Energy Beyond Hydropower

• Atlas Chapter 13

• Figure 13.1 – Energy Consumption

• No PNW sources of natural gas or crude oil

• Refining crude oil – 4 north Puget Sound refineries; historic use of Canadian crude; imported crude (Alaska, Far East)

• Changing supply situation, Alaskan Oil

PrudoeBay

Trans-AlaskaPipeline

West coastoil movements,Canadian production,Alberta, McKenzieRiver DeltaNatural gas fromNorth Slope

Other Energy Sources

• Wind

• Solar

• Natural Gas generators

• Current Northwest Power & Conservation

Council Assessment

A wind-farm like being built very rapidly in the Northwest, butthis picture was taken near Jaisilimar India.. could be Vantage

Alaska Natural

Gas Current

TransCanadaPipelineProposal

Power & Fish: Current Initiatives

Source: Federal Caucus on www

• Biological Assessment (COE, BPA, Brec)

• COE studies - Lower Snake Salmon Migration & John Day Drawdown

• Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem

• Multi-Species Framework

• 2003: The collision of values - producing power and earning $ and implementing fish programs

The Biological Assessment -Hydro

A vision by the “action agencies” - e.g. those engaged in hydropower• Required under ESA; must report to FWS & NMFS

BA requires: (short-run) (1) flow augmentation, (2) reservoir operation to protect Kootenai River while sturgeon & minimize river fluctuations, (3) improved spill measures, (4) Fish transportation, (5) predator control

Long run: (1) Breaching studies, (2) Water quality studies, (3) Passage Improvements• BA Construct for Achieving Survival Improvements - delayed transport mortality; multiple bypass effects

Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Study

• Studies ways to improve migration conditions. Alternatives are:

(1) No action

(2) Maximum transport of juvenile fish

(3) Same as (2) but surface bypass for Lower Granite Dam, minimizing stress on fish

(4) Breaching 4 dams, recreating 140 miles of free-flowing river.

Lower Snake Study, cont.

• Effects on salmon and steelhead:

Reliance on NMFS studies - PATH (Plan for Analyzing and Testing Hypotheses), and CRI (Critical Risk Initiative)

• Economic and Social Studies

• Tribal Circumstances and Perspective

• Engineering Analysis of Dam Breaching

John Day Dam Drawdown Study

• To study (in phase I) drawing down the first dam below the Snake-Columbia

• Options include full draw-down and partial

• COE report

Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project• Undertaken due to Presidential directive

• DEIS out, but due to controversies, Supplemental DEIS now being prepared

• Covers 140 million acres of the PNW, 2/3 of our land area, of which 64 million acres are managed by USFS & BLM

• Key objective- to determine the role of federal lands in habitat recovery efforts

Alternatives in ICBEMP

S1: No action

S2: A short - run strategy to protect aquatic and terrestrial habitats

S3: A long- run strategy with higher levels of restoration, and flexibility, remedies to help impacted communities, and commitment to “maintaining predictable and sustainable products and services from forests and rangelands.

The Multi-Species Framework Project

An NWPPC project

Goal: to link wildlife restoration policy to a scientific foundation.

• Seven alternatives for the future

• See NWPPC website for details

? Integration of all these efforts?

? Interaction of the 3 key branches of our government (judicial, legislative, executive), at both the federal and state levels.????

2010: Fish versus Power $• Implementing the Federal Caucus

Comprehensive Columbia-Snake River Salmon Plan (Dec. 2000)

- habitat improvements away from dams

- changes in hatchery systems

- no breaching in the short-run of Snake R. dams

• Key is flow management - e.g. reducing power generation to provide water for fish.

Revenue implications for BPA.

Fish versus Power 2010, cont.•Two “Biological Opinions” undergird this plan, by NMFS, and USFWS – now “remanded” and replaced by new Biological Opinion NMFS - (1) sets goals to improve salmon survival in locations away from dams, and for fish passage, and (2) establishes performance standards for federal agencies. Built-in review timetables. The All-H Paper (Basin-Wide Salmon Recovery Strategy) - habitat, hatcheries, harvest, hydropower. USFWS - addresses bull trout & white sturgeon

From the 2008 FCRPS Biological Opinion

From ExecutiveSummary of 2008Biological OpinionOf NOAA Fisheries,Adopted by the Sovereign parties in2008. Expected to beIn place for at least10 years.