Energy Unit
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Transcript of Energy Unit
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Energy Unit
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Let’s take a trip to Iceland…
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Why are we going to Iceland to study energy?
http://www3.nationalgeographic.com/places/countries/country_iceland.html
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Energy
is the ability to do work.
Natural Resources are used to create energy for many human needs and wants
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2 Types of Energy
Nonrenewable Energy is energy that cannot be created in our lifetime (think about 100 years).
Examples: nuclear, coal, oil, natural gas
Renewable Energy is energy from sources that are constantly being formed.
Examples: Wind, Solar, Water (hydro), Geothermal, Biomass, Hydrogen
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Nonrenewable Energy
Most of the energy we use comes from a group of natural resources called fossil fuels.
These are the remains of ancient organisms that have changed into coal, oil, or natural gas.
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Problems with Fossil Fuels
1. Supply is limited.
2. Obtaining them and using them causes negative impacts on the environment.
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Fossil Fuels are used for:
1. Transportation
2. Manufacturing
3. Heating and Cooling buildings
4. Generating Electricity to run machines and appliances
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How Coal Forms…from ancient remains of plants millions of years ago
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Coal Pros
• High grade coal produces more heat and less pollution
• Helps recycle carbon
• Inexpensive
• Needs little refining after mining
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Coal Cons
• Burning releases pollutants into air
• Toxic chemicals can leach into streams near mines
• Increase sulfur in air (Acid Rain)
• Mining removes top layers of soil (Erosion)
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Coal Mining occurs mostly in the United States
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Oil and Petroleum…forms from ancient remains of animals
millions of years ago
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PETROLEUM / OIL
• Used for FUEL!
Also creates plastics, clothing, paints
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Natural gas…always found with oil
Used for cooking and heating
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Refinery…changes oil into…gas, plastics, clothing, etc.
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Air Pollution from burning fossil fuels
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Water polluted with fossil fuels
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The effects of Acid Rain from burning fossil fuels
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NUCLEAR POWER
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Nuclear Pros
• Very Concentrated Energy Source
• No air pollution
• Releases less radioactivity than coal fired plants
• Good for countries with limited fossil fuel
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Nuclear Cons
• Building and maintaining a safe reactor is Expensive
• Radioactive Waste storage
• Safety concerns from Radiation leaks
• Mining of uranium
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Renewable Energy:constantly being formed
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SOLAR ENERGY
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Solar Pros
– Excellent for heating water– Less expensive– Great for developing countries– No Pollution– Available in most parts of the world
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Solar Cons
– Some places don’t get as much winter sunshine
– Inefficient– Freezing damages panels– Can’t operate on rainy days– Needs lots of space
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HYDROELECTRIC POWER
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Hydro Pros
• Inexpensive to run• No air pollution• Last longer than fossil fuels• Dams can be used for
– Flood control– Drinking water– Recreation
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Hydro Cons
• Expensive to build
• Dams block river flow
• Ecosystem below dam in disrupted– Prevents fish from swimming up stream– If dam breaks, flooding can destroy towns
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Fish Ladder
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Geothermal EnergyAlmost all of Iceland's
electricity and heating come from geothermal power
plants.
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Geothermal Pros
• Less pollution
• Less expensive to maintain
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Geothermal Cons
• Not everywhere
• Expensive to build
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Wind Energy…Fastest Growing Energy Source for Electricity in the
World!
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Wind Farms
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Wind Pros
- Abundant
- Cost effective
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Wind Cons
- Transporting electricity from rural areas where it is generated to urban centers where it is needed is difficult– Ecosystem disruptions for birds– Noisy
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Biomass is…natural resources!
• Biomass is any non-fossil type of natural resource that can be burned such as trees, crops, municipal solid waste (trash), and animal wastes,
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Sources of biomass energy• wood • woodchips • paper • trash• corn • sugar cane • canola • sunflower • soybeans • grains • animal waste • sewage • food scraps • hemp • straw• vegetable oil • algae
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Biomass Pros
- Available to developing countries- Waste from cows can be burned- Can be used to make ethanol for cars- Less air pollution than fossil fuels
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Biomass Cons
– Increases Acid Rain– More Carbon Dioxide– Deforestation = Habitat Loss– Growing corn for fuel instead of food