KENYA STANDARD DKS 1054-1:2020

ICS 67.160.20

Sixth Edition

© KEBS 2020

Energy drinks — Specification

Part 1:

Ready-to-drink energy drinks

APPROVED 2019-10-15

DKS 1054-1:2020

ii © KEBS 2020 – All rights reserved

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION

The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

Coca Cola Central East and West Africa Ltd.

Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI)

Government Chemist’s Department

Kenyatta National Hospital — Department of Nutrition

Consumer Information Network

Ministry of Health — Division of Food Safety

Excel Chemicals Ltd ― Foods Division

Kenafric Industries Ltd.

Kevian Kenya Ltd.

Victoria Juices Ltd.

Aquamist Ltd.

Patco Industries Ltd.

Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat

REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS

In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly reviewed. Suggestions for

improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are

welcome.

© Kenya Bureau of Standards 2019

Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 130 of 2001 of the Laws of Kenya, copyright subsists

in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 25 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bureau of Standards

may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from the

Managing Director.

KENYA STANDARD KS 1054-1:2020

ICS 67.160.20

Sixth Edition

© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved iii

Energy drinks — Specification

Part 1:

Ready-to-drink energy drinks

Kenya Bureau of Standards, Popo Road, Off Mombasa Road, P.O. Box 54974 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya

+254 020 6948000, + 254 722202137, + 254 734600471

info@kebs.org

@KEBS_ke

kenya bureau of standards (kebs)

DKS 1054-1:2020

iv © KEBS 2020 – All rights reserved

Foreword

This Kenya Standard has been prepared by the Water Based Flavoured Drinks and Ices Technical Committee under the guidance of the Standards Projects Committee, and it is in accordance with the procedures of the Kenya Bureau of Standards.

This standard stipulates the essential compositional, quality, microbiological, contaminants and labelling requirements for ready to drink energy drinks defined in the standard.

This standard has been developed because the importation, local production and consumption of energy drinks by Kenyans is high and continues to rise, and thus there is need to regulate the industry and ensure quality and safety of the product so as to guarantee health and safety of the consumers.

During the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following document:

Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances Act, Cap 254 of the Laws of Kenya

Acknowledgement is hereby made for the assistance derived from this source.

KENYA STANDARD DKS 1054-1:2020

© KEBS 2020 – All rights reserved 1

Energy drinks — Specification — Part 1: Ready-to-drink energy drinks

1 Scope

This Kenya Standard specifies the requirements for ready-to-drink energy drinks.

This standard does not apply to drinks meant for convalescents and inactive people. It also does not apply to

cereal malt based energy drinks, electrolytic and sports drinks.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

AOAC 979.08, Benzoate, Caffeine and Saccharin in Soda. Beverages. — Liquid Chromatographic Method

AOAC 994.11, Benzoic Acid in Orange Juice — Liquid Chromatographic Method

BS EN 1132, Method determination of the pH-value of fruit and vegetable juices

KS CODEX STAN 192, General standard for food additives

KS EAS 38, Labelling of pre-packaged foods — General requirements

KS EAS 39, Hygiene in the food and drink manufacturing industry — Code of practice

KS EAS 350, Hard-boiled sweets — Specification

KS EAS 803, Nutrition labelling — Requirements

KS EAS 804, Claims — General requirements

KS EAS 805, Use of nutrition and health claims — Requirements

KS ISO 2173, Fruit and vegetable products — Determination of soluble solids — Refractometric method

KS ISO 2447, Fruit and vegetable products — Determination of tin content

KS ISO 4833-1, Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the enumeration of microorganisms —

Part 1: Colony count at 30 degrees C by the pour plate technique

KS ISO 6579-1, Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and

serotyping of Salmonella — Part 1: Detection of Salmonella spp.

KS ISO 6633, Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of lead content — Flameless atomic absorption spectrometric method

KS ISO 6634, Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of arsenic content — Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method

2 © KEBS:2020: – All rights reserved

KS ISO 6888-1, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of

coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species) — Part 1: Technique using Baird-

Parker agar medium

KS ISO 7251, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the detection and

enumeration of presumptive Escherichia coli — Most probable number technique

KS ISO 21527-1, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of

yeasts and moulds — Part 1: Colony count technique in products with water activity greater than 0.95

Public Health Act, Cap. 242 and the Food,

Drugs and Chemical Substances Act, Cap. 254 of the Laws of Kenya.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1

energy drink

type of drink presented as "energy", but distinct from food energy. They may or may not be caffeinated and/or

carbonated and may also contain sugar or other approved sweeteners, including approved non-nutritive

sweeteners, alone or in combination, herbal extracts, taurine, amino acids and other permitted food additives.

NOTE Food energy is energy derived from carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other organic compounds.

3.2

glucose

is refined D-glucose, obtained by controlled hydrolysis of starch containing materials

3.3

glucose-based energy drinks

the aqueous solution of glucose mixed with approved food additives

3.4

caffeine

all caffeine present from whatever source in a formulated caffeinated beverage

3.5

caffeinated beverage

energy drink which contains caffeine and may contain amino acids, vitamins, sugars, other sweeteners and

other substances, including other foods for the purpose of enhancing energy and mental performance

4 Types of energy drinks

Energy drinks shall be either

a) glucose based energy drinks;

b) caffeinated energy drinks with sugar; or

c) caffeinated energy drinks sugar free.

DKS 1054-1:2020

© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved 3

5 Requirements

5.1 Optional ingredients

Optional ingredients specified in Table 1 may be used in ready-to-drink energy drinks provided that the

maximum amounts stipulated shall not be exceeded when tested in accordance with the relevant AOAC test

methods.

Table 1 — Optional ingredients for ready-to-drink energy drinks

S/N Substance Amount/100 ml, max.

Test method

i. Thiamine 1.2 mg

Relevant AOAC method

ii. Riboflavin 1.2 mg

iii. Niacin (mg-NE) 15.0 mg

iv. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 1.3 mg

v. Vitamin B12 2.4 µg

vi. Pantothenic acid 5.0 mg

vii. Taurine 400.0 mg

viii. Glucuronolactone 240.0 mg

ix. Inisitol 20.0 mg

5.2 General requirements

5.2.1 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall be free from contaminants such as dirt, extraneous or suspended

matter.

5.2.2 (Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall be non-alcoholic carbonated or non-carbonated drink containing

carbohydrates derivative(s) dissolved in potable water, with or without the addition of the optional ingredients

provided for in this standard with a minimum energy density of 167.4 kj /100 ml. and a maximum of 325 kj/100

ml.

NOTE 1 Kilojoule (kJ) is equivalent to 0.239 calories (kcal).

5.2.3 Caffeinated beverage/energy drink in addition to complying with 5.2.2, shall contain no less than 14.5

mg/100 ml and no more than 32 mg/100 ml of caffeine.

5.2.4 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall have acceptable flavour and odour and shall be free from rancid,

musty or any other foreign taste characteristic of spoilage.

5.2.5 Sugar free, means energy drink which contains not more than 0.25 % glycogenic carbohydrates.

5.3 Specific requirements

Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall comply with the specific requirements given in Table 2, when tested in

accordance with the test methods specified therein.

4 © KEBS:2020: – All rights reserved

Table 2 — Specific requirements for ready-to-drink energy drinks

S/N Characteristic Requirement Test method

i. Degree brix (oB) at 20 °C a 10.0 – 20.0 KS ISO 2173

ii. pH 2.6 – 4.0 BS EN 1132

iii. Carbon dioxide b, gas volume min. 1 Annex A

iv. Sulphur dioxide mg/kg, max. 100.0 Pearson’s –Tanner method

v. Dextrose equivalent % m/m, min. c 20 Annex B

vi. Benzoic acid, mg/kg, max. 250 AOAC 994.11

vii. Caffeine d, mg/100 ml 14.5 – 32.0 AOAC 979.08

viii. Sugar free (glycogenic carbohydrates) e Brix max.

0.25 KS ISO 2173

a Does not apply to sugar free or reduced sugar energy drinks.

b Applies to the carbonated energy drinks.

c Applies to glucose based energy drinks.

d Applies to caffeinated energy drinks.

e Applies to sugar free energy drinks.

NOTE 1 Reduced calorie energy drinks, shall comply with the requirements of Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances

Act, Cap. 254 of the Laws of Kenya.

NOTE 2 1 Gas volume eqv to 1.966 g/l of CO2.

6 Hygiene

6.1 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall be processed, packaged, stored and distributed under hygienic

conditions in accordance with KS EAS 39, the Public Health Act, Cap. 242 and the Food, Drugs and Chemical

Substances Act, Cap. 254 of the Laws of Kenya.

6.2 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall comply with the microbiological limits given in Table 3, when tested in

accordance with the test methods prescribed therein.

Table 3 — Microbiological limits for ready-to-drink energy drinks

S/N Characteristic Limit Test method

i. Total viable counts cfu/ml, max. 100 KS ISO 4833-1

ii. Eschirichia coli cfu/ml Not detected KS ISO 7251

iii. Salmonella, per 25 ml Absent KS ISO 6579-1

iv. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus cfu/ ml.

Not detected KS ISO 6888-1

v. Yeasts and moulds cfu/ml, max. 10 KS ISO 21527-1

7 Heavy metal contaminants

DKS 1054-1:2020

© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved 5

Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall comply with the heavy metal limits specified in Table 4 When tested in

accordance with the test methods specified therein.

Table 4 — Heavy metal limits for ready-to-drink energy drinks

S/N Contaminant, ppm, max.

Limit Test method

i. Lead 0.1 KS ISO 6633

ii. Tin 150 KS ISO 2447

iii. Arsenic 0.1 KS ISO 6634

8 Food additives

Ready to drink energy drinks may contain only permitted additives in accordance with KS CODEX STAN 192.

9 Packaging

9.1 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall be packaged in containers of food grade material that will protect the

product from chemical, physical and microbiological contaminations.

9.2 The container shall be tamper-evident.

9.3 The fill of the container shall be in accordance with the Weights and Measures Act, Cap. 513 of the Laws

of Kenya.

10 Labelling

10.1 General

The labelling of ready-to-drink energy drinks shall comply with KS EAS 38, KS EAS 803, KS EAS 804 and KS

EAS 805. In addition, the following information shall be legibly and indelibly marked on the container. These

requirements shall also apply to bulk packages:

a) name of the product as defined in Clause 4;

b) brand name/ trade name;

c) name, location and physical address of the manufacturer;

d) country of origin;

e) ingredients in descending order of proportions;

f) declaration of the nutritional information;

g) date of manufacture;

h) expiry date;

i) batch/ lot number;

j) storage condition;

6 © KEBS:2020: – All rights reserved

k) net volume (in metric units); and

l) recommended servings per day.

10.2 Additional labelling requirements

10.2.1 The following designations shall be used where applicable:

a) When food additive sweeteners are employed as substitutes for sugars in energy drinks, the statement, “with sweetener(s),” shall be included in conjunction with or in close proximity to the product name;

b) If non-nutritive sweetener is used, the following words “contains non-nutritive sweetener for special dietary use” shall be declared on the label in close proximity; and

c) The name and type of non-nutritive sweeteners used shall be indicated in the label.

10.2.2 The following additional information shall also be included on the label of ready-to-drink energy drinks

whose formulation includes caffeine:

a) advisory statement to the effect that

1) the drink contains caffeine, and

2) the drink is not recommended for children, expectant/ breastfeeding women and individuals sensitive to caffeine.

b) declarations of the average quantities, per serving size and per 100 ml of

1) caffeine expressed in milligrams, and

2) the substances permitted as optional ingredients.

10.2.3 The quantities of vitamins present in the drink shall not be expressed as a portion or multiple of:

a) recommended dietary intakes or

b) estimated safe and adequate daily intakes of that vitamin.

DKS 1054-1:2020

© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved 7

Annex A

(normative)

Method of measuring gas volume

A.1 Principle

A.1.1 The method involves snifting of the top gas. The pressure reading should drop to 2 psi, to remove the

air before testing for carbon dioxide volume. In so doing correction of altitude as per table should be considered

as pressure is affected by altitude.

A.1.2 The apparatus consists of pressure gauge having a hollow spike with holes in its side. The bottle is

inserted from the side into the slot provided in the neck of the carbon dioxide tester and is secured in place by

tightening with a threaded system. The pressure gauge is inserted until the needle point touches the crown cork.

There is a snift valve on the gauge stem which is kept closed until the needle point of the pressure gauge is

forced through the crown cork. The reading is noted on the gauge.

A.2 Procedure

Clamp the bottle in the frame of the gas volume tester. Pierce the crown cork but do not shake the bottle. Snift

off the top gas quickly until the gauge reading drops to zero. Make certain to close the valve instantly the needle

touches zero in the pressure gauge. Shake the bottle vigorously until the gauge gives the reading that additional

shaking does not change. Record the pressure. Note the temperature and record. Obtain the volume of gas

from pressure-temperature chart (carbon dioxide chart).

Annex B

DEXTROSE EQUIVALENT

PRINCIPLE

Methods most commonly used for estimation of aldose-type sugars are based on their reducing action toward

certain metallic salts. In the following procedure dextrose, maltose and related sugars contained in the sample

reduce copper sulfate in an alkaline tartrate system (Fehling's Solution). Dextrose equivalent is defined as

"reducing sugars expressed as dextrose and calculated as a percentage of the dry substance."

SCOPE

The method is applicable to crude and refined corn sugars, corn syrups and all starch hydrolyzates prepared

by acid or enzyme conversion and combinations thereof. This method can be used for the analysis of starch

molasses. (Note1)

It is not applicable to syrups containing fructose or invert sugar. (Note2)

SPECIAL APPARATUS

Titrating Assembly: Mount a ring support on a ringstand 1-2 ins. above a gas burner and a second ring 6-7 ins.

above the first. Place a 6 in. open wire gauze on the lower ring to support a 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask and a 4

in. watch glass with center hole on the upper ring to deflect heat. Attach a 25 mL buret to the ringstand so that

8 © KEBS:2020: – All rights reserved

the tip just passes through the watch glass centered above the flask (funnel top buret with diagonal TEFLON

Plug, KIMAX No. 17055F recommended). Place an indirectly lighted white surface behind the assembly for

observing the end point.

REAGENTS

1. Fehling's Solution:

A. Dissolve 34.64 g of reagent grade crystalline copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O) in purified water

and dilute to 500 mL volume.

B. Dissolve 173 g of reagent grade potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate (KnaC4H4O6•4H2O) and 50 g of

reagent grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in purified water and dilute to 500 mL volume. Measure a quantity of

Solution A, add an equal quantity of Solution B, and mix (Note 3). Standardize as follows, immediately prior to

use: Dry a quantity of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) dextrose in a vacuum oven at 70

°C for 4 hrs. Dissolve 3.000 g in purified water, dilute to 500 mL volume and mix thoroughly. Pipet 25.0 mL of

mixed Fehling's Solution into a 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask that contains a few glass beads, and titrate with the

standard dextrose solution as directed under procedure. Adjust concentration of Fehling's Solution A by dilution

or addition of copper sulfate so that the titration requires 20.0 mL of the 0.6% standard dextrose solution.

2. Methylene Blue Indicator: 1% aqueous solution

PROCEDURE

Weigh accurately an amount of sample such that after dilution the solution contains about 0.6% reducing sugars

(Note 4). Transfer the sample quantitatively to a 500 mL volumetric flask with the aid of hot water, cool to room

temperature, dilute to volume and mix thoroughly. Pipet 25.0 mL of standardized mixed Fehling's Solution into

a 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask and add a few glass beads. Add the sample solution by means of the buret to within

0.5 mL of the anticipated end point (determined by preliminary titration). Immediately place the flask on the wire

gauze of the titration assembly, and adjust the burner so that the boiling point will be reached in about 2 mins.

Bring to boil and boil gently for 2 mins. As boiling continues, add 2 drops of methylene blue indicator and

complete the titration within 1 min. by adding sample solution dropwise or in small increments until the blue

color disappears (Note 5).

Determine the dry substance concentration of the sample by an approved procedure.

CALCULATION

(Sample Titer, mL)(Sample Wt., g)

% Reducing Sugars (asis, calc.as dextrose)=(500𝑚𝐿)(0.1200)(100)

(𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟.𝑀𝑙)(𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑊𝑡.𝑔)

Dextrose Equivalent=(% 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑠)(100)

%𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

DKS 1054-1:2020

© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved 9

NOTES AND PRECAUTIONS

1. starch is defined as molasses "the by-product of the manufacture of dextrose from starch derived from corn

or grain sorghums in which the starch is hydrolyzed by use of enzymes and/or acid."

2. Pure D-fructose responds to Fehling solution differently from D-glucose and its oligo- and polysaccharides.

The method may be standardized against a mixture of saccharides of similar composition to the test sample

and the results may be expressed as mg reducing sugars in the sample.

3. Fehling's Solution in mixed form is relatively unstable but may be retained up to 1 week if standardization is

confirmed before using.

4. In the analysis of refined sugars, use 3 g of sample dry substance. For other sample types, including starch

molasses, calculate approximate sample weight using the following formula:

Sample Weight=(3𝑔)(100)(100)

(𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐷.𝐸.)(%𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)

Concentration should be such that sample titer is near 20 mL, but should not exceed limits of 15 and 25

mL. Inter- and intralaboratory precision is improved by adjusting all sample concentrations to provide titers

between 19 and 21 mL.

5. When approaching the end point, allow about 5 secs. reaction time between additions of sample solution.

METHOD HISTORY

Combined the Dextrose Equivalent (Lane and Eynon) methods for Corn Syrup (E-26) and Corn Sugar (F-22)

on 4-15-2010.

Corn Syrup, Dextrose Equivalent (Lane and Eynon) (E-26), Date of Acceptance 5-27-1968, Revised 7-9-1993.

Corn Sugar, Dextrose Equivalent (Lane and Eynon) (F-22), Date of Acceptance 3-20-1972, Revised 2-27-1996.

DKS 1054-1:2020

© KEBS 2020 – All rights reserved