Energy from Food Chap 7. How are autotrophs and heterotrophs different? Give an example of each.
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Transcript of Energy from Food Chap 7. How are autotrophs and heterotrophs different? Give an example of each.
CONSUMERS - HETEROTROPHS
Concept 7.1 – Sunlight powers life. Describe how organisms release energy from food.
Through cellular respiration, oxygen is used to release energy from glucose and produce
ATP.
Concept 7.2 – Food stores chemical energy.3. What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential
energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Potential energy is energy that is stored.
Concept 7.2 – Food stores chemical energy.4. How do cells release chemical energy from food?
In cellular respiration, oxygen reacts with the organic molecules of food (sugar), breaking the molecules into smaller molecules and releasing chemical energy (ATP).
Energy Consumed by Daily Activities
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate. Is a nitrogencontaining compound called adenine and a five carbon sugar called ribose. Has three phosphate groups.
7.3 ATP provides energy for cellular work How is energy released from ATP? Energy is released from ATP when a
phosphate bond is broken.
Concept 7.3 – ATP provides energy for cellular work.
6. What are the three main types of cellular work?
Chemical work, mechanical work, transport work (active transport)
7.4 Electrons fall How is breathing related to cellular
respiration?Breathing brings oxygen into the body that is required by cells for cellular respiration (mitochondria). Breathing also removes the waste product of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide.
Cellular Respiration Equation8. What are the products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP)
7.5 Cellular Respiration Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are
good ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose.
1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?
2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel?
3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.
Overview of Cellular Respiration What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food (glucose) in the presence of oxygen.
Overview of Cellular Respiration What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food (glucose) in the presence of oxygen.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + Energy
glucose oxygen water carbon ATP dioxide
What would be the problem if cellular respiration occurred in just one step?
Burn up all energy instead of a gradual release of energy
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Section 9-1
GlycolysisKrebs Cycle Electron Transport
Chain
2 2 32 36 Total ATP
Glycolysis First step in cellular respiration
Glyco / lysis – “to break glucose” Does not need oxygen to occur Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. Glycolysis
Process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis
• How does the cell get glycolysis going? The cell uses energy. 2 molecules of ATP are
used up.
• What are the products of glycolysis? Pyruvate and 4 ATP molecules
C. Glycolysis
• Why is there only a NET of 2 ATP molecules produced during glycolysis? 2 ATP molecules were used to start reaction
What happens after glycolysis???Glycolysis is ALWAYS the first step in the break down
of glucose. Glycolysis does not need oxygen to occur
If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by anaerobic respiration.
Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
What happens after glycolysis???Glycolysis is ALWAYS the first step in the break down
of glucose.
If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by anaerobic respiration (Fermentation)
Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by aerobic respiration – a process that requires oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration: Fermentation
What is fermentation? Fermentation is a process by which cells release energy in the absence
of oxygen. Where does fermentation occur in the cell?
Cytoplasm of the cell. Why is fermentation considered an anaerobic process?
Anaerobic is process that does not require oxygen Fermentation does NOT require oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration: Fermentation Two main types of fermentation
1. Alcohol fermentation2. Lactic acid fermentation
What organisms use alcoholic fermentation o Yeasts and other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentationo Waste products are alcohol and carbon dioxide
What happens to the small amount of alcohol produced during the baking of bread? Evaporates when bread is baked.
Glycolysis Alcoholic Fermentation
How does fermentation allow the production of ATP to continue? NAD+ is looped to start the process over again.
Glycolysis Alcoholic Fermentation
Glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation
Section 9-1
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation – • Lactic acid is produced by your muscles
during rapid exercise when not enough oxygen is present.
• Prokaryotes produce lactic acid as a waste product which is used in production of foods: yogurt, cheese, sour cream, sauerkraut, etc.
Glucose 2 Lactic acid2 Pyruvic acid
SUMMARYGlycolysis is ALWAYS the first step in the break down
of glucose.
If oxygen is NOT present, glycolysis is followed by anaerobic respiration.
Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by aerobic respiration.
Glycolysis
The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport1. At the end of glycolysis, how much of the
chemical energy in glucose is still unused?Approx. 90%
2. Because the final stages of cellular respiration require oxygen, they are said to be aerobic.
The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
Mitochondrial matrix
Where do the reactions of the Krebs cycle take place in the cell???
The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
The Krebs Cycle Second stage of cellular
respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
Electron Transport Chain
Inner membrane of mitochondria
Where do the reactions of the electron transport chain take place in the cell???
The Electron Transport The Electron Transport Chain
series of proteins in which the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used to convert ADP into ATP
Cellular Respiration and EnergyIn the presence of oxygen, the cell can produce 36 ATP molecules per one glucose molecule
Transfer of Energy to ATPWhere does the energy in food go?
When broken down, the energy gets stored in a molecule known as ATP
ATP delivers energy wherever it is needed in the cell. For example: ATP drives muscle movement Transport of molecules across the cell membrane ATP drives cellular respiration
How does ATP deliver energy to the cell?
It is in it’s structure