Energy Efficiency: systems, buildings and communities Smart Cities Research Lines

Manel Sanmartí Barcelona, 20th May 2014

www.irec.cat

INDEX

1. IREC Introduction

2. Energy Efficiency: Systems, Buildings and Communities

3. The Smart City Energy Vision

3

PRINCIPLES

Mission

To contribute to the sustainable development and enhance

corporate competitiveness via:

• Medium and long-term research,

• Scientific development and technological know-how in the

field of energy, and

• Innovation and development of new products

Vision

To become a center of excellence and an international

benchmark organization through Research, Technology

Development and Innovation (R+TD+i), working in

coordination with the Industry, the Universities and the

Administration.

4

ORIENTATION

The Institute works with a dual approach:

• Long-term research, aimed at generating

knowledge within groups and research areas

of the Institute, with a mid or long-term

commercial projection in mind.

• Technology development, focused on

collaboration with the Industry to create new

products and new technical solutions, at short

and mid-term.

The Institute’s position is defined by the

balance between these two approaches.

5

GOVERNING BODY

GOVERNMENT

OF CATALONIA

Min. Enterprise and Labour (President)

Min. Economy and Knowledge (VPresident)

GOVERNMENT

OF SPAIN CIEMAT (Min. Economy and Competitiveness)

IDAE (Min. Industry, Energy and Tourism)

UNIVERSITIES

Barcelona TECH (UPC)

Barcelona (UB)

Rovira i Virgili (URV) in Tarragona

COMPANIES

ENDESA

GAS NATURAL FENOSA

Fundación REPSOL

CLH

ENAGÁS

ALSTOM Wind

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL AREAS

6

• Advanced Materials

• Functional Nanomaterials

• Catalysis

• Materials for Solar Systems

• Nanoionics and Fuel Cells

• Energy Storage and Harvesting

• Bioenergy and Biofuels

• Thermochemical Conversion

• Biorefinery and Microalgae

Research Units

• Energy Efficiency: Systems, Buildings and Communities

• NZEB (Net Zero Energy Buildings and Communities)

• Integration of Renewables.

• Smart Grids and Microgrids

• Green IT

• Electric Mobility

• Lighting

• Economic analysis and regulation

• Offshore Wind Energy

• Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity

• Electric Machines and Control Systems

• Grid Integration

• Wind resource assessment at see

• Project “ZÈFIR Test Station”

Technological Development Units

7

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COUNCIL

The Scientific Advisory Council, appointed by the Governing Body, acts as advisory body

of the Institute insofar as the definition of the scientific strategy, and the periodic

evaluation of their researchers and results.

The Scientific Advisory Council is composed by :

• Prof. Dr. Esteban Chornet. President

Emeritus professor of the Sherbrooke University, Quebec, Canada.

• Prof. Dr. John A. Kilner.

Imperial College of London, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials, UK.

• Prof. Dr. Johan Driesen.

Associate professor of K.U. Leuven, Belgium.

• Prof. Dr. Matthias M. Schuler.

Adjunct professor of Environmental Technologies, School of Design, Harvard University,

MA, USA.

• Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Kröning.

Managing Director de “EWE Offshore Service & Solutions GmbH”, DE.

• Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Papamichael.

Co-Director. California Lighting Technology Center, University of California, Davis, USA.

8

LOCATION

The IREC has two headquarters: Barcelona and Tarragona.

The center in Barcelona deals with:

•Thermal Energy. Lighting

•Electrical Engineering. Offshore Wind Energy

•Advanced Materials for Energy

The center in Tarragona deals with:

•Bioenergy

•Laboratory for Thermal Energy and

Energy Integration

9

KIC InnoEnergy, Europe’s Network for Energy Excellence

The European Institute of Technology & Innovation EIT has chosen the consortium

InnoEnergy, which is comprised of 35 companies, universities and research centers

throughout Europe, to stimulate and promote research, training and innovation in the

energy sector.

The primary objective is to ease research to reach the market more quickly and

efficiently, so that European companies are able to compete in better conditions

globally with the USA and Japan.

IREC, as a leading European center in energy research, is part of InnoEnergy and

will participate in the projects to be promoted in the 2010-2016 period.

IREC AT THE HEART OF INNOVATION IN EUROPE - KIC

10

IREC AT THE HEART OF INNOVATION IN EUROPE - KIC

11

CONNECT-EU GROUP

IREC is leading a Group of Energy, composed by four Catalan representatives enterprises,

one university and one association of the technological and scientific sector, to join research

interests and needs and innovation to have a bearing in the projects funded by the European

Union, mainly the 7th framework Programme (FP7).

The strategic agenda of the Group includes:

- Wind energy,

- Smart cities;

- Electric vehicle “off board”;

- Energy efficiency,

- Renewable Heating & Cooling / Low or Zero Energy Buildings,

- Bionergy, and

- Solar Energy

Contact: connecteu-energia@irec.cat

Origin Total €

Spain 3.157.467

Europe 4.045.543

KIC 532.950

Catalonia 26.000

Industry 612.559

TOTAL 8.348.519

38%

48%

6%

7%

Amount

The future is based on the European calls, which together with EIT-KIC

calls, represents at the beginning of 2013 a portfolio of 54%.

This trend should be complemented by industrial projects of a certain size.

Portfolio at the beginning of 2013

MOST RELEVANT ASPECTS

13

• We are working on 69 projects with a portfolio of 8,35 M€ at the beginning of 2013.

• 54% of the amount of these projects comes from European calls.

• We lead in Europe the research on thin-film photovoltaic materials based on Chalcopyrite

CuInGa(S,Se)2 (CIGS) and Kesterites Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTS), with the coordination of three FP7

projects.

• We are a founding member of KIC InnoEnergy (EIT) and we were chosen “Thematic Leader”

of Renewable Energies, responsible for defining the technological Roadmap and its priorities.

• We lead the group Connect-EU Energy, with more than 100 related entities, which aims to

promote at the European institutions the R&D of Catalonia and get to increase return of

European funding to Catalan companies.

• We are developing the ZÈFIR Test Station Project, an experimental offshore wind project.

• On 2012 we published 69 articles on scientific peer-reviewed journals, with an average impact

factor of 3,49.

• On 2012 we started the first Master on Onshore and Offshore Wind Power of Catalonia

between the University Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona) and IREC (600h.)

• We organize annually the Conference “Barcelona Global Energy Challenges”, in

collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT.

14

We at the IREC know we are part of a project for the future oriented towards

generating scientific knowledge and participating in the technological development

of the energy sector in an environment of excellence. We are already a 115 people team

from which 37 are PhD.

TEAM

INDEX

1. IREC Introduction

2. Energy Efficiency: Systems, Buildings and Communities

3. The Smart City Energy Vision

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL AREAS

16

• Advanced Materials

• Functional Nanomaterials

• Catalysis

• Materials for Solar Systems

• Nanoionics and Fuel Cells

• Energy Storage and Harvesting

• Bioenergy and Biofuels

• Thermochemical Conversion

• Biorefinery and Microalgae

Research Units

• Energy Efficiency: Systems, Buildings and Communities

• NZEB (Net Zero Energy Buildings and Communities)

• Integration of Renewables.

• Smart Grids and Microgrids

• Green IT

• Electric Mobility

• Lighting

• Economic analysis and regulation

• Offshore Wind Energy

• Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity

• Electric Machines and Control Systems

• Grid Integration

• Wind resource assessment at see

• Project “ZÈFIR Test Station”

Technological Development Units

17

Thermal Energy and Buildings

Member of the IEA SHC Task 40 – ECBCS Annex 52 “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings”

Principal lines of work:

• Energy Efficiency applied to:

• Thermal processes of the industry

• Optimization of centralized generation systems

• Use of residual heat

•Buildings: minimizing a building’s energy demand

through design, efficient use and integrating

renewable energy technology to meet the power

demand.

TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Group leader: Dr. Jaume Salom

Objective:

Improving bioclimatic design, applying innovative measures for improved energy

efficiency and integrating renewable energy systems.

18

BUILDING and GREEN IT

Policy

Analysis Simulation

&

Optimization

Experiments

&

Validation

Rers

era

ch lin

e Buildings & Communities

Green IT

Industry

MARIE (Med)

NZEB (IEA)

Green@Hospitals (CIP-PSP)

AIDA (IEE)

KIC MTT micro CHP

TRIBUTE (*) (FP7-NMP)

COOLEMALL (FP7-ICT)

RENEWIT (*) (FP7-ICT)

KIC EFINDPRO

AIDA (IEE)

Semi-virtual method: Operation of real equipment

according to the behaviour of a building/system computer

model to emulate real dynamic conditions.

19

SEILAB

Semi-virtual Energy Integration Laboratory

Virtual system-model Energy loadings

User behaviour

Building occupancy and use

Weather conditions

Thermal/electrical components

Real system-laboratory HVAC equipment

Renewable energy systems

Heat Pumps, Microturbines, Fuel cells

Energy management systems

Heat pump

Hydraulic system for DHW

Photovoltaic cell

20

Semi-virtual Energy Integration Laboratory (SEILAB)

Possibilities for collaboration

• Direct contracts for equipment testing, development of

technical solutions, improvement of systems, etc.

• Partnership for national / international R&D projects:

EU, KIC-EIT, Horizon 2020

• Donation of equipment for expanding the laboratory

structure

• Shared developments for new products

COMPLEX INTEGRATION OF ENERGY SYSTEMS:

NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS

Load match and grid interaction indexes

22

One of the most important features that LMGI indicators may grasp

is the flexibility of a building.

NZEB & Communities

Semi-detailed model – Two different dwellings

23

Stochastic Models for cluster of buildings: electric load

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

En

erg

y C

on

sum

ptio

n (

kW

h)

Hours

Mean Dwelling

Dwelling-A

Dwelling-B

kWh Mean A B

Annual 2783 2203 3606

Max 0.9 1.4 2.5

Nº Equip. - 6 12

Green@Hospital

24

Web-based energy management system for the

optimization of the energy consumption in hospitals http://www.greenhospital-project.eu/

• Objectives:

•To obtain energy savings in existing hospitals through integrating the latest ICT

solutions

• To develop a standard energy benchmarking model for hospitals

• To develop and implement a Web-EMCS

• To develop and implement control algorithms for energy use optimization

• Calendar: from 01/03/2012 to 01/03/2015

• Coordination: Loccioni / AEA Partners: 11 from 4 countries

•Call: CIP/PSP

RenewIT

IT Management. Green

Management Algorithms

Cloud

Middleware

for VM

Optimisatio

n of the VM

placement

Energy Concepts

Renewable

Heat

Energy

Efficiency

Free cooling

Solar cooling

Tri-generation

Photovoltaics

Heat Pumps

DH&C Network

connection

Inte

gra

tion

of

Energ

y S

yste

ms

Monitoring and Metrics

High Performance (HP)

System for HP DC.

Integration of improvement on

standards on green IT

Ad

van

ced

En

erg

y M

od

ellin

g

Ren

ew

IT T

oo

l

To develop an advanced energy simulation tools for Data Centres capable of modelling a

wide range of novel energy efficiency and renewable energy strategies integrated in urban

systems to improve their energy and environmental performance.

26

Objective :

Research and development in the field of electrical

generation from renewable energy sources, with

emphasis in wind and solar PV, grid integration,

“smart grids”, micro grids and electric mobility.

Principal lines of work:

• Power Systems Engineering

• Electrical Machines and Power Electronics

• Control, Automation and Communication

• Energy Markets and Regulation

Electricity and Power Grids

TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Area Manager: Manel Sanmartí

Research fields of the EERA-IREC

28

Microgrid

Emulation power source

Microgrid

Renewable power source

DC

400V AC 400V AC

400V AC

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1

15

2

30

3

45

4

60

5

75

6

90

7

10

58

12

09

13

60

15

11

16

62

18

13

19

64

21

15

22

66

24

17

25

68

27

19

28

70

30

21

31

72

33

23

34

74

36

25

37

76

39

27

40

78

42

29

43

80

45

31

46

82

48

33

49

84

51

35

52

86

Solar irradiation

Data table

Measurements

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1

15

2

30

3

45

4

60

5

75

6

90

7

10

58

12

09

13

60

15

11

16

62

18

13

19

64

21

15

22

66

24

17

25

68

27

19

28

70

30

21

31

72

33

23

34

74

36

25

37

76

39

27

40

78

42

29

43

80

45

31

46

82

48

33

49

84

51

35

52

86

Generated power

Power to the microgrid

EMULATION CONCEPT

COMPLETE IREC’S MICROGRID

30

MicroGrid technologies: emulated and real systems

3 x Wind emulators (SCIM) & real

generator DFIG-PMSG-SCIG (5.5 &5.5 kVA)

Fly Wheel5 kW

Generation

Storage

Load

Io-Li Batery

5 kW & 20 kWh

Ultracaps 5 kVA & 55 Wh

@ 400V 5 kVA Storage /Generation/Load

Lineal loads15 kW

200 KVA GRID Emulator Frequency control,

amplitude, harmonics,

unbalances, voltage

dropps, flicker

AC/DC operation

Islanded/Grid connected

Creating cluster of MICROGRIDS

Some research lines:

•Wide area measurements: applied to multiple microgrids in regional power grids

•Protection of microgrids: early detection of power grid faults, allowing future isolation of

microgrids

•Control of multiple microgrids: integration of measurements and microgrid central controllers

32

DEVICES and DER

CONTROL &

MANAGEMENT METERING &

COMMUNICATIONS

KIC – Active

Subestations

SMART GRIDS PROJECTS AT IREC

KIC – Instinct

KIC – Smart Power

DER IREC 22@

MIcrogrids

VERDE PREEMPTIVE

IDEAL

Charge&Ride

SmartGrid ZFB

Smart City

33

• Green eMotion

• FP7 Programme

• REVE

• Spanish Government

• IVECAT

• Catalan Government

• Optimal location of fast charging stations in BCN

• Internal Project

Power system

• VERDE

• CENIT Programme

• V2M (Vehicle 2 Microgrid)

• ENDESA

• SURTIDOR

• AVANZA 2 Programme

• FASTPLAN

Charging facilities

• Retrofit HYBRID – TMB

• NUCLIS Programme

• Life cycle analysis

• Internal Project

• SAPIENS/SAFARI

• FP7

Electric vehicles

Electromobility projects As one of the most promising alternatives for increasing transport energy efficiency and

reducing its environmental impact, electromobility has become one of the main strategic

research activities within IREC with several projects along the entire value chain.

Green eMotion Project

Data collection main results

Public access 68.4% installed

28.4% uses

Household 8.5% installed

31.2% uses

Office parking 20.6% installed

40.4% uses

Average charge duration (IC95%(m))

Average charge consumption (IC95%(m))

Charge infrastructure use

18:00

5:59

Others 2.5% installed

E F

75% EV run up

to 52km between

charges

When starting a

charging process

the average battery

level is 60.46% SOC (CI95%(mSOC) = [60.22%,

60.69%]).

EV driver behaviour

46.5% of the vehicles are used for business; among

them, the 99.5% belong to private companies.

The second category in terms of frequency is the

captive fleet with a 31.98% of the vehicles and, among

them, the 50% belong to private companies and 42.1%

to municipalities.

Data collection – final results (draft version)

FASTPLAN Optimal location of fast charging stations

The aim of this project is to find the optimal location of EV fast

charging stations by means of two methodologies:

o applying a classical flow-refueling planning model,

o and simulating an entry game of strategic interactions.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Po

rcen

taje

acu

mu

lad

o

Po

rcen

taje

po

r #

ele

ctro

line

ra

Porcentaje suministrado por # electrolinera Modelo 1

Porcentaje suministrado por # electrolinera Modelo 2

Porcentaje acumulado Modelo 1

Porcentaje acumulado Modelo 2

37

Lighting

Objective:

To develop energy-efficient lighting solutions from the scientific and technological

research and the demonstrative projects, based on:

Research Areas:

• Materials and innovative concepts

• Intelligent lighting (control systems)

• Photometry, Color and Human Factors

Transverse Knowledge:

• Simulation: optical and thermal design, electrical modeling

• Prototyping: electronics and optical design

TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Group leader: Dr. Josep Carreras

Materials for Lighting

Intelligent Lighting

Light measurement

LIGHTELLIGENCE

ACC1Ó / GENERALITAT

ECOE

INNPACTO

MINECO

LED4ART

EU CIP

HILED

FP7 ICT 11

AMALIE

MINECO

SILENCE

MINECO

INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS

CURRENT PROJECTS

DEAL

EU KIC INNOENERGY

THE LIGHTELLIGENCE CONCEPT

LIGHTING GROUP FACILITIES

• Laboratory of Photonics & Optoelectronics

• Laboratory of Photometry, Colorimetry and Human Factors

• Simulation and HPC (High Performance Computing) Lab

• Intelligent Lighting / Daylighting Laboratory

• Lightroom: Our demonstration and testing space

LED and small

luminaries

50 cm of diameter

Medium and large sized

Luminaries

2 m of diameter

Goniophotometer for LEDs

and small lamps

INDEX

1. IREC Introduction

2. Energy Efficiency: Systems, Buildings and Communities

3. The Smart City Energy Vision

42

Sponsors:

Financed by:

Manel Sanmartí

msanmarti@irec.cat