Energy-Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas ... - China Energy … · China Energy Group ... (tCO 2 /104...

Energy-Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policy Options:

Assisting Chinese Cities in Prioritizing and Choosing Strategies to Implement to Become a

Sustainable Community

LynnPriceChinaEnergyGroup

LawrenceBerkeleyNa8onalLaboratory

ACEEESummerStudyonEnergyEfficiencyinBuildingsAugust18,2014

China’sEnergyUseandCO2Emissions

2

Source:NBS,2013.ChinaSta7s7calYearbook.Note:Mtce>>EJ=0.0293;EJ>>Quads=0.9478

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2012

Mtce

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012

Mtce

PrimaryEnergyUsebySectorinChina (1980-2012)

CommercialResidentialTransportIndustry

US

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2012

MillionTonn

esofCO2

China

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2012

MillionTonn

esofCO2

USEnergy-RelatedCO2Emissions (2012)

•  2009/10:Chinabecametheworld’slargestenergyconsumero  ~70%ofChina’sprimaryenergyuseiscoalo  ~70%ofChina’selectricityiscoal-based

•  2006/07:Chinabecametheworld’slargestemiUerofenergy-relatedCO2

China’sUrbaniza8onTrends

•  China’surbanpopula7ongrowth:o  About20%ofthetotalpopula7onin1980o  About50%in2010o  Expectedtobeabout80%in2050

3EnvironmentalEnergyTechnologyDivision

Urban

Rural

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Millions

Source:United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013).World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.

China’sEnergyandCarbonTargets

•  China’senergyandcarboncommitmentso  11thFiveYearPlanenergyintensitytargeto  Domes7cannouncementandCopenhagenAccordo  12thFiveYearPlanenergyandcarbonintensitytargets

•  China’slowcarbondevelopmentpilotso  2010:

§  5provinces:Guangdong,Liaoning,Hubei,Shaanxi,Yunnan§  8ci7es:Chongqing,Tianjin,Shenzhen,Xiamen,Hangzhou,Nanchang,Guiyang,Baoding

o  2012:§  Increasedtoatotalof6provincesand36ci7es

4

ReviewofExis8ngLowCarbonTools

•  Seekingatoolforenergy/carboninventory,benchmarking,energy/carbonpolicyop7ons,energy/carbonsavings,andpolicypriori7za7on

•  Sixexis7nglowcarbonurbanplanningtoolswerereviewed•  WorldBank’sToolfortheRapidAssessmentofCityEnergy

(TRACE)developedbyWorldBank’sEnergySectorManagementAssistantProgram(ESMAP)o  Includesenergyinventory,benchmarking,energysavingspoten7al,

priori7za7on,ac7onsin6end-usesectorso  Doesn’tincludecarbon,industrialsector(whichispredominantin

Chineseci7es),indicatorsandac7onsnotnecessarilyapplicabletoChinesesitua7on

o  Requireson-the-groundconsultantstoimplement=slowspeedofdissemina7on/adop7on


BenchmarkingandEnergySavingToolforLowCarbonCi8es(BEST-Ci8es)•  DevelopmentfundedbyEnergyFounda7onChina;traininganddissemina7onfundedbyEFChinaandU.S.DepartmentofEnergy

•  Developedincollabora7onwithWorldBankexperts,drawingfrommethodologyandexperiencewithTRACE,andChina’sEnergyResearchIns7tute

•  ConsidersChinesedataavailability•  Chineseenergyunits•  AvailableinEnglishandMandarin•  Citywidedataplus9sectors:

o  Industryo  Public&CommercialBuildingso  Residen7alBuildingso  Transporta7ono  Power&Heato  PublicLigh7ngo  Water&Wastewatero  SolidWasteo  UrbanGreenSpace


BenchmarkingandEnergySavingToolforLowCarbonCi8es(BEST-Ci8es)


City&SectorData

CityData•  Popula7on•  GDP•  Climatezone•  Primaryenergyconsump7on•  GHGemissions•  HumanDevelopmentIndex•  ShareofindustryandservicesectorGDPSectorData•  Annualenergyconsump7onbyfuelfor9sectorsinphysicalunits(e.g.

metrictonsofcoalconsumed)


Energy&CarbonInventory


•  Energyinventoryo  Fuelsconvertedtofinalenergyuseforcityand9enduse

sectorso  UsesfuelenergyconversionfactorsfromChina’sNa7onal

BureauofSta7s7cso  ReportsinChineseenergyunits

•  Carboninventoryo  FuelsconvertedtoCO2emissionsforcityand9enduse

sectorso  UsesCO2emissionsfactorsfromtheIPCCo  ReportsinmetrictonsofCO2


Sector KPIName

Citywide Totalcitywideprimaryenergyconsump7onpercapita(peryear)(tce/person)

Citywide TotalcitywideGHGemissionspercapitaperyear(tCO2/capita/yr)

Citywide TotalcitywideGDPpercapitaperyear(104/capita/yr)

Industry Finalenergyconsump8onperunitindustrialvalueadded(tce/104RMB)

Industry TotalGHGemissionsperunitofindustrialvalueadded(tCO2/104RMB)

Industry Shareoffossilfuelintotalindustrialenergyconsump7on(notincludingheatandpower)(%)

Industry Shareofelectricityintotalindustrialenergyuse(%)

Industry Finalenergyconsump7onpertonneofsteelproduc7on(tce/tonne)

Industry Finalenergyconsump7onperunitofbuildingmaterialsvalue-added(tce/RMB)

Industry Finalenergyconsump7onpertonneofcementproduc7on(tce/tonne)

Industry Finalenergyconsump7onpertonneofflatglassproduc7on(tce/tonne)

Industry Finalenergyconsump7onpertonneofsynthe7cammoniaproduc7on(tce/tonne)

Industry Finalenergyconsump7onperunitoftex7lesectorvalue-added(tce/RMB)

Industry Finalenergyconsump7onpertonneofethyleneproduc7on(tce/tonne)

Industry Finalenergyconsump7onperunitoffoodsectorvalue-added(tce/RMB)

Benchmarking:35KPIsCitywideandin8Sectors


Sector KPIName

Public&CommercialBuildings Publicbuildingselectricityintensity(kWh/m2)

Public&CommercialBuildings %ofcitywidefloorspacein”green”buildingsorotherlabeledbuildings(%)

Public&CommercialBuildings TotalinstalledcapacityofintegratedrenewableorCHPinpublicbuildings(kW)

Public&CommercialBuildings Districthea7ngsuppliedbycogenera7onfacili7es(%)

Residen8alBuildings Residen8albuildingsenergyintensity(tce/capita)

Transporta8on Transporta8onenergyusepercapita(peryear)(tce/capita)

Transporta7on Publictransitnetwork(km/km2)

Transporta7on Modeshareofnon-motorizedtransport(%)

Power&Heat Shareofrenewableenergyinlocalelectricitysupply(%)

Streetligh8ng Grid-connectedelectricityconsumedperkmoflitroadsperyear(kWh/km/yr)

Water&Wastewater Annualwaterconsump7onpercapita(L/capita/yr)

Water&Wastewater Electricitydensityperunitofpotablewatersupply(kWh/m3)

Water&Wastewater Electricitydensityperunitofwastewatertreatment(kWh/m3)

Solidwaste Municipalsolidwastediposedpercapitaperyear(kg/capita/yr)

Urbangreenspace Urbangreenspacepercapita(m2/capita)

Benchmarking:35KPIsCitywideandin8Sectors

Benchmarking


!BEST-Cities Benchmarking: GHG Emissions Per Capita (tCO2e/person)

SectorPriori8za8on:SectorImprovementPoten8al


•  SectorPriori7za7onFormula:[SectorImprovementPoten8al]x[CarbonEmissions]x[CityAuthority]

•  SectorImprovementPoten8alcalcula7onisbasedonasingle“indica8ve”KPIthoughttobestrepresentthesector.

SectorPriori8za8on:CityAuthority


•  SectorPriori7za7onFormula:[SectorImprovementPoten7al]x[CarbonEmissions]x[CityAuthority]

•  CityAuthority:aweigh7ngfactordesignedtoreflectthelevelofpolicycontrolthatlocalauthori7escanexertoveragivensector

SectorPriori8za8on:OverallScore

•  xx


PolicyAnalysis

•  Iden7fiesenergy-savingandemissions-reduc7onpoliciesandprograms

•  Databaseofmorethan70policiesandprogramsthatcanbeadoptedatthecitylevelo  Policy/programdescrip7ono  Implementa7onstrategiesandchallengeso  Monitoringmetricso  Casestudieso  AUributes:carbonsavingpoten7al,firstcosttogovernment,

speedofimplementa7on,co-benefits


CityCapability


•  Rankingcitycapacityforeachend-usesectorinareasof:o  Financeo  Humanresourceso  Policy,regula7on,andenforcement

•  Eachcategoryisgivenalow,medium,orhighra7ng

BuildingsPoliciesResiden8alBuildings PublicandCommercialBuildings

ReachStandardsforEfficientApplianceandEquipment MoreStringentLocalBuildingCodes

BuildingWorkforceTraining GreenBuildingGuidelinesforNewBuildings

GreenBuildingGuidelinesforNewBuildings ExpeditedPermisngforGreenBuildings

MoreStringentLocalBuildingCodes TargetsforEfficientandRenewablesinBuildings

CityEnergyandHeatMaps BuildingEnergyLabelingandInforma7onDisclosure

BuildingEnergyLabelingandInforma7onDisclosure MandatoryBuildingEnergy-EfficiencyAudit

TargetsforEfficientandRenewablesinBuildingsPublicEduca7onCampaignsonBuildingEnergyEfficiencyandConserva7on

ExpeditedPermisngforGreenBuildings MunicipalBuildingEnergyEfficiencyTaskForce

RetrofitSubsidiesandTaxCreditsforExis7ngBuildingsEnergyPerformanceContrac7ngandEnergyServiceCompanies

SubsidesforNewBuildingsthatExceedBuildingCode RetrofitSubsidiesandTaxCreditsforExis7ngBuildingsEnergy-EfficientEquipmentandRenewableEnergyTechnologyPurchaseSubsidies SubsidesforNewBuildingsthatExceedBuildingCodePublicEduca7onCampaignsonBuildingEnergyEfficiencyandConserva7on CityEnergyandHeatMaps

Coopera7veProcurementofGreenProducts

FinancialIncen7vesforDistributedGenera7oninBuildings20EnvironmentalEnergyTechnologyDivision

PolicyReview


PriorityPolicies


Tes8ng,Training,Dissemina8on

•  Tes7ngo  Beta-tes7ngoftool–Jinan,capitalcityofShandongProvince

•  Trainingo  TechnologyDevelopmentStrategyIns7tuteofShandongAcademyofScience


•  Dissemina7ono  Na7onalDevelopmentandReform

Commission,MacroeconomicIns7tute,EnergyResearchIns7tute,Na7onalCenterforClimateChangeStrategyandInterna7onalCoopera7on,EnergyFounda7onChina

o  U.S.-ChinaEcoPartnerships:LBNL’sChinaEnergyGroupandShandongAcademyofScience

ContactInforma8onWebsitehUp://china.lbl.gov/LynnPriceStaffScien7standGroupLeader,ChinaEnergyGroupEnergyAnalysisandEnvironmentalImpactsDepartmentEnvironmentalEnergyTechnologiesDivisionLawrenceBerkeleyNa7onalLaboratory510-486-6519510-710-2877(cell)+86135-2010-9152(Chinamobile)[email protected],ChinaEnergyGroupEnergyAnalysisandEnvironmentalImpactsDepartmentEnvironmentalEnergyTechnologiesDivisionLawrenceBerkeleyNa7onalLaboratory510-486-5534+86137-1888-1321(Chinamobile)[email protected]

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PolicyAppraisal


•  Thecityauthority’scompetencytoimplementrecommenda7onsisratedonthreecategories:1)finance,2)humanresource,and3)policy,regula7onandenforcement.

Citycompetencymeetszerominimumrequirement

Citycompetencymeetsoneminimumrequirement

Citycompetencymeetsorexceedstwominimumrequirement

Defini8onofAhributeTags


•  SpeedofImplementa8on:low(<1year),medium(1-3years),high(>3years)

•  CarbonSavingsPoten8al:low,medium,high

•  FirstCosts:low,medium,high

FinalPriorityDefini8on


•  Recommendedpoliciesinfour“priority”categories:o  Veryhighpriorityo Highpriorityo Mediumpriorityo  Lowpriority

Carbon Savings Potential (tonne)

First Costs (dollar)

Recommenda8onMatrix


Energy-Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas ... - China Energy … · China Energy Group ... (tCO 2 /104...

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