Energy Storage Technology Options for Distribution Networks – More than just the economic costUSAEE – AnchorageCraig Froome, Liam Wagner and John Foster

July 2013

@gcitweet/gciuq

Project

Federal Government Solar Flagships Program

3.275MW Solar Research Array

Flat panel with single and dual axis tracking

Battery Storage on both AC and DC side

But what storage options?

What are we doing at UQ?

Global Cumulative Installed Capacity

Source: IRENA 2012

Data Modeling

Capex with respect to Power and Energy Provision

Levelised Cost of Energy

LCOEJ = Levelised Cost of Energy for TechnologyTOCJ = Total Operating CostO&MJ= Operations and Maintenance Costs (All Fixed in this study)RE(t)J= Renewable Energy Certificates (~$40/MWh Sent out)WACC= Weighted Average Cost of Capital (Post-tax Real ~7.23%)CAPEXJ = Capital CostSO(t)J= Energy Sent out to the GridCPI(t)r = CPI applied to revenue stream 1.875% (ie. 75% of prevailing CPI 2.5%)

SizeSize

Cycles Life DoD DoD EfficiencyTotal Cost Energy

CostPower Cost FOM

(kW)(kWh)

(years) % Energy (%)($Mill)

($/kWh) ($/kW) $/year

Lead Acid 600 1200 2550 10 60% 720 75 1.473 1,228

2,455 24000

Lead Carbon 723 1425 2500 10 100% 1425 90 0.833

585 1,152 25500

Lead VRLA GEL 600 1201 1000 15 60% 721 80 0.711

592 1,185 7224

Lithium Ion 606 1207.2 5800 10 80% 966 90 1.306 1,082

2,155 36419

Lithium-Iron-Phosphate 600 1202 4400 10 70% 841 80 0.920

765 1,533 40000

Lithium-Nickel-Magnesium-Cobolt-Oxide 600 1200 4000 11 80% 960 90 0.48

400

800 40000

Lithium-Polymer 600 1203 4000 15 80% 962 90 0.7

582 1,167 5000

Lithium-Titanum-Oxide 600 1200 7000 20 80% 960 80 0.48

400

800 40000

Molten Salt 630 1204 3500 15 80% 963 85 1.052

874 1,670 25000

Nickel-Cadmium 600 1200 2000 15 40% 480 90 0.48

400

800 10904

Zinc-Bromide 675 1205 2000 15 100% 1205 75 0.691

573 1,024 9543

Battery Technical Specifications

Levelised Cost of Storage

Future

Cost of storage is decreasing and through learnings (and greater deployment) will continue to decrease in next decade.

Large-scale deployment of renewable technologies can not happen without storage.

Technology choice will be dependent on use – different technologies do have different purposes.

Thank You

Craig FroomeGlobal Change InstituteThe University of Queensland

Phone: +61 7 3365 3689Fax: +61 7 3346 3299Email: c.froome@uq.edu.au