Energy Consumption in Households FINAL · Minor Appliances 0.53 1.03 0.51 2.36 Lighting and Other...

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26 August 2011

Electricity Consumption in

Households

George SaidManager

Environment and Resources Unit

This project has been part financed by the European Commission through Grant Agreement No. 30304.2009.003-2009.704

Presentation Outline

1. Share of electricity consumption in Malta

2. Survey on quantity and type of appliances in households

• Methodology • Results

3. Electricity consumption in households: technical survey

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Share of Electrical Energy Consumption in Malta

Malta is almost totally dependent on electrical energy.

The households’ sector is one of the largest users of energy in Malta with domestic consumption accounting for around 35 per cent of total electricity consumption.

Survey on Energy Consumption in Households

NSO commissioned a survey in 2010 on energy consumption among 1,500 households using CATI technology, in the course of which information was collected on household characteristics, type and number of appliances and consumption behaviour of household members.

Subsequently, a subcontractor (AIS Ltd) complemented this with detailed technical information. This entailed the on-site measurement of energy consumed in households by means of attaching electrical energy consumption meters to the various appliances within:

- Apartments and maisonettes- Terraced houses - Villas

Households were also asked if they had solar water heaters, photovoltaic panels, micro turbines and energy saving lamps.

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Appliances monitored

The following domestic appliances were monitored for their energy efficiency:

• Fridges/Freezers• Cookers (Gas/Electric)• Cooker hobs• Microwave ovens• Air conditioners• Heaters (Gas/Electric)• Water heaters• Dishwashers• Washing Machines• Tumble dryers• Television sets• Computers/Laptops

CATI Survey Results: Appliances

Chart 1. Kitchen Appliances: Percentage of Total Households

72.16

34.43

87.15

13.59

56.87

14.89

99.93

85.43

18.18

37.47

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Gas

ove

ns

Electr

ic ov

ens

Gas

coo

ker h

obs

Electr

ic co

oker h

obs

Micr

owav

e ov

ens

Dishwas

hers

Fridge

s

Fridge

s with

free

zer

Fridge

s with

out fr

eeze

r

Stand

alo

ne fr

eeze

r

Appliance Type

Per

cen

t

4

Heating/Cooling Appliances

Chart 2. Heating/Cooling Appliances : Percentage of Total Households

58.40

0.87

90.50

9.28

77.35

32.66

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Air conditioningunits

Central heatingunits

Electric w aterheaters

Solar w aterheaters

Gas heaters Electric heaters

Appliance Type

Per

cen

t

Other Appliances

Chart 3. Other Appliances: Percentage of total households

99.01

66.45

96.42

21.12

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Televisions Computers/laptops Washing machines Tumble dryers

Appliance Type

Per

cen

t

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Energy-efficient Appliances in Maltese Households

Chart 4. Energy-efficient Appliances: Percentage of Total Households

5.74

0.87

25.13

6.954.49

35.08

6.92

3.06

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Ove

n

Coo

ker

hob

Frid

ge

Sta

nd a

lone

free

zer

Mic

row

ave

Ove

n

Was

hing

mac

hine

Airc

ondi

tione

r

Dis

hwas

her

Appliance Type

Per

cen

t

Renewable Technology in Maltese Households

9.3Solar water heaters

1.3Solar panels

0.1Micro turbines

Availability of renewable energy in households (%)

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Use of Energy-saving Lamps in Maltese Households

Chart 5. Use of energy-saving lamps by household size (%)

86.50

92.18

95.30

98.32 97.51

80

85

90

95

100

1 2 3 4 5+

Household size

Per

cen

t

Technical Survey Results

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Survey Methodology

The second part of the survey was subcontracted to AIS Ltd through a public call for tenders issued by NSO. This survey, conducted in the winter months, focused on the actual electrical consumption measurement of various appliances which were found in a sample of households which were randomly chosen.

The survey duration for each household was 30 days and a detailed record of the electrical flow for each appliance was kept. Measurements were also taken for the main incomer.

Measuring Equipment and Installation Devices

Measuring equipment

Installation examples of the equipment for the measurement of the electricity flow

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Average Daily Consumption

2.360.511.030.53Minor Appliances

4.273.693.153.21Lighting and Other

1.101.451.601.47TV, HiFi and Computers

2.532.872.522.72Water Heating

2.462.512.471.94Refrigeration

12.7211.0210.769.86Main Incomer

VillasTerraced HousesMaisonettesApartments

Table 1. Average Daily consumption in Units

Usage of Electrical Water Heaters

21.7027.3325.1428.1716.9013.44On at all times

78.3072.6774.8671.8383.1086.56On and off according to use

Total5+4321Household Size

Table 2. Water heaters switched on/off or on at all times: Percentage

Chart 6. Water Heater Electrical Consumption Trend by Household Size

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

00:00

01:00

02:00

03:00

04:00

05:00

06:00

07:00

08:00

09:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

00:00

Time of day

No

. o

f U

nit

s

1 Person Household 2 Person Household 3 Person Household 4 Person Household

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Apartments

Lighting and Other32.56%

Pool Pump0.00%

Solar Heating0.00%

Tumble Dryer0.00%

Washing Machines1.88%

Computers2.99%

Hi-Fi Equipment0.00%

Televisions11.93% Airconditioning

0.00%

Space Heating (non A/C)

0.00%

Water Heating27.54%

Microw ave Ovens0.28%

Electric Ovens and Hobs2.57%

Dishw ashers0.00%

Kettle0.61%

Refrigeration (Fridges and Freezers)

19.65%

Maisonettes


Pool Pump0.00%

Solar Heating0.45%

Tumble Dryer0.58%


Computers5.51%


Televisions9.22%

Airconditioning0.62%


1.30%

Water Heating23.44%



Dishw ashers0.91%

Kettle0.79%


22.92%

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Terraced Houses


Pool Pump0.00%

Solar Heating0.00%

Tumble Dryer0.00%


Computers4.51%


Televisions8.61%



0.01%

Water Heating26.04%



Dishw ashers0.00%

Kettle1.27%


22.77%

Villas


Pool Pump8.04%

Solar Heating0.00%

Tumble Dryer0.18%


Computers1.31%


Televisions7.19%



2.82%

Water Heating19.87%



Dishw ashers0.00%

Kettle1.49%


19.35%

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Overall Maltese Households


Pool Pump1.97%

Solar Heating0.14%

Tumble Dryer0.23%


Computers3.88%


Televisions8.80%



1.10%

Water Heating23.88%



Dishw ashers0.28%

Kettle1.11%


21.65%

Thank you

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Methodological Note on the Survey: Electricity Consumption in Households The main objective of the scientific survey, part financed by an EU grant, was to develop detailed data on energy consumption trends for Maltese households. The initial process was carried out by the NSO. A survey among 1,500 randomly-selected households was conducted, where information on household characteristics, the type and number of appliances, and consumption behaviour of household members was collected. This process was conducted during the summer months last year through a telephone interview using CATI technology, and took three weeks to complete. Data were extracted from the CATI system for analysis. By end-September 2010, all the information required from this interviewing process was concluded. The second part of the project involved the on-site measurement of electricity consumed in households by means of attaching electrical energy consumption meters to the various appliances. This technical survey was subcontracted to AIS Ltd., and was carried out in the winter of 2010/2011. Measuring equipment was installed in different household types, namely apartments/maisonettes, terraced houses and villas. Information was also collected on the type and age of appliances in use. Sixty-one households across Malta accepted to participate in providing electricity consumption data of their appliances. In every residence, the subcontractor ensured that there was no obstacle, physical or logistical, preventing the success of the survey itself. A stock-take of existing appliances within the households was carried out. The subcontractor then proceeded to attach the measuring devices to the appliances. These devices varied according to whether the appliance was a plug-in device or a permanently-connected one. In the latter case, a device with a current transformer (CT) was used. A special tamper-proof sticker was applied to the device controls in order to ensure trustworthy readings. The subcontractor also took note of the individual meter serial numbers, leaving the instruments in a logging state. The meters allowed for the measurement of the total electricity consumption (in kWh) of a particular appliance over a time span of 30 days. Two types of meters were used in the survey. The plug-in type meter allowed plug-in appliances to be monitored without modification to their wiring. These were ideal for kettles, irons and TV sets, among others. The other type employed a clip-on current transformer (CT), which is able to measure the electrical current on permanently-connected appliances without physical modifications or disconnections. Such appliances would include air conditioners and water heaters. Commercially-available instruments that are suitable for domestic use were employed in respect of both meter types. All instruments were tested for consistency prior to use. The attachments of these meters to specific appliances did not at all affect the electricity consumption of the sampled households. The survey results enabled the formation of a model of electricity consumption in the households, on the basis of the collected data. For further details, please contact Mr George Said on 2599 7301 or [email protected]

Energy Consumption in Households FINAL · Minor Appliances 0.53 1.03 0.51 2.36 Lighting and Other...

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