ENGG1000 Car Design

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Problem Statement: Battery: Should probably make use of just the available chemicals Minimum voltage: 1.5V Small size Lightweight Car: Lightweight – minimise material use Stable – no pivoting of car (e.g. due to 2 wheels), rigid frame, weight evenly distributed across length of car? Fast – motor output, no. of wheels being driven Needs some sort of basket to carry the 200g mass Components of a car to consider: Wheels: No. of wheels: 2 wheels: unlikely to have lateral (sideways) stability unless the wheels are quite wide and the weight is distributed at the centre of the car. 3 wheels: viable, dependent again on where the masses are placed. Perhaps place the battery above the front wheel, and the object to be carried above the two rear wheels? 4 wheels: likely to have the most stability. o Possible compromise with the 3 wheels consideration: use two 281526 wheels at the front (light) and two 4184186 at the back (where the motor is located – rear wheel drive?) Type of wheel / tyre:

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How not to build a Lego car. Be warned.

Transcript of ENGG1000 Car Design

Problem Statement:Battery: Should probably make use of just the available chemicals Minimum voltage: 1.5V Small sie !ight"eight#ar: !ight"eight $ minimise material use Stable $ no pivoting of car %e.g. due to & "heels'( rigid frame( "eight evenly distributed across length of car) *ast $ motor output( no. of "heels being driven +eeds some sort of basket to carry the &,,g massComponents of a car to consider:Wheels:+o. of "heels: & "heels: unlikely to have lateral %side"ays' stability unless the "heels are -uite "ide and the "eight is distributed at the centre of the car. . "heels: viable( dependent again on "here the masses are placed. /erhaps place the battery above the front "heel( and the object to be carried above the t"o rear "heels) 0 "heels: likely to have the most stability.o Possible compromise "ith the . "heels consideration:use t"o &115&2 "heels at the front %light' and t"o 0110112 at the back %"here the motor is located $ rear "heel drive)'3ype of "heel 4 tyre: 010,25,:o #ompromise bet"een the bottom t"o tyre considerations in terms of diametero 6ncreased tyre tread $ not good) 0110&12:o 7ider circumference: More distance per one revolution of a8le May make it di9cult to go up hills due to less force) *orce is an important consideration "hen going up a hill. %moment M : *d perpendicular' &115&2: o ;oes not have tread $ more n a smooth dry surface( tread is not important.o Small diameter may be an important consideration.o Combining with 4184286: if t"o of the "heels are 0110&12 %connected to the motor'( then the other t"o "heels are really only needed for support and stability purposes) 6.e. "e should try to minimise friction on the supporting &115&2 "heels)?ears: simple machines May need to consider gear ratio @A velocity ratio. 7ould mechanical advantage be useful)Motor:Voltage: Minimum: 1.5V o Bigher voltage is preferred because at 1.5V motor needsto be manually "inded in order to start up.#able Management: connecting the battery to the motor Build the chassis so that the motor rests underneath "hile the battery and the &,,g mass sit above. #able management can then go through underneath the car and thread back out through the front or back of the car.#onnection to "heels: ;riveshaft %shaft delivering tor-ue from motor' /ut gears perpendicular to one another to make a diCerential #onnect gears to a8le of "heelsFrontwheel ! rearwheel ! 4wheel dri"e:Taken from http://www.edmunds.com/car-technology/what-wheel-drive.html:*ront@"heel drive: D#ompared to rear@"heel drive( frontwheel dri"e reduces "eight and production cost( improves fuel economy and typically deli"ers better traction. 3hatEs because the "eightof the engine and transmission is directly over the driven "heels.F DGfront@"heel drive has several performance disadvantagesGHtor-ue steer(H in "hich une-ual po"er application to one of the front "heels causes the vehicle to pull to one side or another under heavy accelerationG turning radius can often be greater than the same vehicle "ith I7;.F $ Should be insignifcantIear@"heel drive: D#earwheel dri"e oCers better initial acceleration than does *7; "hen a -uick start is of the essence. 3hatEs because"eight is transferred to the rear of the car upon accelerating( thus boosting traction. I7; also permits e8pert drivers to use various techni-ues to slide the rear end around cornersGF D#W$ cars usually have "eight distribution closer to the optimal %& percent front!%& percent rear than can be achieved "ith a *7; system: '()al weight distrib)tion impro"es a "ehicle*s o"erall balance and handling.Fo D+n twowheeldri"e tr)c,s- #W$ is essential because the back of the truck is so light that putting theentire drive system up front "ould make an empty pickup nearly impossible to drive. 3he rear "heels "ouldalmost be Joating and could easily lose contact "ith thesurface on even moderately bumpy roads.F D#onversely( adding load in the rear of a #W$ tr)c, or SKV thatEs hauling cargo or a to"ing a trailer or boat impro"es traction.F I7; cars re-uire a driveshaftG space@robbing interior hump do"n the middle of the passenger cabin. 3hey also need a rear diCerentialG these components add e8tra cost and "eight to a vehicle "hile robbing horsepo"er and making I7; cars generally less fuel@e9cient than front@"heel@drive vehicles. $ Should be insignifcant if you just position the motor backwards.Lll@"heel drive: Dlowerf)el econom.F %i.e. ho" po"erful is our battery' and maintenance considerations %not signiMcant' to take into account. D;espite their higher costs( these four@driven@"heel systems do make sense for a lot of people. 3hey oCer greatly improvedtraction on all kinds of surfaces( and( depending on the system type( can improve to"ing ability.F Both 07; and L7; systems add s)bstantial weight- comple/it. and cost to a vehicle. 3hey also reduce gas mileage because of increased drag on the dri"etrain. $ rictional losses.Placement of mass 02&&g1:#onsiderations: 6f you=re using I7;( then the car built could take on the shapeof a truck( i.e. place the mass at the centre 4 back of the car.Carr.ing de"ice for the ob2ect 02&&g1: ;esign a simple basket) Lre "e allo"ed blu@tak) 3ape)Car design:!"#$ %&T list: http://brickset.com/inventories/'()*-+ 7hat do half these parts do)Connectors: a,les- frame for basketConnectors: boltsWheels:Frame: basket- chassis 01111N5 may be useful at reducing "eight.Connecting Plates: chassis- basket3ears:4llwheel dri"e: chain system from di.erential to all the wheels