Energy in Rural India

8/9/2019 Energy in Rural India

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Rural Development

Role of Renewable Energyservices


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BASIC NEEDS OF VILLAGES

Rural sanitation, Health,

Transport

Literacy,

Communication,

Housing


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Rural Energy Services Scene

Energy is the means, the end being

development and improvement of quality

of life; the community has to take the

responsibility of planning & implementing

renewable energy projects.

Multinational (UN), national and stateagencies play a supporting role.


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Electrification

About 100,000 out of 600,000 villages in

India are still not electrified through thegrid.

Of these, about 20,000-30,000 villages

cannot be electrified by conventional gridextension.


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Rural Energy Demand Demand divided in four sectors:

Agriculture: water pumps Residential: bulbs, tube lights, CFLs,

fans, coolers, refrigerators, TV,

firewood/cow-dung stove, LPG stove Commercial: bulbs, tube lights, CFLs,

fans, coolers, refrigerators, TV, govt.water pumps

Industrial: tube lights, motoredmachines, pumps, fans, 5kW DG sets


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Renewable Energy Resources

Solar radiation: for solar thermal, SPV

Wind: for electricity generation Woody biomass: for electricity generation

and cooking gas through gasifiers / biogas

digesters Cow dung: for cooking gas through bio-

gas digesters

Agro-residue: for gasifier / biogasdigesters


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What can we analyze for our typical

model Panchayat?

Business-as-usual scenario

Energy efficiency scenario

Renewable energy scenario

Subsidized renewable energy scenario

Decentralized power generation scenario


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Case Studies

(1) Bioenergy systems(2) Solar PV Lighting

in rural India

(3) Information &communication Technology


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Rural Transformation

Challenge is how to transform the rural economy and

improve the quality of employment and levels of

living.

Reforms in three areas:

(1) Agriculture

(2) Rural non-farm

(3) Poverty Alleviation programmes and social sector.


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Agriculture :

Three pronged strategy

(a) Developing agro based trade (domestic andexternal) and agricultural processing to encourage

farmers and private sector

(b) Promoting institutions (land, water, marketing i.e.contract farming)

(c) Infrastructure (public and private investment),

agricultural research) by stakeholder participation.


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Rural non-farm sector:

On industry, strengthening infrastructure

in rural areas (power, water, telecom,

transport )

* Good governance by cutting down

delays in clearances and reducing

corruption (difficult!) to attract domesticinvestment and FDI


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Poverty Alleviation programmes

and

social sector:

In the rural areas, govt. has many

anti-poverty programmes. Theimpact on poverty and ruraldevelopment of NREGA is positive.

Increasing concern towards efficiencyand effectiveness as government

spends considerable amount ofmoney.


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Biomass Energy for Rural IndiaUnited Nations Development Programme

Rural Development and Panchayati

Raj Department, Government ofKarnataka

Case Study 1Tumkur District

2007


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Case Study 1: 28 villages in Karnataka: developing

and demonstrating a bioenergy package

5 small gasifier systems are operational

and provide energy for lighting andirrigation.

1 gasifier-based power plant of 500 kWcapacity is supplying clean energy to 4villages as well as selling excess power toBangalore Electric Supply Company.

Plantations supported on 2933.44 ha of

land that now provide fuel for gasifiersystems thereby increasing the income oflocal people.


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Case Study 1

The Government of Karnataka and the

Koratagere Panchayatestablished the firstever formal agreement between a powerutility and a Panchayatto sell electricity.

51 community biogas plants installed,enabling 175 households to light theirhomes and cook on cleaner fuel.

70 Self-help Groups (SHGs) have been

formed to establish decentralizednurseries for biomass plantations


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Case Study 1

(these SHGs have a current revolving fundof approximately Rs 2 crore which isutilized for the benefit of SHG members)

Noticing the success of Biomass Energyfor Rural India (BERI) model, at least two

private companies have already showninterest in setting up similar biomassgasifier power generating systems in twoother clusters within the project.

Biogas plant in Karnataka producingenergy


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Looking to the Future

Work on the second biomass gasifier power plant

of 500 kW capacity has been initiated The success of project would lead to installations

of more gasifier based power generating units

with public-private partnerships. This wouldincrease local income generating avenues,

improve local power conditions, and the

Government and Utility would reduce its

overhead costs related to metering, billing and

collection a win-win situation for all

stakeholders.


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Solar PV home systems:clean, eco-friendly option

for rural lighting

Solar energy systems will playan increasingly large role in the

rural energy sector in India.


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Reference:MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF

SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS

Experiences with applications of solar PV for households in

developing countries F.D.J. Nieuwenhout, A. van Dijk,

V.A.P. van Dijk, D. Hirsch, P.E. Lasschuit, G. van Roekel, H.

Arriaza, M. Hankins, B.D. Sharma, H. Wad

ANNEX 4. EXPERIENCES IN INDIA

Dr. B.D. Sharma

3778 Netaji Subhash Marg

New Delhi 110 002, India


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Electrification of villages: potential

for solar PV power

The solar systems are more economical

than the grid extensions for villages,which are more than 3 km away from thegrid.

Solar lanterns and solar home systemshave found wide acceptance as clean, eco-friendly option for lighting when well-planned repair and maintenance services

along with improved availability of reliableproducts are assured by service providers.


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Potential for the commercialization

of several PV products in rural areas

There is a positive willingness to acquire

solar systems even with full down

payment. There is a felt need for simple

financing mechanisms to help persons

willing to acquire these systems on

instalment basis. With reduction in costs

of PV, there is bound to be substantialgrowth in the market.


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Case Study: SWRC (Social work researchcouncil) Ladakh _ Train users to Maintain

1. No electronic engineer or anyone holding aformal professional degree would be involved.

Barefoot solar engineers would be trained fromthe village to do the job.

2. The barefoot solar engineers would be fromthe village, not from any nearby town or city,

because the investment in training should not belost. They should have roots in the village andwant to go back and stay there.

3. The barefoot solar engineers should have the

minimum of educational qualifications. If theywere semiliterate or even illiterate it did notmatter. If it took longer to train them that did notmatter either.


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The training covered:

How to install the solar panel on the roof of thehouse;

How to carry out the entire wiring of the houseand the fixing of the solar tube lights at the

agreed location in the house;

How to fabricate and solder inverters & chargecontrollers in primitive rural conditions;

How to carry out repairs and change defectiveparts in the village itself ; and

How to in turn become a trainer and a leader inthe villages without depending on expertise

from outside.


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The lessons learnt in the last eight years

in Ladakh can be summarized:

Any villager, literate or illiterate, can be

trained to do the job. Any remote village can easily be made self

sufficient in solar power, however poor the

community may be. The community must be involved in the

selection of the barefoot solar engineer; intransportation of the panels to the village

and in the installation in their own houses-only then they will pay willingly.


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The lessons learnt in the last eight years

in Ladakh can be summarized:

The rural community must accept only

that technology that does not deprivethem of jobs and does not decreasedependency.

The demystification of technology is aprocess that cannot be rushed. It mustmove with the pace at which the

community moves, slowly, carrying everyone along.


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Solar cooking system forapartments developed

Saturday, Jan 13, 2007

One can use this steam-based system tosupplement the conventional fuel-basedcooking. This will reduce the pressure on

demand for LPG and result in savings forhouseholds


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Karnataka Renewable EnergyDevelopment Ltd. (KREDL)

Solar-powered steam-based cooking system thatsuits apartments

The system comprises parabolic-shapedreflectors, which focus the sun's rays on aparticular point on an aluminium pipe throughwhich water is made to pass through. The water

heats and generates steam that passes throughanother pipe to be used for cooking purpose.

In the case of apartments, the steam pipe couldbe connected to the kitchens of individual flats,

Dr. Shivalingaiah says. The entire system can belocated on the roof.


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Initial Installation Cost It costs about Rs. 13.50 lakh to install the

system_ up to 500 meals can be cookedat a time.

Centre extends a subsidy of 50 per cent

for charitable institutions, 35 per cent forothers.

The main attraction of this cooking mode

is that one can recover the investmentmade on the system in two to three years.


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Can be used for mid-day meal scheme... The life span of this system is estimated

at about 10 years. After that an

investment of about 25 per cent of theproject cost has to be made to replace thereflectors.

The KREDL is ready to offer technicalknow-how if the Primary and SecondaryEducation Department brings before it aproposal to use this system for its mid-daymeal scheme, Dr. Shivalingaiah says.

For details, call 080-22282221


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village Internet kiosk

Rural magic:

True stories of ICT benefiting villagers.

Information and Communication at righttime

is

A beneficial service

and hence is a good business


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True stories of ICT benefiting villagers

Sixty-year-old Palaniammal, a native of

Melur (a small town close to Madurai inTamil Nadu) had been complaining ofblurred vision for sometime.

A chance encounter with the village

Internet kiosk operator proved to be aboon in disguise.

The operators solution was simple Palaniammal was taken to the kiosk,where four photographs of her eyes weretaken with a web camera.


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.... ICT benefiting village

These photographs were e-mailed toAravind Eye Care Hospital inMadurai.

It did not take the doctors long todeduce that Palaniammal wassuffering from cataract.

They mailed back their feedback andwithin days her vision was restored.

ICT b fiti ill


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The farmers of T Ulagapichampatti were in adilemma. Their okra produce was turningyellow.A videoconferencing between the villagefarmer and agriculture specialists, in the city,was set up.

The leaves and the produce of the damagedcrop were shown through the web-cam, thekind and amount of fertilizers added were also

discussed.The experts diagnosed it to be yellow mosaic.Apt treatment was administered and the

farmers prevented a loss of US$2,800.

.... ICT benefiting villagers


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.... ICT benefiting villagers

It would be interesting to note that neither

party had to trudge across to the nearbytown or city to get their problem solved.

That not only saved time and energy but

also was monetarily a much better option. These are just two examples of a silent

revolution brewing in some Indian villages

plain, simple access to information viathe Internet.


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n-Logue provides technical training to them, thusenabling the young entrepreneur to start the

business.

The kiosk operator (KO), is typically a

young villager with a basic 12th standardeducational qualification. Moreover, it isdesired that they posses the ability to

manage and operate an Internet business.The KO provides premises for thebusiness. The expenses incurred by theKO, eventually, are primarily on accountof Internet usage. The revenue generated,on the other hand, is on account ofInternet-based services sold to the

villagers.


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Energy in Rural India

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