Energy Literacy What does it mean to be a literate person? What comes to mind when I say “energy...
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Transcript of Energy Literacy What does it mean to be a literate person? What comes to mind when I say “energy...
Energy Literacy What does it mean to be a literate person? What comes to mind when I say “energy
literate person”? If someone is an “ energy literate citizen”
What knowledge does this person possess? What issues is this person familiar with? What energy choices does this person make?
Energy Literacy Do we have an energy literate society? What is the cost of energy illiteracy? What is the relationship between energy
literacy and energy practices (our personal choices and actions?
Energy Literacy “ Americans are, in general, the least
energy-conscious people on the planet. We are not only profoundly ignorant about what energy is, and the critical role it has played and continues to play in economics and politics, but most of us simply don’t care about energy.
Paul Roberts, The End of Oil
Fossil FuelsChapter 19
Energy Sources Videoclip (7 minutes)
YouTube - 300 Years of FOSSIL FUELS in 300 Seconds
I. Energy Consumption A. Per Capita Energy Consumption B. Energy Requirements for Food
Production 1. Developing Countries 2. Developed Countries
C. Energy Consumption in the US
II. Fossil Fuels A. Coal
1. Grades of coal 2. Most abundant 3. Recovery
a. Surface mining b. Subsurface mining
Mountaintop Removal
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyzwCKoLhDo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ziuFW-7h1LM
Coal Power FacilityHow Does it Create Electricity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeXG8K5_UvU
II. Fossil Fuels A. Coal
4. Safety Problems/Environmental Impact a. Underground mining is hazardous. b. Toxins prevent new colonization of plants. c. Acid mine drainage d. CO2 causes global warming e. SO2 and NOx contribute to acid deposition.
Black Lung Disease
Environmental Problems Coal Ash
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bg_zttjzpL0
Is There Coal Ash Near Us?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJ_d28mAXYUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nd3luqE3fw
Acid Deposition
Solutions Solutions
a. Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act b. Scrubbers c. Clean coal technologies
i. fluidized bed combustion ii. coal gasification and liquifaction
Solutions Scrubbers
Fluidized Bed Combustion
Solutions
Electrostatic Precipitators
Refining Oil Petroleum (crude oil) is a liquid composed of hundreds
of hydrocarbon compounds; during petroleum refining, the compounds are separated into different products such as gases, gasoline, heating oil, diesel oil, and asphalt
Oil can also be used to produce petrochemicals used in the production of fertilizers, plastics, paints, pesticides, medicines, and synthetic fibers
Oil 65% of the world’s known oil reserves are located in
the Persian Gulf (CLICK, CLICK) Oil production is expected to peak sometime during
the 21st century and will then enter a decline
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries includes:
Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela Hubbert curve
Petroleum
Hubbert curve- a graph that shows the point at which world oil production would reach a maximum and the point at which we would run out of oil.
The Hubbert Peak
Natural gas is separated into:
Liquefied petroleum gas – propane and butane; used as fuel for heating and cooking
Methane – used for heating, generating electricity, and in the organic chemistry industry
Availability – supplies ~ 62% of energy used
worldwide
Natural Gas Almost half of the world’s known natural gas
reserves are located in Russia and Iran Reserves are more plentiful than oil and
could continue to rise Because it is a gas, it costs 4x more to
transport through pipelines and is therefore often not
Oil and Natural Gas Recovery a. Geologic exploration b. Wells drilled c .”Fracking” - My Water's On Fire Tonight (The Fracking
Song) - YouTube
4. Environmental Impact a. CO2 = Global Warming b. NOX = Acid Deposition and Photochemical Smog c. Transportation = Risk of spill d. Offshore Oil Wells = Contamination e. Oil Exploration = Threats to ecosystems and Wildlife
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEeyDj_hRys From US News and Report http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EriEZY_wH0g Opinion
Solutions
Natural gas is cleaner burning and more plentiful than oil
Cogeneration – natural gas is used to produce both electricity and steam, providing electricity cleanly and efficiently
Cogeneration- using a fuel to generate electricity and to produce heat.
Example- If steam is used for industrial purposes or to heat buildings it is diverted to turn a turbine first.
This improves the efficiency to as high as 90%.
Cogeneration
Synfuels – derivatives of fossil fuels
Tar sands / Oil sands - underground sand deposits permeated with a thick, asphalt-like oil called bitumen; once obtained, bitumen must be refined like crude oil
Oil shales – rocks containing a mixture of hydrocarbons known as kerogen; rocks must be crushed and heated, then keragen must be refined
Synfuels Gas hydrates – reserves of ice-encrusted
natural gas located deep underground in porous rock
Coal liquefaction – process of producing a liquid fuel out of coal, that can be cleaned before burning
Coal gasification – production of methane gas from coal
III. Synfuels A. Tar Sands / Oil Sands B. Oil Shales C. Gas Hydrates D. Coal Liquefaction E. Coal Gasification
An Energy Strategy for the United States
Reasons for a comprehensive energy policy The supply of fossil fuels is limited The production, transport, and use of
fossil fuels pollutes the environment Our heavy dependence on foreign oil
makes us economically vulnerable
An Energy Strategy for the United States Secure fossil fuel energy supplies – domestically
produced fossil fuels (especially natural gas) are a temporary
strategy that will give us time to develop alternate energy strategies for the long term
Develop alternative energy sources –a long-term goal to shift to renewable forms of energy
Accomplish the first three objectives without further damaging the environment – use cost/benefit analysis when considering particular energy sources
Proposed objectives
Increase energy efficiency and conservation
Reduce government subsidies (support in the
form of monetary payments, public financing, tax benefits, and tax exemptions) keep energy prices artificially low; when prices reflect the true costs of energy, including the environmental costs incurred in its production, transport, and use, energy will be used more efficiently by individuals, corporations, and industries