Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of...
Transcript of Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of...
![Page 1: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy Storage Methods
ECE 371Sustainable Energy Systems
1
![Page 2: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Methods Batteries (Been there. Done that…)
But there is more, a lot more…
Flywheels Compressed Air Hydraulic Energy Storage Reversible Electrolyzer/Fuel Cells (Hydrogen) Hydrogen Pumped-Hydro Storage Thermal Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
2
![Page 3: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
![Page 4: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pumped-Hydro Energy Storage
4
![Page 5: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pumped-Hydro Energy Storage
5
Energy Storage
Efficiency Losses Evaporation Leakage (90%) Pump Efficiency (85%) Generator Efficiency (85%)
Used for Bulk Energy Storage
𝐸𝐸 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌∆ℎ gH
![Page 6: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pumped-Hydro Energy Storage
6
![Page 7: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Compressed Air Energy Storage
Bulk Energy Storage Use the grid surplus to compress air in a
reservoir. (During hours of low demand.) When needed, compressed air is heated
and expanded through a gas turbogenerator to produce electricity.
7
![Page 8: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Compressed Air Energy Storage
Bulk Energy Storage Use the grid surplus to compress air in a
reservoir. (During hours of low demand.) When needed, compressed air is heated
and expanded through a gas turbogenerator to produce electricity.
8
![Page 9: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Huntorf Germany
Two air caverns of 140 000 and 170 000 m3. Cavern depth 500 m, pressure 1 to 70 bar. (1 bar
is 14.5 psi) Plant can generate 290 MathWorks for 2 hours. To produce 1 kWh of peak load electricity
requires 0.8 kWh of base-load electricity 1.6 kWh of gas.
9
![Page 10: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Alabama, USA
Underground caverns at a depth of 457 m. 360 MathWorks capacity.
In the future, CAES systems will be able to operate without fossil fuels and produce 1 kWh of peak electricity by using only 1.4 kWh of off peak electricty. (71% efficiency)
10
![Page 11: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Flywheel Energy Storage Sometimes called a mechanical battery. Store energy as rotational kinetic energy. Two classes: Below 10,000 rpm, above 36,000
rpm. Magnetic bearings. Round trip efficiency 70 to 80% 100,000 full charge/discharge cycles. Thick steel sheet container filled with low
friction gas such as helium or a vacuum. Composite rotors. Superconducting magnetic bearing flywheel 11
![Page 12: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Flow Battery
Electrolytes are stored in large plastic tanks. Electrolyte is continuously circulated. Increased volume of the tank increases energy
storage. Increasing the number of cell stacks increases
the power delivery
12
![Page 13: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB)
13
![Page 14: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
VRFD
4 MW, 6 MWh plant online in Japan. Pump losses. Electric currents flow inside the conducting
solutions. These shunt currents depend on temperature and
SOC.
Low power density.
14
![Page 15: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
![Page 16: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sodium-Sulfur Battery (NaS)
High Energy Density High round trip efficiency (89% - 92% Inexpensive Materials. Long cycle life Molten Metal operate at high temperatures (300
-350 C) Liquid sodium is corrosive and flammable when
exposed to air and moisture.
16
![Page 17: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
![Page 18: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hydraulic Energy Storage
18
![Page 19: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hybrid Vehicle – Not Electric
19
![Page 20: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
![Page 22: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hydrogen Energy Storage
22
![Page 23: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Methods of Producing Hydrogen Methane Steam Reformer: 75 – 80% Efficient
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
Gasification of Biomass, Coal, or Wastes Must remove CO2 to be carbon free.
Electrolysis of Water (Opposite of a Fuel Cell) 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
Up to 85% Efficient No carbon produced if electricity comes from
carbon free electricity.
23
![Page 24: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Electrolysis
24
![Page 25: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fuel Cell
25
![Page 26: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fuel Cell
Anode: H2 → 2H+ + 2e-
Cathode: 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- → H20
Combining both equations: H2 + 1/2 O2 → H2O This is an exothermic reaction → It releases heat. Since it releases heat, it will happen spontaneously
26
![Page 27: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fuel Cell
Question: How much of the energy is release in heat? How much of the energy is released in electrical
energy? Maximum possible efficiency using Gibbs free
energy: 83%.
27
![Page 28: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fuel Cell I-V PLot
28
![Page 29: Energy Storage Methods - Rose–Hulman Institute of …wiki.ece.rose-hulman.edu/herniter/images/b/ba/ECE371...Methods Batteries (Been there.Done that…) But there is more, a lot more…](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061005/60b32f0adea5b91e3237e569/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
New Exotic Energy Storage
Liquid air energy storage Underground pumped hydro Advanced nanoultracapacitors Advanced flywheels Isothermal CAES Thermoelectric energy storage – synthetic oil or
molten salt
29