Energy flow in ecosystems
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Transcript of Energy flow in ecosystems
ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM
2. Ecosystems and Biomes
2.1 Energy Flow 2.1.1 Energy roles
Consumer Producers Decomposer
2.1.2 Food Chain and Food web 2.1.3 Energy Pyramids
2.2 Cycles of Matter 2.2.1 Water cycle 2.2.2 Carbon and oxygen cycles
.
Where does the energy come from?
Organisms and Energy
All the energy on Earth comes from the sun!!
Producers Organisms that use
the energy from the sun to produce their own food.
Ex: Plants, algae and some bacteria.
Photosynthesis
Consumers Organisms that obtains energy by feeding
on other organisms. 3-Types
1. Herbivores
2. Carnivores
3. Scavengers and decomposers
Herbivores Heterotrophs that
consume plants only.
Ex: cows, deer, rabbits…
(First order consumers)
Carnivores Heterotrophs that
consume other animals.
Ex: Humans, cats…
(Second… order consumers.)
Scavengers Feed on dead
organisms.
Ex: vultures
Decomposers Break down wastes
and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the ecosystem.
Ex: Bacteria and fungus
Are the decomposer nature´s recyclers?
While obtain energy for their own needs, decomposer return simple molecules to the environment. These molecules can be used again by other organisms.
How does energy flow through the ecosystem???
In ONE direction only
The movement of the energy through the ecosystem can be show in diagram called
food chain
Sun-Producers-Consumers-Decomposers- Released as heat
Sun-Producers-Consumers-Decomposers- Released as heat
Autotrophs
First-order heterotrophs
Third-order heterotrophs Second-order
heterotrophs
Decomposers
Food chain and Food web The energy enter as sunlight and converted
to food molecules by producer. After this energy is transfer to each
organism that eat a producer And to another organism that feed on these
consumers.
Food Chain DEFINITION: It´s a
series of events in which one organism eats another to get energy
The figure represent a simplest exchange of energy.
Videos http://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=rHFdl0PzFiE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBagx9Qhdx8&feature=relate
d
Food Web: Many interconnected and overlapping food chains
Food Web
FOOD WEB
Ecological Pyramids
Shows how energy flows through the ecosystem
Energy Pyramid Shows the amount of
energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web
Only 10% of the energy is passed onto the next level.
Energy Pyramid
The most energy is available at the producer level of the pyramid
As you move up the pyramid, each level has less energy available than the level below.
Cycles of the matter What is a cycle?
Is a series of things that repeat over and over again
What are some example of cycles?
Water cycle Oxygen cycle Carbon dioxide
cycle
Nutrients Nutrients cycle
through the ecosystem, never disappearing.
nutrients
nutrients
nutrients
Water Cycle 3 parts…
1. Evaporation
2. Condensation
3. Precipitation
Evaporation The process by which molecules of liquid
water absorb energy and change to a gas
From oceans, lakes, river. From living things: Leaves of trees, liquid
wastes and when you exhale.
Condensation This process by which a gas changes to a
liquid. When the gas rises the atmosphere , it cool
down and a little drop are formed. The water droplets collect around particles
of dust , eventually forming clouds.
Precipitation To more water condenses the drop grow
larger and heavy then fall back to earth as precipitation.
Over ocean and lake When fall in land may soak and become
groundwater.
Water Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Class work See the video and complete the worshhet. http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=U3SZKJVKRxQ
Carbon cycle
Oxygen Cycle
Oxygen and carbon cycle
These two elements are essential to the life on the earth
In ecosystems the process of carbon and oxygen cycles are linkedProducers, consumers, and decomposers play important roles in recycling carbon and oxygen.
Carbon cycle The cycle can start when producers take in
carbon dioxide gas from the air and release oxygen during photosynthesis.
They take the carbon and make food molecules such as sugar and starches to get energy
Carbon cycle When consumers eat producers, they take
in the carbon-containing food molecules to obtain energy.
The consumer break down the carbon compounds in a process called respiration in this time they release
Then carbon dioxide is cycled back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
Oxygen cycle
The oxygen is found through the ecosystems Producers release oxygen in the
photosynthesis process. The organisms take the oxygen from air or
water and use it to carry out their life process.
Human Impact (Released CO2)
Industrial pollutions, when people burn oil or fuels.
Clear forests and burn Less trees – less absortion f CO2 from the
environment.