Energy Meter Reading System

8/19/2019 Energy Meter Reading System

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1. INTRODUCTION

In today’s world, electricity becomes a basic and the most important need of

life style. Every one need to electricity and the amount of electricity consumption are

increasing day by day. The most important reason is that all home appliances need electricity.So at the end of the month, the MSEB department needs to dispatch the monthly hard copy

bill.

Every month, the MSEB need to send a man power door to door to collect the

reading of the meter. This involves human resource which encored the money. nd to collect

the meter reading from door to door, the meter reader need to use a camera to clic! the snap

of the reading of the meter. This also involves the flow of money. Because this activity ta!es

place throughout the country, every month and that too door to door, it cost allot to MSEB

department. Many people have their meter installed inside their home. So it ma!es it

inconvenient for the user. Sometime the user is not available at home, so the meter reader

sometime fails to ta!e the meter reading.

In order to avoid all these problems, we have developed this automatic energy

meter reading system. The Microcontroller based system continuously records the readings

and the live meter reading can be sent to the "and held device. The receiver end comprises of

#SM Transceiver, which receives the data from the transmitter. The data received at the

receiver end is fed to the microcontroller present at the receiving end. The microcontroller at

the receiving end is provided with a $%&. The readings received is processed and displayed

on the $%&. The Microcontroller is programmed using Embedded % language.

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2. LITERATURE REVIEW

'e have gone through the different types of IEEE (apers ,International

)ournals and have been reported in the literature. "owever, few relevant and significant

wor!s are reviewed here.

Table * State of rt

Title of the

(aper

+ear

of

publis

h

uthor Issues &iscussed %onclusion

#SM Based

utomatic Energy

Meter eading

System with Instant

Billing

-*/ Sudhish 0 #eorge

ssistant (rofessor,

Electronic 1

%ommunication

&ept. 0ational

Institute of

Technology,

%alicut, India

This paper presents the

design of a simple low

cost wireless #SM energy

meter and its associated

web interface, for

automating billing and

managing the collected

data globally.

The developed

system is highly

effective in the sense

it is able to eliminate

the drawbac! of

serial

communication

2igBee BasedElectric Meter

eading System

-** * S.run , - .3rishnamoorthy

and / &r. 4enu

#opala ao. M

The 2igBee is used sincethe application don’t need

high speed data rate, need

to be low powered and low

cost.

(aper provides anapplication in the

field of automatic

Electric Meter

eading System.

'ith the

developments of the

2igBee technologyand the

communication

networ! .emote 'ireless

utomatic Meter

eading System

Based on #(S

-** Shi 5iong +uan

Sichuan

Electric (ower

esearch Institute

6ing "ua

The technology of e7

metering 8Electronic

Metering9

This design of

remote automatic

reading meter

system

is fast and highly

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oad,0: -;

,6ingyang &istrict,

,%heng &u %ity Si

%huan,%hina

reliable. The

system ,which

connect to

Internet through the

#(S networ! ,can

achieve reliable

real7time data

transmission&esign and

Implementation of

a 'ireless

utomatic Meter

eading System

-< Tari= )amil,

Senior Member

IEEE, Member

IET, IE0#

n economical prototype

of 'ireless utomatic

Meter eading System

has been developed, in

which wireless

communication is based

on IEEE .; 2igBee

standard and security has

been implemented by

following the &irect

Se=uence SpreadSpectrum protocol

economical

prototype of

'ireless utomatic

Meter eading

System has been

developed, in which

wireless

communication is

based on IEEE

.; 2igBee

standard and securityhas been

implemented by

&irect Se=uence

Spread Spectrum

8&SSS9 protocoleliability and

real7time data

transfer

re=uirements of

utomatic Meter

eading System

-*/ Mrs. Snehal S.

#olait. sst. (rof.

&ept. of %omputer

Tech, (riyadarshini

%ollege of Engg

0agpur

The technology of e7

metering 8Electronic

Metering9

Byadding an

initiali?ationmessage option atthe time of installation the meter time can be updatedfrom the server.

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3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION

Fig.1 Proj!" B#o!$ Di%gr%&

Fig.2 MSEB Bi##i'g D(%r"&'" U'i"

This system basically consist of meter, :(T:7coupler, *@A- $%& &isplay, #SM

module interfaced with microcontroller.

The electricity meter is continuously read the electricity consumption in the form of

meter reading. This electricity meter is connected with the :(T:7coupler. The meter wor!s

on *-v. So this *- v is converted into >v at the output of the :(T:7coupler. This > v digitaloutput is fed at the input of the microcontroller.

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The microcontroller continuously gets the input from the meter. :n the input from the

meter, the microcontroller is mathematically programmed to calibrate the amount of units

consumed. :nce the unit consumed is calibrated by microcontroller, it sends that present unit

to the MSEB department wirelessly via #SM module serially interfaced with the

microcontroller.

*@A- $%& display is used to display the previous reading and the present consumed

units reading. *@A- $%& display is also used to debug the system in case of system failure.

3.1.1 ARM ) MICROCONTROLLER LPC213*

The LPC213* is the brain of the pro5ect. It control all peripheral which connected to

that I% eAternally. It is having features li!e

• *@/-7bit MCT&MI7S microcontroller in a tiny $6D(@; or "46D0 pac!age.• *- !B of on7chip flash

program memory. *-


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Table - %omparison of M (rocessors

F%"+r, LPC 21- LPC 212/ LPC 213* LPC 210*

(rocessor MC MC MC MC

M% %loc!

8M"?9>*-3B >*-3B

SB &rive 7 7 7 +ES

S& %ard +ES +ES 0: +ES

In M core we are using MC processor and $(% -*/< controller for our pro5ect.

s it has @M"? cloc! operation so that it’s operation is fast. lso it is easily available and it

is cheaper than $(%-*;


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Dig./ *@A- $%& &isplay %onfigurations

3.1.0 OPTO ISOLATOR MCT2E4

The M%T-GGG series :(T:7isolators consist of a gallium arsenide infrared emitting

diode driving a silicon phototransistor in a @7pindual in7line pac!age.

Dig.; :(T:7IS:$T:

APPLICATIONS

• (ower supply regulators• &igital logic inputs

• Microprocessor inputs3.1.5 GSM 6ARDWARE

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The core of data communication about this system lies in wireless communication

control terminals that uses #SM Modules to transfer long7distance data eAtensively and

reliably. It Support instructions of T commands.SIM/ can be integrated with a wide range

of applications. SIM/ is a Tri7band #SM#(S engine that wor!s on fre=uencies E#SM

F M"?, &%S *


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• TK%M#& 8&elete message9

Importance of #SML

• #SM 8#lobal System for Mobile communications9.• #SM is a digital cellular communications system.• It is used for transmitting mobile voice and data services.• International roaming capability.• Encryption capability for information security and privacy

3.1.. MEMORY 20C-04

The T-;%-;.>49, -.>4 8-.>4 to >.>49 and *.49 versions.Table / (in configurations

(in 0ame Dunction to - ddress Inputs

S& Serial &ataS%$ Serial %loc! Input'( 'rite (rotect 0% 0o %onnect

Dig.@ (in7&iagram EE(:M

(I0 &ES%I(TI:0

SERIAL CLOCK SCL4 7

The S%$ input is used to positive edge cloc! data into each EE(:M device and

negative edge cloc! data out of each device.

SERIAL DATA SDA47

The S& pin is bidirectional for serial data transfer. This pin is open7drain driven

and may be wire7:ed with any number of other open7drain or open collector devices.

DEVICE8PAGE ADDRESSES A29 A19 %': A-47

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The -, * and pins are device address inputs that are hard wired for the T-;%-. s

many as eight -3 devices may be addressed on a single bus system 8device addressing is

discussed in detail under the &evice ddressing section9. The T-;%; uses the - and *

inputs for hard wire addressing and a total of four ;3 devices may be addressed on a single

bus system. The pin is a no connect.The T-;%


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If the coil is energi?ed with &%, a diode is fre=uently installed across the coil, to

dissipate the energy from the collapsing magnetic field at deactivation, which would

otherwise generate a spi!e of voltage and might cause damage to circuit components. Some

automotive relays already include that diode inside the relay case. If the coil is designed to be

energi?ed with %, a small copper ring can be crimped to the end of the solenoid. This

shading ringN creates a small out7of7phase current, which increases the minimum pull on the

armature during the % cycle

Dig.C elay %ircuit

By analogy with the functions of the original electromagnetic device, a solid7staterelay is made with a thyristor or other solid7state switching device. To achieve electrical

isolation, a light7emitting diode 8$E&9 is used with a photo transistor.

(ole 1 ThrowL

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Since relays are switches, the terminology applied to switches is also applied to relays.

relay will switch one or more poles, each of whose contacts can be thrown by energi?ing the

coil in one of three waysL

*. 0ormally7open 80:9 contacts connect the circuit when the relay is activatedO the

circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive. It is also called a Dorm contact or

ma!eN contact.

-. 0ormally7closed 80%9 contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is activatedO the

circuit is connected when the relay is inactive. It is also called a Dorm B contact or

brea!N contact.

/. %hange7over, or double7throw, contacts control two circuitsL one normally7open

contact and one normally7closed contact with a common terminal. It is also called a

Dorm % contact or transferN contact.

The following types of relays are commonly encounteredL

SPST L

Single (ole Single Throw. These have two terminals which can be connected or

disconnected. Including two for the coil, such a relay has four terminals in total. It is

ambiguous whether the pole is normally open or normally closed. The terminology S(0:N

and S(0%N is sometimes used to resolve the ambiguity.

SPDT L

Single (ole &ouble Throw. common terminal connects to either of two others.

Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total.

DPST L

&ouble (ole Single Throw. These have two pairs of terminals. E=uivalent to two

S(ST switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Including two for the coil, such a relay has

siA terminals in total. It is ambiguous whether the poles are normally open, normally closed,

or one of each.

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DPDT L

These have two rows of change7over terminals. E=uivalent two S(&T switches or

relays actuated by a single coil. Such a relay has eight terminals, including the coil.

PDT L

6uadruple (ole &ouble Throw. :ften referred to as 6uad (ole &ouble Throw, or

;(&T. These have four rows of change7over terminals. E=uivalent to four S(&T switches or

relays actuated by a single coil, or two &(&T relays. In total, fourteen terminals including the

coil.

Fig.* R#%; Vi<

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0. MET6ODOLOGY

0.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The purpose of this pro5ect development is to ma!e the process of electricity billing

easy, time efficient and transparent. It will be very helpful for Electricity &epartment as well

as common peoples. In our pro5ect we are going to Send all data through #SM System

fter the completion of this pro5ect it will save the economy of government and will

prove a great help to our country and society.

0.2 GSM TEC6NOLOGY

#SM stands for #lobal system for Mobile %ommunications and is the most popular

standard for mobile phones in the world #SM phones are used by over a billion people acrossmore than - countries. The ubi=uity of the #SM standard ma!es international roaming

very common with Proaming agreementsP between operators. #SM differs from its

predecessors most significantly in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, which

means that it is seen as a second generation8-#9 mobile phone system. This fact has also

meant that data communication was built into the system very early. #SM is an open standard

which is developed by the /#((.

The !ey advantage of #SM systems from the point of view of the consumer has beenearly delivery of new services at low costs, for eAample teAt messaging was developed first

for #SM, while the advantage for networ! operators has been the low infrastructure cost

which is caused by open competition. &isadvantage is that #SMQs radio networ! is based on

T&M technology, which is considered less than %&M based systems. The #SM standard

continues to develop and pac!et data capabilities were added in the elease FC version of the

standard with #(S. "igher speed data transmission has been introduced by providing a new

modulation scheme with EE.

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#SM networ!s operate in a number of different carrier fre=uency ranges with most

-# #SM networ!s operating in the F M"? or * F@ M"? for the other direction8downlin!9, providing *-; D

channels spaced at - !"?. &upleA spacing of ;> M"? is used. #SM7* M"?.

0.0 6ARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

0.0.1 POWER SUPPLY

The basic step in the designing of any system is to design the power supply re=uired

for that system. The steps involved in the designing of the power supply are as followsL

*9 &etermine the total current that the system sin!s from the supply.

-9 &etermine the voltage rating re=uired for the different components.

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Fig./ Li'%r Po49is

the filter capacitor and %- and %/ 8.* pD9 is to be connected across the regulator to improve

the transient response of the regulator. ssuming the drop out voltage to be - volts, the

minimum &4 voltage across the capacitor %* should be e=ual to C volts.

0.0.2 POWER SUPPLY DESIGN OF T6E PRO=ECT

The average voltage at the output of a bridge rectifier capacitor filter combination is

given by 4in8&%9 J 4m Idc ; f %*'here , 4mJ- 4s and 4s J rms secondary voltage

ssuming Idc to be e=ual to maA. load current, say *m% J * #f @>v , fJ>h"?.*F J

4m .* ;U>U*U*V@.*FJ 4m .* .-,4mJ*F.> volts

"ence the MS secondary 4oltage74rms J 4m - J *F.> -

J*F.> *.;;-*

J*/.> voltsSo we can select a *>v secondary 4oltage. In our system most of the components used

re=uire > 4 as operating voltage such as microcontroller, MG -/-, M%T-E etc. The total

current, which our circuit sin!s from the power supply, is not more than * m. 'e have

used egulator I%C that gives output voltage of >4.The minimum input voltage re=uired

for the C is near about C v. Therefore we have used the transformer with the voltage rating

-/47*4 and current rating > m. The output of the transformer is *- 4 %. This c

voltage is converted into *- 4 &% by Bridge rectifier circuit. The reasons for choosing the bridge rectifier areL

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a9 The TD is increased to .4 &%. 'e preferred to choose

capacitor filters since it is cost effective, readily available and not too bul!y.

0.0.3 V DESIGN

The formula for calculating the output voltage of M is 8s given in the datasheet

of $M/*C9

ssuming -J;C ohms and I ad5 J then,

4outJ /./v J *.->v 8*K-;>9

/./v*.->vJ 8;>K-9;>

-.@;U .;> 3ohm J .;>!ohmK-

*.*< .;>!ohmJ--JC/< ohms

0earest calue of resistance is C> ohms

Therefore with *J;> ohms and -JC> ohms we get an op of /./v

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Dig.* 4 &esign

0.5 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Mi!ro!o'"ro##r (rogr%&&i'gL Embedded %

#I programmingL visual basic

Software usedL

MPLABIDE is used for compiling the program, after compiling creates the heA file i.e.M($B I&E is used for creating a heA file.

PROTEUS is used for draw the circuit diagram

Di("r%! is used for ma!ing a layout

VB is used for to create a #I.

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;.@ %I%IT &I#M

Dig.** %ircuit diagram

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0.) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM E>PLANATION

0.).1 RESET CIRCUIT

eset is used for putting the microcontroller into a Q!nownQ condition. That practically

means that microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately under certain undesirable

conditions. In order to continue its proper functioning it has to be reset, meaning all registers

would be placed in a starting position. eset is not only used when microcontroller doesnQt

behave the way we want it to, but can also be used when trying out a device as an interrupt in

program eAecution, or to get a microcontroller ready when loading a program.

In order to prevent from bringing a logical ?ero ESET pin accidentally, ESET has

to be connected via resistor to the positive supply pole 0& a capacitor from ESET to the

ground. esistor should be between > and *3 and the capacitor can be in between *Rf tp *

Rf. This !ind of resistor capacitor combination, gives the % time delay for the Rc to reset

properly.

Dig.*- eset circuit

s shown in the above circuit we are connecting an % circuit to the ESET8pin >C9 of R% .The M R% has an active low reset, therefore we connect an % circuit. s

shown the capacitor is initially at v.It charges via the supply through a * !ohm resistance in

series, therefore the reset time of our circuit isL

U% J *!ohm U .* Rf J * msec

ecommended time of reset J * Rsec

"ere the % time can vary from * Rsec to * msec.

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0.).2 CRYSTAL DESIGN

(ins :S%* 1 :S%- are provided for connecting a resonant networ! to form

oscillator. Typically a =uart? crystal and capacitors are employed. The crystal fre=uency is the

basic internal cloc! fre=uency of the microcontroller. The manufacturers ma!e available (I%

designs that can run at specified maAimum 1 minimum fre=uencies, typically * Mh? to /-

Mh?.

Dig.*/ %rystal cloc! pulses

"ere we are connecting two ceramic capacitors which are basically used for filtering.

In other words to give a pure s=uare wave to the R% we are connecting the two capacitors.

The basic rule for placing the crystal on the board is that it should be as close to the R% as possible to avoid any interference in the cloc!.

0.).3 RS 232

S -/- ic is a driver I% to convert the R% TT$ logic87>9 to the S -/- logic 8K7

Fv9.Many device today wor! on S -/- logic such as (%, #SM modem , #(S etc. . .so in

order to communicate with such devices we have to bring the logic levels to the -/- logic

8K7Fv9."ere as we can see the S -/- chip has - pairs of TT$ and -/- logic vi?,

(air * L (in C,


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The R% wor!s on TT$ logic 87> v9. So to convert the TT$ logic to -/- logic we use

the ; capacitors connected to the S-/- I%. These capacitors are called charge pumps used to

convert the TT$ voltage to the K7 F v swing re=uired by the -/- I%.

D+%# C?%rgP+&( Vo#"%g Co'@r"r

The MG--MG-;F have two internal charge7pumps that convert K>4 to W*4

8unloaded9 for S7-/- driver operation. The first converter uses capacitor %* to double the

K>4 input to K*4 on %/ at the 4K output. The second converter uses capacitor %- to invert

K*4 to 7*4 on %; at the 47 output.

0.).0 SERIAL MEMORY

Dig.*; Memory interface to M

"ere as shown in the circuit diagram we are using a serial memory -;c; in our

pro5ect which is a serial EE(:M. The I% has / address lines vi?. a,a*,a-.but we have only

* serial memory in our pro5ect we can round the three address lines to ground. lso the two

data lines 8S& and S%$9 can be connected to any of the io port pins of Rc. "ere in our

pro5ect we are connecting the S%$ and S& lines to the R%’s e and e*8pin < and pinF9.both

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these lines re=uire a pull up of * !ohm. which means both the pins are needed to be

forcefully pulled high 8/./v9 logic.

The -;c; I% has an memory of ; 3bits which means it has a memory of ;!bits bytes of EE(:M memory.

"ere as shown in the circuit diagram we are using a serial memory -;c; in our

pro5ect which is a serial EE(:M. The I% has / address lines vi?. a,a*,a-.but we have only

* serial memory in our pro5ect we can round the three address lines to ground. lso the two

data lines 8S& and S%$9 can be connected to any of the io port pins of Rc. "ere in our

pro5ect we are connecting the S%$ and S& lines to the R%’s c and c* 8pin *> and pin

*@9.both these lines re=uire a pull up of ;.C!ohm.which means both the pins are needed to be

forcefully pulled high 8>v9 logic. The -;c; I% has an memory of ; 3bits which means it has

a memory of ;!bits bytes of EE(:M memory

0.5.* ARM C INTERFACE TO T6E RELAYS

Dig.*> elay Interfacing

"ere we use *-v single change over relay. These relays are connected to the R% via a

relay driver $0 - ma at the time of switching.

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The R% cannot provide that much amount of current that’s why we connect a relay driver

in between so that the current re=uirement can be fulfilled on our (%B we don’t have the

relay driver and relay circuit so in the main circuit diagram we gave shown the relay

connector which eventually connects to the relay driver board (%B.

0.* PCB LAYOUT

Dig.*@ (%B $ayout

$ayout basically means placing or arranging things in a specific order on the (%B.

$ayout means placing of components in an order. This placement is made such that the

interconnection lengths are optimal .t the same time, it also aims at providing accessibility

to the components for insertion testing and repair.

The (%B layout is the starting point for the final artwor! preparation layout design

should reflect the concept of final e=uipment.

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There are several factors, which we must !eep in mind for placing the layout.

1. S!?&%"i! Di%gr%&7 The schematic diagram forms main input document for

preparation of the layout for this purpose the software for (%B design, :%& was

used.2. E#!"ri!%# %': "?r&%# r+ir&'"7 The (%B designer must be aware of the circuit

performance in critical aspects of the same concerning electrical conditions and the

environment to be used in.3. M!?%'i!%# r+ir&'"7 The designer should have the information about physical

si?e of the board, type of installation of board 8verticalhori?ontal9. The method of

cooling adopted, front panel operated components etc.0. Co&(o''" (#%!i'g %': r+ir&'"7 ll components are too placed first in a

configuration that demands only the minimum length for critical conductors. These

!ey components are placed first and the others are grouped around li!e satellites.5. Co&(o''", &o+'"i'g r+ir&'",7 ll components must be placed parallel to

one another as far as possible .i.e. in the same direction and orientation mechanical

over stressing of solder should be avoided.

5. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

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5.1 ADVANTAGES

eceive accurate billing from utility suppliers based on correct consumption figures

eturn on investment in energy savings

Improved security and tamper detection for e=uipment Improved billing and tac!ing of usage

5.2 APPLICATIONS

• %an be used for ta!ing meter readings anytime.

• %an be used for cutting of power supply.

• %an be used in remote places.

• %an be used for fraud detection

BIBLIOGRAP6Y

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H* +u5un Bao and Giaoyan )iang, &esign of electric Energy Meter for long7distance datainformation transfers which based upon #(SN, IS -F. International 'or!shop onIntelligent Systems and pplications, -F.

H- min S. Mehmood, T. %houdhry, M.. "anif, eviewing the Technical Issues for theEffective %onstruction of utomatic Meter eading SystemN in International %onference onMicroelectronics, -> IEEE. H/ 4ive! 3umar Sehgal,0itesh (anda, 0ipun ai "anda, Electronic Energy Meter withinstant billingN,3Sim Dourth European Modelling Symposium on %omputer Modelling andSimulation.

H; Bharath (, nanth 0, 4i5etha S, )yothi (ra!ash 3. 4. ,'ireless automated digital EnergyMeterN, I%SET - (.3. $ee and $.$. $ai, Dieee, practical approach to wireless #(S on7line power=uality monitoring systemN, (ower Engineering Society #eneral Meeting, -C.

H@ Subhashis Maitra, Embedded Energy Meter7 new concept to measure the energyconsumed by a consumer and to pay the billN, (ower System Technology and IEEE (owerIndia %onference, -

Energy Meter Reading System

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