Interrogative and relative

pronouns

By: Mubarak Al-Dosary

The interrogative pronouns hwā ‘who’ declined

only in the singular and had only masculine and

neuter forms

Masculine Neuter

hwā hwætNom

hwone hwætAcc.

hwæs hwæsGen.

Hwǣm,hwām Hwǣm,hwāmDat.

Hwǣm,hwām HwӯIns.

VerbsOld English verbs are weak, and strong The weak had several kinds, and the strong had seven groups .

Present systemIndicative

Ic

Þu

hé, héo, hit

Wé, gé, hi

cépe I keep`

cépest `you keep`

cépð `he, she, it keeps`

cépð `we, you, they

keep`

Weak verbscalled regular verbs

Form the Past tense by adding –ed, -

d,or –t to the base form or present

tense form of the verb.

INFINITIVE PRETERIT PAST PARTICIPLE

Class I

Class II

Class

III

Freeman ‘to do’ Fremede ‘did’ Gefremed ‘done’

Endian ‘to end’ Endode’ended’ Geendod ‘ended’

Habban ‘to have’ Hæfde ‘had’ gehæfd ‘had’

Strong verbscalled irregular verbsForm the Past tense or the past

participle(or both) in various ways but most

often by changing the vowel of the present

tense form

INFINITIVEPRETERIT

singularPAST PARTICIPLE

Class I

Class II

Class

III

Drifan ‘ drive’ drāf gedrifen

Cléofan ‘cleave’ cléaf Geegeclofen

Drincan ‘find’ dranc gedruncen

PRETERIT

plural

drifon

clufon

druncon

Strong verbscalled irregular verbs

INFINITIVEPRETERIT

singularPAST PARTICIPLE

Class IV

Class V

Class

VI

Beran ‘ bear’ bær geboren

Metan ‘ mete’ mæt gemeten

Faran ‘ fare,

go’fór gefaren

PRETERIT

plural

bǣron

mæton

fóron

Class

VIICnāwan ‘know’ cnéow gecnāwencnéowon

The strong preterit had come to be used

with present time sense consequently.

And weak preterits Calles “ present verbs”

INFINITIVE present

āgan ‘ owe’ āh

Cunnan ‘know ,

how’Cann (can)

PRETERIT

āhte (ought)

cùðe(could)