Energy Technology Vision in ChinaEnergy Technology Vision in China

XIAO, YunhanDeputy Director-General

Bureau of Hi-Tech Research and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences

2006/9/8

OutlineOutlineBackgroundChallengesEnergy Technology VisionCase Study: Evolution and Vision of IGCC and Co-production SystemsCooperative Research

BackgroundBackgroundChina’s social-economic development goal in the first half of the 21 century– By the year of 2020, building a moderately prosperous society in all respect,

and China’s GDP quadruple the 2000 level.– By the year of 2050, per capita GDP reaches ten-thousand U.S. dollar.

By 2020, China’s annul energy demand is about 2.9 billion tce with a range of 2.5-3.3 billion– Coal: 2.1-2.9 billion tons– Oil: 0.45 ––0.61 billion tons– Natural gas:140-160 billion cubic meters– Installed power generation capacity: 860-950 GW

Outlook by IEA (2004), 2,770Mtce, with growth rate of about 3.2%Outlook by DOE/EIA (2005), 3,517Mtce, with growth rate of 3.6%

Primary Energy Consumption Comparison in 2004Primary Energy Consumption Comparison in 2004

US, 2331.6 Mtoe

World, 10224.4 Mtoe

China, 1386.2 Mtoe

Oil remains the largest single source of energy in most parts of the world. However, coal is the dominant fuel in China

BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2005

Oil

Gas

Coal

Nuclear

Hydro

Oil

Gas Coal

Nuclear

Hydro Oil

GasCoal

NuclearHydro

Oil

GasCoal

NuclearHydro

World except China, 8838.2Mtoe

China 2025Total: 2752 Mtoe

China 2002 Total: 1089 Mtoe

DOE/EIA, Int. Energy Outlook, 2005

Energy consumption Outlook

ChallengesChallengesChallenges to energy supply: oil, electricity, and coal– China’s current per capita energy use is about 1 use is about 1 tce.

The world average is 2.1 tce, U.S. 11.7 tce, and OECD countries 6.8 tce.

– China’s per capita reserves of major energy resources are far below the world averages

• Oil: 2.6 ton/person, 11.1% of the world average• Natural gas: 1,074 cubic meters/person, 4.3% of Natural gas of

the world average• Coal: 90 tons/person, 55.4% of the world average

Oil Price Controlled by War

ChallengesChallengesEnergy Security

– China’s annual demand for oil will rise to 0.45-0.61billion tons by 2020, while the domestic production can only supply about 0.18-0.2 billion tons. 60% of China’s oil supply will rely on import if no alternative fuels.

Environmental Issues– Coal, the main source of gaseous contaminants

• 70% particles• 70% CO2

– ranked 2nd in the world now– undergo great pressure from the global appeal for Greenhouse Gas abatement

• 90% SO2 – Totally 19.48 Mt, ranked 1st in the world now– acrid rain area exceeds one third of China’s total area

• 67% NOX• Externality due to public health Externality due to public health deterioration:

7%GDP(1995), deterioration: 7%GDP(1995), 13%GDP(2020)– Environmental capability and emissions

• capability– SO2, 16.20 Mt / NOX, 18.80 Mt

• Emissions of 2020, business as usual– SO2, 40.0 Mt / NOX, 35.5 Mt

– More social concerns about inhale-able floating fine particles and heavy metal containment, ecological environment effects caused by hydropower station construction

•In a global point of view, China’s per-capita carbon emission is still low.

•But when taken the large population into account, the whole amount ranks second.

http://www.joelertola.com/grfx/chrt_greenhouse.htmlEIA, International Energy Outlook, 2003Worldwide CO2 emission per capita

Challenges facing ChinaChallenges facing China’’s energy systems energy systemgreenhouse gas emission

Energy Technology VisionEnergy Technology Vision

Energy Conservation and Efficiency Tech.Energy Conservation and Efficiency Tech.Industrial sectors: China has a potential to save 150-200 million tce by 2020 by developing advanced energy conservation measures, processes, technologies.Transportation sector: The saving potential of oil is 70 million by 2020 with the use of oil-saving technologies, high efficient automobiles, and the adoption of new standards on automobile fuel efficiency.Construction sectors: The energy-saving potential is about 160 million tce saving potential by 2020 with the innovation and use of new building materials and energy conservation technologies, and the adoption of distributed energy supply and efficiency standards for buildings

CCTCCTDevelop advanced, safe coal exploration and mining technologies, and increase scale of coal-production enterprisesIn near-term, develop highly-efficient power generation technologies such as super-critical, and ultra-supercritical technologies, and pollution-control technologiesIn the middle and long-term, coal gasification based coproductiontechnology is a strategic choice.

Technology measures for oil securityTechnology measures for oil securityAchieve innovations in theory and technology for exploration of oil and natural gasR&D on oil and natural gas recovery technologiesDevelop alternative fuels and coal-liquefaction technologies, hydrogen and fuel-cell technologiesEstablish a safeguard system for oil supply that includes strategic reserve, back-up production-capacity, alternative energy, warning capacity, alternative energy, warning mechanisms. mechanisms.

Advanced nuclear energy technologiesAdvanced nuclear energy technologiesInstalled nuclear-power capacity reach 40 GW by 2020Develop the third-generation pressurized-water-reactor technologies and adopt it as the primary reactor technology in near and medium-termsResearch & develop the fourth-generation nuclear -reactor that aims at high safety and economic, and minimization of nuclear wasteResearch on the nuclear fusion technologies

LargeLarge--scale hydroscale hydro--power technologiespower technologiesActively develop ecosystem-friendly hydro-powerInnovation on the key technologies in building ecosystem—friendly large--scale hydro--power projectsInnovation on key technologies for building hydro-power projects under complex conditionsConduct theoretic research on the optimal planning, dispatch, and evaluation of large, complex hydro-power stations

Advanced power transmission &Advanced power transmission &distribution system with high reliabilitydistribution system with high reliability

To meet the need of transmitting 100 GW of power from the west to the east, research & develop long-range power-transmission technologies of huge-capacity including superconducting technologies.Research and develop on theory and technologies for safety and protection of super-large power grid

Renewable energy technologiesRenewable energy technologiesRenewable energy is the only way of China’s sustainable energy systemIn near-term, focus on wind power, biomass, PV, solar thermal power and integrated technologies of solar-energy buildingChina has wind-power resource of about 1000 GW (of which, land 250 GW, sea 750 GW). Goals are that wind-power capacity reaches 20 GW by 2020, and that wind-power contributes 1% of the total power generation.China has a bio-energy resource of 0.45 billion tce. Goal is to produce 50 million tce from biomass-power and biomass-liquefaction and biofuels.MW wind-power realized commercialization and R&D 2MW wind-power generator by 2008, to build sea wind-power Test Farm by 2010.

Renewable energy technologiesRenewable energy technologiesChina has a huge resource of solar energy. Gebi and desert areas can be utilized for large-scale PV power generation. To Built 3 unit MW electricity generation station by 2010.Developing the technology of power generation from Tower solar thermal and build a demo. Station with MW before 2010. To build a demo. Station with 100MW of Tower solar thermal before 2020

Hydrogen and fuel cell technologiesHydrogen and fuel cell technologiesHydrogen is a clean energy-carrier, and is a fundamental measure to reduce China’s reliance on oil and CO2 emissionR&D on highly-efficient, low-cost hydrogen production and storage technologiesR&D on the core technologies of hydrogen fuel cells for both automobile and stationary uses, and their integration technologiesTo built on 30-50 50kW SOFC and 200-250 kW MCFC and 2-300W DMFC in 2010Commercial-use of fuel cell technology in transportation sector by 2020

CCTCCTDevelop advanced, safe coal exploration and mining technologies, and increase scale of coal-production enterprisesIn near-term, develop highly-efficient power generation technologies such as super-critical, and ultra-supercritical technologies, and pollution-control technologiesIn the middle and long-term, coal gasification based coproductiontechnology is a strategic choice

Case StudyCase Study

Evolution and Vision of IGCC and Co-production Systems in China

Coal gasification based co-production• integration of coal-based material production and energy

conversion, power, liquid fuel, chemicals and hydrogen

• large scale comprehensive utilization mode

• breakthrough for the limitation of raising efficiency, improvingcost-effectiveness and controlling emission in single industry

• solution to the problems of coal, power, oil and transportation

Gasification

Fuels and Chemical Products Production Subsystems

Power Generation System

Coal

Fuels(liquid, H2, etc.)Chemical Products

Electricity

Material and energy exchange

• Pursuing IGCC since the 70th last century• Plan to build a 10MW IGCC experiment

power station in 1979• Stop without start

• IGCC key technologies and system analysis– Three five-year plans

• USA and PRC Experts Report on IGCC in 1996• The IGCC engineering project in

Yantai,Shandong, initiated in 1999, not start construct yet

• IET pursuing co-production since 1998• The Demonstration Plant in Commercial

Operation since Apr. 2006

Progress of Science and TechnologyProgress of Science and Technology973 program– high-efficient clean energy-power system and study on internal flow during heat-

work conversion process（finished）– basis research on coal-based pyrolysis, gasification and high temperature clean up（finished）

– the fundamental research of large-scale and high-efficiency entrained flow coal gasification process, 2004

– Basic researches on the polygeneration application of the syngas from the combination of gasified and pyrolyzed coal gas, 2005

863 program– coal gasification based co-production of power and methanol– key single technologies

GasificationGasificationnew-style coal-water slurry gasification

– scale：1150 tons/day– operation times up to 5130 hours

dry pulverized coal pressurized gasification (1)– scale：24 tons/day– operation times up to 2100 hours

dry pulverized coal pressurized gasification (2)– scale：45 tons/day

SynthesisSynthesis750 tons per year pilot plant of CTL

– 7 operation experiments– In 2004, operation with full load 1500 hours– sufficient operation experience and engineering data

through 5000 hours run of the plant5000 tons per year pilot plant of CTL

– operation for 6068 hours– full load operation times up to 4706 hours

Gas TurbineGas Turbineheavy duty gas turbine– 110MW– design, material development and application – parts manufacture ongoing

micro gas turbine– 100kW– design, manufacture– adjustment ongoing

forge piece of turbine

blade wheel of compressor and turbine

Gas Turbine (cont.)Gas Turbine (cont.)heavy-duty gas turbine introduction into China– goal: set up the manufacture industry of gas turbine– 3 times, F class (250MWe), E class(125MWe), gross capacity 16GWe

• Dongfang Electric & Mitsubishi: 12, F class• Haerbin Power & GE: 20, 9F class• Shanghai Electric & siemens: 9, F class• Nanjing Turbine & Electric Machinery Corporation & GE: 4, 9E class

– combined manufacture– fuel？

Power and Methanol CoPower and Methanol Co--production Systemproduction System－－ power : 60MWe , methanol: 240,000 tons /apower : 60MWe , methanol: 240,000 tons /a

Coal Coal gasifiergasifier : slurry fed,entrained bed :1150TPD X 2: slurry fed,entrained bed :1150TPD X 2Power: 60MWePower: 60MWe，，methanol: 240,000 tons/Y methanol: 240,000 tons/Y Investment: 15.8 hundred million RMBInvestment: 15.8 hundred million RMBCapital payCapital pay--off time: 8.1 yearsoff time: 8.1 years（（including construction including construction

periodperiod））Running time: >2000 hoursRunning time: >2000 hours

Yankuang power and methanol co-production demonstration plant

Advantages of Coal Gasification Based CoAdvantages of Coal Gasification Based Co--production and the production and the Barriers to and Options for Its Development in ChinaBarriers to and Options for Its Development in China

high technologies cluster– gasification and syngas conditioning– Coal-derived gas fired gas turbine– Synthesis for liquids and chemicals– Hydrogen production, carbon capture and

sequestration– …

merging– Coal Power generation industry and coal

chemistry industry– Coal based chemical engineering– Technology suppliers, engineering designers and

manufacturercollaboration among Gov., Ind., Ins., Uni.

Roadmap for Developing Coal Gasification Roadmap for Developing Coal Gasification Based CoBased Co--production in Chinaproduction in China

pathway to the goal, advice on what, who, how, when, what conditions

– clear, consensus goal– common development frame– harmonious step– optimized share of work and collaboration

support– Department of High and New Technology Development

and Industrialization, MOST– Bureau of High-Technology Research and Development ,

CAS– NRDC

implementation– Institute of Engineering Thermophysics– The expert committee of clean coal technology, high

technology R&D program

Co-production－integration energy system innovationStep by step development

– Integration of mature single technology, acquirement of practice knowledge and experience– breakthrough in all ways of special key technology– finally realization zero emissions

Plan as a whole– nation leading and corporation self-determination– industry development and science and technology innovation– international collaboration and self-innovation

Roadmap for Developing Coal Gasification Roadmap for Developing Coal Gasification Based CoBased Co--production in China (cont.)production in China (cont.)

IndustriesIndustriesThe Changjiang River Deltathe driver to develop IGCC

The Pearl River Delta– uncertainty of LNG supply – uncertainty of oil price– stricter environmental requirement– power plants choose IGCC– planning to newly build IGCC power plants from the range of 100MW to 800MW，

future co-production

Goal in 2010– finish research, development and demonstration of key technologies – break through special problems of co-production– Commercial demonstration of IGCC – Demonstration of typical co-production of F-T fuel and electricity

Goal in 2015• Demonstration co-production plants each with 400MWe IGCC and one million

F-T liquid fuel• Pilot plant of co-production of hydrogen and electricity with CO2 capture

Goal in 2020• installed IGCC capacity with 15000MWe• F-T Liquid for oil capacity 40 million tons per year• Demonstration of co-production of hydrogen and electricity• ready for CO2 capture

Goal for IGCC and CoGoal for IGCC and Co--productionproduction

Development in the Eleventh FiveDevelopment in the Eleventh Five--Year Plan PeriodYear Plan Period

enlarge and deepen key technologies, realize the validation, integration and application of key technologies guidelines－“science and technology R&D, engineering demonstration, industrial harmony, policy encourage, moderate development”Insist on five combinations：“R&D and introduction & improvement, technology innovation and engineering demonstration, near demand and future development, government propose and corporation effort (including institutes ), industry harmony and policy encourage”promote IGCC and co-production rational development

Cooperative ResearchCooperative ResearchEnergy and Technology Policy and StrategyEnergy Technology Foresight, Innovation and Deployment IGCC and Co-Production TechnologiesEnergy for Renewable Energy TechnologiesAlternative Fuels for AutomobileHydrogen, CCS

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention！！

Xiao, YunhanXiao, Yunhanyhxiao@cashq.ac.cnyhxiao@cashq.ac.cn