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ENG 213 Phonology Concepts

• The phoneme• Phonemic Form/Phonetic Form• Distinctive Feature Theory – SPE vs. Jacobsonian Features

• Phonemic transcription vs. Phonetic transcription– Surface representation vs. Underlying representation

• Suprasegmentals• Separate Phonemes• Allophones• Complementary Distribution• Contrast in Identical and analogous environments

• Phonological Processes• General rules:–Assimilation, Insertion, Deletion–Assimilation–Degemenation–Metathesis– Syncope/Ellipsis–Palatalisation–Aspiration–Reduction

– Epenthesis– Apocope (deletion of sound word finally)– Aphaeresis (deletion of one/more than one sound

word initially)– Aphesis (deletion of unstressed sound word

initially)–Metanalysis– Paragoge (insertion of sound/syllable word finally)– Prothesis (insertion of sound/syllable word initially)– Raising; Lowering– Fronting; Backing– Laxing

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• Linear rule ordering• CV Tier• Phonology Exercises (Worksheet)– Turkish– Chuckchee

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