiqjla jk neúks' nyq is,skavr tka‚ka ksr®udKh

ù we;af;ao fuu ;ks is,skavr isjq myr tka‚ka lsysmhla fmd≥

tka‚ka n|lg f.k tajdg fmd≥ l%Ekala iy lEï Id*aÜ jeks fldgia

iú ls¯fuka neúka uq,skau ir, f,i ksujqkq ;ks is,skavr tka‚ula

wOHhkh lr bkamiq fuu nyq is,skavr tka‚ka wOHhkhg .ekSu

jvd;a myiqjla jkq we;'

��



■ isjq myfr® tka‚u /4 STROKE ENGINE

ldìhqfr®grh

bka,Ü ueksf*da,aâ

tka‚ka íf,dla

msiagka

lfkalaáka frdâ

*a,hsù,a

l%Ekala l|

lEï ù,a

lEï Id*aÜ

mqIa frdâ

bka,Ü jE,ajh

msgdr ueksf*da,avh

msgdr jE,ajh

isjqmyr ;ks is,skavr tka‚ul ksr®udKh

fuys olajd we;af;a ;ks is,skavr isjq myfr® tka‚ul uQ,sl

ie,iquls' fuu is,skavrh ;=, msiagkh by< my< .uka lrk

w;r tu p,kh lfklaáka frdâ tl u.ska l%EkalaId*aÜ tlg

,nd° th lerlùu is≥fjhs' msiagkh my<g .uka ls¯fï°

újD;jk bka,Ü jE,ajh u.ska ldìhqfr®grh yryd fmg%,a jd;

ñY%Kh weo .kakd w;r kej; msiagkh by<g tkúg jE,aõ

folu jeiS mej;Sfuka we;=,g weo.;a fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh

iïmSvkh fjhs' ta iuÛu iamdr®la ma,.a tl u.ska ,ndfok mq<sÛ=j

u.ska ñY%Kh ±,aù is,skavrh ;=, mSvkh jeäùfuka msiagkh

my<g ;,a¨ù hhs th tka‚fï n, myr jk w;r bkamiq msiagkh

by<g tkúg msgdr jE,ajh újD;j oejqkq jd;h ihs,kairhg

msg lrhs' kej;;a fmr f,iu tka‚ka pl%h uq, isg ls%hd;aul

fjhs' fuu myr i;r pQIK (Intake) iïmSvk (Compression)n, (Power) iy msgdr (Exhaust) kñka ye¢kafjhs'

by;ska úia;r l, whqre isjq myr pl%fha° tla n,

myrla ,nd .ekqug tka‚u jg folla lerlúh hq;= w;r ta i|yd

jE,aõ ls%hdlrùug leñ oKav tka‚fï jg follg tla jghla

f,iska lerlsh hq;=h' l%Ekala ù,h iy lEï ù,h w;r we;s 2:1.shr wkqmd;h u.ska th is≥fõ' fï w;r tla n, myrlska ,efnk

n,fhkau ó<Û n, myr olajd myr ;=kla l%EkalaId*aÜ tl

lerlùu is≥ fjhs' m%udKfhka úYd, *a,hsù,hla fhdojd we;af;a

tf,i n, myrl° ,efnk n,fhka fldgila Wrdf.k ó<Û myr

;=k olajd tka‚u lrljd .ekqugh' tys° fuu n/;s *a,hsù,h

ksid tka‚u iqug whq˙ka ls%hdlrùuo l<yelsfõ' ±ka wms fuu

isjq myr pl%h ;ks igyklg f.k wjfndaO lr .ksuq'

pQIK myr iïmSvk myr n, myr msgdr myr

isjq myr tka‚ul uQ,sl ls%hdld˙;ajh

fmr igyfka olajk ,o ;ks is,skavr isjq myr tka‚fï

is≥jqkq myr i;r fuu igyka fm< u.ska jvd;a meye†<sj fjka

fjkaj olajd we;' fuys A igyfkka olajd we;af;a pQIK myr

;=, msiagkh my<g .uka ls¯fï° újD;j we;s bka,Ü jE,ajh

yryd is,skavrh fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kfhka msfrk wdldrhhs' Bigyfkka olajd we;s iïmSvk myfr®° my<g meñ◊ msiagkh

kej; by<g .uka lrk w;r tys° jE,aõ folu jeiS mj;shs'

tu myr wjidkfha iïmSvkh jqkq jd;h ;=,g mq<sÛ=jla ,nd°

we;s w;r tys° oefjk jd;h u.ska is,skavr ;=, mSvkh jeä

ls¯fuka úYd, n,hlska hq;=j msiagkh my<g .uka lrhs' th

n, myr kñka ye¢kafjk w;r C igyfkka th olajd we;' Digyfkka olajd we;s fuys isõjk myr ;=, kej; by< tk

msiagkh tys° újD; jqkq msgdr jE,ajh yryd oejqkq jd;h

ihs,kairhg msg lrhs' fuh isjq myr tla pl%hla jk w;r

bkamiq kej;;a pQIK myfrka ó<Û pl%h wdrïN fjhs' ±ka wms

fuu myr i;r jvd;a iúia;r whq˙ka jgyd .ksuq'

��

(A) (B) (C) (D)

��



■ pQIK myr ( INTAKE )isjq myr tka‚ul pQIK myr

fuys olajd we;s w;r l%Ekala Id*aÜ

tl u.ska msiagkh my<g f.k

hdfï° újD;j we;s bka,Ü tkï

pQIK jE,aõ újrh ;=<ska ldìhqfr®grh

yryd weo .kakd jd; fmg%,a

ñY%Kfhka is,skavrh msrù hhs'

msiagkh my<g hdfuka úYd, jqKq

is,skavr Od˙;djh ksid we;s jQ

˙la;h tkï wvq mSvkh iu ùug

wjg jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh hgf;a fuf,i

fmg%,a ñYs%; jd;h is,skavrh ;=,g

weo .efkhs' fuh wm fyd|ska ±l

�

A B

msgdr ueksf*da,avhpQIK ueksf*da,avh

AB

tka‚ul pQIK myr

bka,Ü jE,ajhmsgdr jE,ajh

mqre≥ bkafclaIka is˙xchla ;=,g fnfy;a †hrh mqrjd .kakd

wdldrhg fnfyúka iudk jQ ls%hdj,shls'

tka‚ul pQIK myr ;=, is,skavrh ;=,g by; wdldrhg

jd;h weo .efkkafka ldìhqfr®grh kï WmlrKh yryd jk

w;r tys° tu .,dhk jd; Odrdjg fmg%,a jdIam f,iska tl;=ù

fmg%,a jd; ñY%Kh ieliSu is≥fõ' fuu jd; fmg%,a ñY%Kfha

wkqmd;h wdikak jYfhka 14:1 la muK fõ'

pQIK myrg miq t<fUk fuu

myr wdrïNfha°u újD;j ;snqkq pQIK

jE,ajh jeiS hhs' ta w;ru lerflk

l%Ekala Id*aÜ tl u.ska msiagkh my<

isg by<g f.k ths' fuys° jE,aõ

folu jeiS we;s ksid fmg%,a jd;

ñY%Kh is,skavrh ;=, isrùfuka mSvkh

ù th fyd¢ka r;a fõ' fuu myr

wjidkfha iamdr®la ma,.a tl u.ska

mq<sÛ=jla iemfhk w;r tu.ska r;aj

we;s ñY%Kh jyd .sks oe,a fõ' fuu

myr ;=, is≥jkafka is,skavrh ;=,

ñY%Kh iïmSvkh ùu neúka th

iïmSvk myr (Compression stroke)kñka ye¢kafjhs'

■ iïmSvk myr ( COMPRESSION )

A B


AB

tka‚ul iïmSvk myr

pQIK jE,ajh

msgdr jE,ajh

■ n, myr ( POWER ) isjq myr tka‚ul iïmSvk

myr wjidkfha iamdr®la ma,.a mq<sÛ=j

u.ska ñY%Kh .sks oe,aùu;a iuÛ

oejqKq tu ñY%Kh u.ska is,skavrh

we;=,; ldnka vfhdlaihsâ (CO2) iyc,jdIam úYd, m˙udjla we;s lrhs'

oeùfï° msgjqkq ;dmh fuu jd;

fldgia u.skau Wrd .ekqu ksid fuu

oejqkq jd;fha WIaK;ajh fi' 18000 la

muK jQ b;d by< w.hlg f.k tau

;=,ska th úYd, f,iska m%idrKh úh

hq;=fjhs' tf,i m%idrKh ùug bvla

ke;súg is≥jkafka tys mSvkh jeä

ùuhs' fuys°o ±jqkq jd;hg tf,i

m%idrKh ùug bvla fkdue;s ksid is≥


AB

A B

pQIK jE,ajhmsgdr jE,ajh

tka‚ul n, myr

jkafka oejqkq jd; ñY%Kh m%idrKh ùu fjkqjg tys mSvkh jeä

ls¯uhs' tu w;s úYd, mSvkh hgf;a msiagkh ;†ka my<g f;rmd

y˙k w;r fuh n, myr (Power stroke) kñka ye|skafjhs' tawkqj tys° hdka;S%l Yla;sh f,ig m˙jr®;kh jQfha tka‚u ;=,

oykfhka we;s jQ ;dm Yla;shhs'

A

■ msgdr myr ( EXHAUST ) tka‚ul n, my˙ka miq

is,skavr ;=, ±jqkq jd;h bj;a lr

kej;;a pQIK myrlg iQodkï úh

hq;=h' fuu msgdr (Exhaust stroke)myfr®° th is≥fjhs' fuys° my< isg

msiagkh kej;;a by<g .uka lrk

w;r msgdr jE,ajh újD;j mj;shs'

fuf,i újD; jqkq msgdr jE,ajh

yryd ±jqkq jd;h ihs,kairhg ;,a¨

lr ye¯u fuys° is≥fjhs' bkamiq

kej;;a pQIK myfrka ó<Û pl%h

wdrïN fjhs' fï wkqj tla n, myrla

,nd .ekqug msiagkh isõ jrla by<

my< hd hq;= w;r ta i|yd l%EkalaId*aÜ

tl jg folla .uka l, hq;= fjhs'

�

B


AB

pQIK jE,ajhmsgdr jE,ajh

tka‚ul msgdr myr

��



■ nyq is,skavr tka‚u

fuys olajd we;af;a fudagr® r:j, fhfok is,skavr 4

la iys; isjq myr fmg%,a tka‚uls' we;=,; fldgia n,d.; yels

whqre th újD; lr olajd we;' fuhg fmr wm wOHhkh l,

;ks is,skavr isjq myr tka‚ka y;rl ;ks tl;=jla f,i fuh

ie,lsh yelsh' tys° msiagka y;fr®u lfklaáka frdâ ;ks

l%EkalaId*aÜ tllg iïnkaO lr we;' igyk mfilska th

fjkalr olajd we;' bka,Ü fmdar®Ü y;ru tlalr ;ks bka,Ü

ueksf*da,avhla f,i f.k we;' msgdr ueksf*da,avho tf,i ;ks

tallhla f,i ksr®udKh lr we;' tf,iu ;ks lEï Id*aÜ tllska

is,skavr y;fr®u jE,aõ ls%hdld˙;ajh ,ndf.k we;' fuu ie,iqu

jvd;a meye†<sj wjfndaO lr .ekqug wjYH uQ,sl lreKq

lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

■ msiagka TDC iy BDC wjia:d

tka‚ka ms<sn| wOHhkfha° fukau tu fiajdjka j,°o

is,skavr fndarh ;=, msiagkh by< iy my< .uka ls¯fï°

msiagkh msysá ia:dkh ms<sn|j oek .ekqug wjYH fjhs' fiajdjka

j,° th jvd;a wjYH jkafka b.aksIka iy jE,aõ ghsñka ieliSu

i|ydh' fï i|yd msiagka myrl by<u iSudj TDCiSudj f,io"

my<u iSudj BDC iSudj f,igo f.k tu iSudjka isg ñkqï

,nd .ekqu idudkH l%uhhs' fuu iSudjka kïlr we;s wdldrh

iy tu iSudjka ,nd .kakd wdldrh ms<sn|j ó<Ûg oekqj;a fjuq'

nyq is,skavr tka‚ul ksr®udKh

myr

Stro

keuq≥ka iSudj

my<a iSudj

myrl Wi

fndarhBore

fuu igyfka olajd we;s whqre l%EkalaId*aÜ úYalïNh

tla myrlg tkï msiagkh my< isg by<g fyda by< isg my<g

.uka lrk tla Wilg iudk fõ' fuys° msiagkh .uka lrk

Wm¯u Wi tkï tys uq≥ka iSudj Top dead center kñka

ye¢kafjhs' th flá fh≥ula f,iska TDC hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs'fuys my<u iSudj Bottom dead center kñka ye|ska fjk w;rtho flá fh≥ula f,iska BDC hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs' fuu TDCiy BDC w;r msiagkh .uka lrk tla .uka jdrhla myrla(Stroke) f,i ye¢kafjhs' th l%Ekala mska u.ska we;s lrk jD;fhaúYalïNhg iudk jk whqre by; igyk my;ska olajd ;sfnhs'

tka‚ul is,skavrhla ;=, msiagkh

.uka lrk hï ≥rla .Kka .kq ,nkafka

TDC iSudjg fyda BDC iSudjg fmr fyda

miq msysàfuks' tfy;a tu Wi uekSug

wmg tka‚ul is,skavrh ;=, we;s msiagkh

±ln,d .ekSu l, fkdyels fohls' fï

ksid th fuu igyk whqre oÛr lf|a

fldaKhlska uek .kq ,efí'

oÛr l| tla jghla tkï

wxYl 3600 la lerlSfï° is,skavrh ;=,

msiagkh by< isg my<g;a iy my< isg

by<g;a tlajrla .uka lrhs' tkï myr

is,skavrhl TDC iy BDC wjia:d

oÛr lf|a fldaKhu.ska msiagka msysàu,nd .ekqu

��



folla iïmQr®K lrhs' tkï tla myrl Wi oÛr l| lerflk

fldaKfhka wxYl 1800ls' ta wkqj msiagkfha msysàu TDC iSudjg

fmr fyda miq wxYl .Kklska ±laúh yelsfjhs' th TDC iSudjg

fmr kï Befor TDC (BTDC) wxYl .Kklskao TDC iSudjgmiqj kï After TDC wxYl .Kklskao (ATDC) ±lafõ' ksoiqklaf,i fmr igyfka olajd we;s msiagkfha msysàu l%EkalaId*aÜ tfla

Z msysàuhs' th TDC iSudjg taug fmr wxYl 400 l msysáfha

kï tu msysàu olajkq ,nkafka BTDC 400 la hkqfjks'

úfYaIfhkau b.aksIka ghsñka ieliSu i|yd fuu ñkqï l%uh b;d

wjYH fjhs' tka‚ul th uek .ekSug i<id we;s wdldrh my;

igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs'

fuys olajd we;af;a is,skavrh ;=, msiagkfha msysàu

l%Ekala mq,sh u.ska y∫kd.kakd whqrehs' l%Ekala mq,sfha TDC i,l=Ky∫kd .ekqug lÜghla lmd we;s w;r msiagkhla TDC iSudjgy˙hgu meñks úg igyk whqre thg miq miska we;s m˙udKfha

0 yd tu i<l=K tl t,af,a msysghs' msiagkh TDC iSudjg wxYl10

0 la olajd ≥rla fuys° fuu m˙udKh weiq˙ka fldaKhla f,i

uek.; yelsh'

b.aksIka ghsñka iy jE,aõ ghsñka iSreudrejka i|yd

msiagka msysàu uek .ekqug by; myiqlu i,id ;sfnhs' ;jo

mk .kajd we;s tka‚ul b.aksIka ghsñka weâjdkaia fldaK m¯CId

ls¯ug fhdod .kakd ghsñka ,hsÜ tl u.ska weâjdkaia fldaKh

lshjkq ,nkafkao tys wdf,dalh fuu m˙udKhg iy TDCi<l=Kg fhduq ls¯fuks'

m˙udKh

TDC i<l=K

msiagka msysàu l%EkalaId*aÜa fldaKfhka uek .ekqu

tka‚ul is,skavrhl

Od˙;djh hkq msiagkh TDCisg BDC olajd .uka ls¯fï°we;s lrk m˙udjhs' fuu

igyk whqre is,skavr fndarfha

fCI;%M,h myrl Wfika .=K

ls¯fuka tla is,skavrhl

Od˙;dj tkï m˙udj .Kkh

l< yelsfjhs' fuu ksoiqfka

tu ñkqï wÛ,a (IN.) j,skaf.k we;s ksid tu Od˙;d

■ is,skavr Od˙;djh / Cylinder capacity

■ tka‚ul iïmSvk wkqmd;htka‚ul tla is,skavrhl

we;s iïmSvk wkqmd;h uqΩ tka‚fïu

iïmSvk wkqmd;h f,i i<lkq ,efí'

fuys° iïmSvk wkqmd;h (Compres-sion Ratio) f,i i<lkafka msiagkhBDC iSudjg meñ◊ úg is,skavrh

;=, we;s jqkq m˙udj iy msiagkh

TDC iSudjg meñ◊ úg b;s˙j we;s

m˙udj w;r mj;akd wkqmd;hhs'

ksoiqkla f,i fuu igyk .;fyd;a

tys msiagkh TDC iSudjg meñ◊ úg

is,skavrh ;=, m˙udj jkafka BDCisg TDC iSudj olajd we;s m˙udfõiy by<ska we;s oyk l=àrfha

m˙udjh's (Vh+VC) tu w.h oykl=àr m˙udj jQ VC u.ska fn¥ úgiïmSvk wkqmd;h ,efí'

is,skavrhl Od˙;dj .Kkhls¯u

is,skavrhl iïmSvkwkqmd;h .Kkh

ls¯u

w.h >k wÛ,a j,ska ,efí' th fuá%la l%uhg fi'ó' j,ska .;

fyd;a m˙udj >k fi'ógr (Cubic Centimeter) j,ska ,efí' thflá lr CC hkqfjka oelafõ' tka‚ul Od˙;d w.h 1200 CCjeks w.hkaf.ka olajkafka ta wdldrhgh' >'fi'ó'1000 la

,Sgrhlg iudk neúka fuu w.hu 1.2 L f,io oelafõ' tlais,skavrhl Od˙;d w.h tka‚ug wh;a is,skavr .Kkska jeä

ls¯fuka iïmQr®K tka‚ul Od˙;dj ,efí'

��


fudagr® r: oekqu -3fudagr® r: oekqu -3fudagr® r: oekqu -3fudagr® r: oekqu -3fudagr® r: oekqu -3 fudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚kafudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚kafudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚kafudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚kafudagr® r: fmg%,a tka‚ka��

tka‚ul iïmSvk wkqmd;h jeäjk úg tys n,ho

jeäfõ' tfy;a fmg%,a tka‚ul ñY%Kh jvd;a iïmSvkh jqjfyd;a

ñY%Kh oykh ùu fjkqjg msms¯u tkï b.aksIka fkdlaùu

we;sfõ' b.aksIka .eiSu hkqfjkao fuu widudkH oykh y∫kajkq

,efí' th tka‚ulg ydksodhl jk whqre my; igyfkka olajd

we;s msiagka fol u.ska jgyd .; yelsh'

■ iïmSvk wkqmd;h iSud ls¯u

tl †.gu fkdlaùulg tkï b.aksIka .eiSug ,la jqkq

tka‚ul msiagka mΩ≥ù we;s whqre fuys ±lafõ' fï wdldrhgu

tka‚ul jE,aõ iy jE,aõ ISÜ j,go ydks we;sfõ' iïmSvk

myfr®° muK blaujd ñY%Kh iïmSvkh ùfuka fuf,i fkdlaùu

is≥fõ' fï wkqj iïmSvk wkqmd;h jeä ls¯fuka fmg%,a tka‚ul

n,h jeä lr.; yels jqj;a fuu fkdlaùu j<lajd .ekqu i|yd

idudkHfhka fmg%,a tka‚ul iïmSvk wkqmd;h 7:1 g jvdjeäls¯u l< fkdyels fõ' tfy;a fkdlaùug Tfrd;a;= fok by<

TlafÜka w.fha fmg%,a i|yd muKla tka‚u ksr®udKh ls¯fuka

iïmSvk wkqmd;h ;j ≥rg;a jeä l, yelsh' tjka tka‚ul

iïmSvk wkqmd;h 9:1 la muK úh yelsh'

pQIK myr ;=, fmg%,a tka‚ul iïmSvkh jkafka

fmg%,a jd; ñY%Khhs' tfy;a ãi,a tka‚ul iïmSvkh jkafka

jd;h muKla neúka tys° fuu iïmSvk wkqmd;h fmg%,a

tka‚ulg jvd lsysm .=Khlska jeä l, yelsfõ' fï wkqj ãi,a

tka‚ka j, iïmSvk wkqmd; w.h w.h 22:1 la muK olajd

jeälr ;sfnhs' ;jo ãi,a iajhx –j,khlg ,la ls¯ug tu

wkqmd;hg jd;h iïmSvkh ùuo wksjdr®hfhkau is≥úh hq;=h'

b.aksIka fkdlaùfuka msiagka ydks jk whqre

Engine de Sine

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Transcript of Engine de Sine