Energy aspects and environmental impacts of cellular systems3 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation...
Transcript of Energy aspects and environmental impacts of cellular systems3 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation...
-
1 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateI insert classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Energy aspects and environmental impacts of cellular systems
Hans-Otto Scheck
-
2 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Nokia Siemens Networks vision 2015: The World connected
Applications pre-dominantly
in Internet
Applications pre-dominantly
in Internet
Broadband Everywhere
5 Bn people connected
Multitude of business models
For the coming years:
• New growth markets driving growth
• Penetration of fixed and wireless broadband access growing fast
• Usage of bandwidth hungry applications increasing
-
3 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Access Network Bandwidth Evolution
2000 20050,01
0,1
1
10
100
1.000
Use
r dat
a ra
te [M
bps]
ADSL1-3 Mbps
ADSL6-8 Mbps
ADSL2plus16-20 Mbps
VDSL225-50 Mbps
GPON*100 Mbps
GPRS*0,075 Mbps
UMTS*0,384 Mbps
HSDPA*3.6-7.2 Mbps
NG-PON*DSM L3
Wireline
Wireless
LTE*
HSDPA*1.8 Mbps
WiMAX*HSPA MIMO*
* Bandwidth of shared media (e.g.wireless, PON) are commercial offersper subscriber
2010
…how about energy consumption?
-
4 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
The information and communications technology (ICT) energy usage and CO2 emissions
Industrial, ~ 31%
Residential, ~ 24%
Commercial, ~ 23%
Travel & Transports,~ 20%
ICT~ 2 %
Global energy usage by industry
Aviation 2%
• Telecom industry’s direct impact: ~0.4% of global CO2 emissions
-
5 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Life cycle thinking – key focus areas
Design for Environment (DfE) Supplier Network
Management
End-of-Life Practices (EoL)
Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
Rawmaterials
Product & technology development
Suppliers’activities
Own operations
Use
Reuserecovery
recyclingdisposal
• Innovative products• Energy consumption • Origin of the materials• Hazardous materials• Amount of materials• Recyclability
• Take back• Disassembly • Recycling• Re-use• Safe disposal
• Responsibility in the value chain
• Good housekeeping• Energy• Waste
• Guidance for environmentally sound use• Energy efficient products• Operational efficiency
-
6 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Mobile networks: Focus on where energy goes -Radio
Mobile CS Core
Mobile PS Core IP Core
Transport
Typical power consumption per active element
1 W 500-1500 W 11000 W
Typical power consumption during a voice call
1 W 3-30 W 1 W
• The high number of base stations compared to core elements make them by far the largest energy consumer in mobile networks.
-
7 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Base station energy consumption reduction
Base station architecture • Improve efficiency of power amplifier• Remote radio head at the antenna
Improved energy efficiency removes need for air cooling.
System level features• Sleep mode for idle TRX• Shut down TRX during low traffic periods.• Smart antenna concepts• Variable number of TRX in MIMO systemsIndirect savings• Size reduction reduces raw material
consumption, saves transport and installation costs
OPEX• Power• Site rental• Remote capacity
provisioningCAPEX• Site implementation• Site construction• Transmission• Antenna system• Power system
When compared with typical previous-generation WCDMA base-stations, the power reduction for the Nokia Siemens Networks Flexi BTS is 60%.
-
8 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Technology is improving –The requirements are rising• Power amplifier efficiency has been constantly improved.• Higher spectral efficiency requirement (higher order modulation)
compensates the gain.• For analog technologies there is the 100% efficiency limit.
100% efficiency limit
1990 2000 2006
PA Efficiency
“Analog technology improvements go stepwise and are regularly set back by increasing requirements”
Learning curve
Higher order modulation8dB back-off
Digital pre-distortion& Doherty PA
Stepwise improvements with new architecture
WCDMAGSM LTE
Higher order modulation
10dB back-off
Set-backs by increasing requirements
2010
@HOS Nov06
40%
30%
20%
10% Feed-forward
Digital pre-distortion
Envelopetracking
-
9 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Technology is improving –Flexibility to rapidly match market needs
• Reduced power consumption of advanced digital semiconductor processes
• Complexity slows down ASIC design and increases NRE• The need to serve a changing market requires flexibility
Flexibility
Power consumption(mW/MOPS)
Dedicatedlogic
Dedicatedlogic
µ Processorµ Processor
Memory
µ Processorµ Processor
Memory
µ Processor
Memory
Addr.MAC
µ Processor
Memory
Addr.MAC
0% (H/W) 100% (S/W)
0.01
0.1
1
10
ASIC
0.001
CPUFPGA
µProcessor
Memory
SatelliteProcessor
SatelliteProcessor
SatelliteProcessor
µProcessor
Memory
SatelliteProcessor
SatelliteProcessor
SatelliteProcessor
DSP
10 -06© HOS
Maximi
ze flexi
bility
Minimi
ze pow
er cons
umptio
n
-
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Sites amount reduction, renewable energy sources
Improved radio coverage to minimize number of base stations sites
• 2-way and 4-way diversity, AMR, DFCA• Smart antennas radio sites, MIMO• Use of low frequency bands• 6-sector sites• Extended Cell• Radio access sharing• Optimal network design / planningRenewable energy sources• Solar, wind and hybrid solutions.
Doubling the radio link distance quadruples
coverage area of a cell
Most technologies are available today. Most technologies are available today.
-
11 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Home BTS, wireless relays
FixedIP network
DSL InternetFEMTO
Gateway
Macro site
Mobile CS Core
Home BTS
Mobile PS Core
• A new trend: Home BTS based solutions• But:
• To cover the total city area of Helsinki about 100 sites are needed with an average power consumption of 1kW, resulting in a total of 100kW• To cover only Helsinki’s buildings requires approximately 200.000 WLAN sites consuming 10W each, resulting in an electrical power consumption of 2000kW
-
Fixed broadband access (GPON, DSL)
CentralOffice
VDSL2
Cabinet
splitter
Remote converter
copper loop
• Existing copper loop length is often too long for VDSL. Deployment typically requires fiber led DSLAM in a cabinet or in a building • Equipment vendors, operators and regulatory bodies (e.g. European Commission) working together to define common energy targets.
12 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
-
13 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Environmental Impacts of Radio Networks -More than BTS energy consumption• Production and materials• Packaging materials• Transport and network rollout• Power consumption during operation• Travel for maintenance• Power supply for remote sites• Recycling• Application
NSN code of conduct:Commitment to reduce environmental effects during all
product life cycles and making this a business asses.
-
Green values and environmental issues
• Global warming based on human activities
• Overflow of waste tips, health impacts now even an issue in China
• Production according to ISO standards is monitored globally
• Growing political activity on energy management
• Return rules for electronics• Sustainable energy industry
has exceptionally high growth rates
Solarworld:1900% growth
Figure 2: World Ecological Footprint, 1961-1997
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
billio
n "a
rea
units
"
Ecological Footprint
Available biocapacity
Available biocapacity allowing10% for nature reserves
Our biological footprintabove earth’s capacity
Smog in HangzhouGlobalwarming
14 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
-
15 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / DateSoc Classification level
Nokia SiemensNetworks
Summary
• New network elements expected to consume less energy than their predecessors, in spite of increased capacity and bandwidth.
• New products, architectures and solutions design, including use of renewable energy sources, will drive the CO2 footprint for Next Generation Networks down.
• Can the growing energy consumption caused by the rapid growths of telecom users and data rates be compensated by technology improvements?
Energy aspects and environmental impacts of cellular systemsNokia Siemens Networks vision 2015: The World connectedAccess Network Bandwidth EvolutionThe information and communications technology (ICT) energy usage and CO2 emissionsLife cycle thinking – key focus areasMobile networks: Focus on where energy goes - RadioBase station energy consumption reductionTechnology is improving – The requirements are risingTechnology is improving – Flexibility to rapidly match market needsSites amount reduction, renewable energy sourcesHome BTS, wireless relaysFixed broadband access (GPON, DSL)Environmental Impacts of Radio Networks -More than BTS energy consumptionGreen values and environmental issuesSummary