Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of...
Transcript of Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of...
![Page 1: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
![Page 2: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TEKS
B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids.
![Page 3: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vocabulary
• Food chain• Food web• Biomass• Ecological pyramid
• Energy pyramid• Biomass pyramid• Numbers pyramid
• Energy• Trophic level• Producer• Consumer
• Decomposer• Detritivore• Primary• Secondary• Tertiary• Keystone Species• Biological Magnification• Heat loss• 10% rule
![Page 4: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Prerequisite questions
• What is energy?
• How do organisms interact in an ecological setting?
![Page 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Essential Question #1
• How does energy flowing through an ecosystem affect the organisms in that ecosystem?
![Page 6: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Energy Flow
• In ecological diagrams like food chains, food webs and pyramids, arrows represent energy being transferred from one location to another.
• Energy is moving from the grasshopper to the duckling.
![Page 7: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Trophic Levels
• Primary producers – use external energy sources (Sun or hydrothermal vents) to make sugars.
• Primary consumers – consume the primary producers to get the stored sugars. (Also called herbivores)
• Secondary consumers – consume primary consumers to get at stored nutrients. (Also called carnivores)
• Tertiary consumers – can consume any level but mostly eat secondary producers.
(If an organism eats both primary producers and consumers it is called an omnivore)
![Page 8: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Decomposers and Detritivores
• Decomposer – an organism that feeds on decaying matter (detritus) and returns nutrients to the soil.
• Two VERY important decomposers are and .
• Detritivore – an organism that feeds on detritus (decaying matter)
![Page 9: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Food Chain
• Food chains show the movement of energy in a single pathway.
![Page 10: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Food Web
• Food webs show the interactions of MANY food chains.
• A good food web (or chain) will include decomposers to show their importance.
![Page 11: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Tracking Trophic Levels
• Create a system that helps you to track what trophic level each organism is feeding at.
• This will help you greatly on tests.
![Page 12: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Keystone Species
• Some organisms are so important, that if they are removed then significant changes to happen to the entire ecosystem.
• These organisms are called Keystone Species.
• Watch How Wolves Change Rivers
![Page 13: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ecological Pyramids
• Food webs can be converted into ecological pyramids, showing different data.
3 types of Ecological Pyramids:1. Energy pyramids
2. Biomass pyramids
3. Numbers pyramids
• All pyramids follow the 10% rule! (Also called Rule of 10)
![Page 14: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids
• When moving from a lower trophic level up to a higher trophic level, only 10% of the stored energy moves up.
• The other 90% of the energy is used by the lower trophic level organism trying to surviving in its trophic level.
The duckling only receives about 10% of all the available energy in the grasshopper when it eats the grasshopper.
The grasshopper uses about 90% of all its energy to survive and not be eaten by cute little ducks (any other thing) in hopes of reproducing.
![Page 15: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ecological Pyramids
1. Energy pyramids show the energy (in Joules or kcals) that move from one trophic level to the next.
Since only 10% reaches thepredator, 90% is lost. Some of that90% is lost in the form of heat backto the environment.
![Page 16: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ecological Pyramids
2. Biomass pyramids show the amount of physical matter that move from one trophic level to the next.
Since only 10% reaches the predator, 90% is lost. Some of that 90% is lost in the form of heat back to the environment.
![Page 17: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ecological Pyramids
3. Numbers pyramids show the quantity of organisms that can be sustained (kept alive) at any give trophic level
• Notice, as you move up the food chain,less and less organisms can besustained (kept alive)
Since only 10% reaches the predator, 90% is lost. Some of that 90% is lost in the form of heat back to the environment.
![Page 18: Energy Flow in Ecosystems - Main Home · Energy Flow in Ecosystems. TEKS B.12C Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels ... 10% Rule of Ecological Pyramids](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022605/5b77cac77f8b9a515a8dd434/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Biological Magnification
• Biological Magnification pyramids show how toxins accumulate (increase) as you move up a food chain.
• Examples: DDT & mercury poisoning
Lower trophic levels have smaller organisms that only contain a few toxins in their body, but as larger organisms each A LOT of the small ones, the toxins build up in their tissues.