Energy Around the World

2014-2015

e

Energy Around the WorldStudents explore energy use in other countries and compare it to energy use in the United States.

Science

Grade Levels:

Pri

Ele

IntSec

Subject Areas:

Language Arts

IntermediateElem ElementaryPri

Ele

IntSec Secondary

Social Studies

Math

Technology

2 Energy Around the World

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NEED Mission StatementThe mission of The NEED Project is to promote an energy conscious and educated society by creating effective networks of students, educators, business, government and community leaders to design and deliver objective, multi-sided energy education programs.

Teacher Advisory Board StatementIn support of NEED, the national Teacher Advisory Board (TAB) is dedicated to developing and promoting standards-based energy curriculum and training.

Permission to CopyNEED materials may be reproduced for non-commercial educational purposes.

Energy Data Used in NEED MaterialsNEED believes in providing the most recently reported energy data available to our teachers and students. Most statistics and data are derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Review that is published yearly. Working in partnership with EIA, NEED includes easy to understand data in our curriculum materials. To do further research, visit the EIA web site at www.eia.gov. EIA’s Energy Kids site has great lessons and activities for students at www.eia.gov/kids.

1.800.875.5029www.NEED.org

© 2014

Teacher Advisory BoardShelly BaumannRockford, MI

Constance BeattyKankakee, IL

Amy ConstantRaleigh, NC

Nina CorleyGalveston, TX

Regina DonourWhitesburg, KY

Linda FonnerNew Martinsville, WV

Samantha Forbes

Vienna, VA

Michelle Garlick

Viola HenryThaxton, VA

Bob Hodash

DaNel HoganTucson, AZ

Greg HolmanParadise, CA

Linda HuttonKitty Hawk, NC

Matthew InmanSpokane, WA

Barbara LazarAlbuquerque, NM

Robert LazarAlbuquerque, NM

Leslie LivelyPorters Falls, WV

Jennifer Winterbottom Pottstown, PA

Mollie MukhamedovPort St. Lucie, FL

Don Pruett Jr.Sumner, WA

Josh RubinPalo Alto, CA

Joanne SpazianoCranston, RI

Gina SpencerVirginia Beach, VA

Tom SpencerChesapeake, VA

Jennifer Trochez MacLeanLos Angeles, CA

Joanne Trombley

West Chester, PA

Carolyn WuestPensacola, FL

Wayne YonkelowitzFayetteville, WV

Jen VarrellaFort Collins, CO

Robert GriegolietNaperville, IL

www.eia.gov

www.eia.gov/kids

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© 2014 The NEED Project P.O. Box 10101, Manassas, VA 20108 1.800.875.5029 www.NEED.org 3

Table of Contents �Standards Correlation Information 4

�Teacher Guide 5

�Sample Script 8

�Continent Profiles 9

�Continent Maps 13

�Country Profiles 19

�Evaluation Form 47

Energy Around the World

The information in this publication is taken from the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the CIA World Factbook, and the International Energy Agency.


Standards Correlation Informationwww.NEED.org/curriculumcorrelations

Next Generation Science Standards � This guide effectively supports many Next Generation Science Standards. This material can satisfy performance expectations, science and engineering practices, disciplinary core ideas, and cross cutting concepts within your required curriculum. For more details on these correlations, please visit NEED’s curriculum correlations web site.

Common Core State Standards � This guide has been correlated to the Common Core State Standards in both language arts and mathematics. These correlations are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED curriculum correlations web site.

Individual State Science Standards � This guide has been correlated to each state’s individual science standards. These correlations are broken down by grade level and guide title, and can be downloaded as a spreadsheet from the NEED web site.

need.org/curriculumcorrelations


& BackgroundCountries use many energy resources at different levels of consumption depending on the climate, available resources, level of industrialization, economic status, and culture. The purpose of this activity is to introduce students to the different ways that people in other countries produce and consume energy by providing information on a representative sample of countries throughout the world. This activity is designed for use with upper elementary, middle school, and secondary students.

Concepts �The world’s energy resources are not equitably distributed throughout the world. Some countries are rich in resources, while others lack resources.

�Industrialized nations consume a disproportionate share of the world’s energy resources.

�The availability of resources, the climate, culture, level of industrialization, and economic well-being contribute significantly to the type and amount of resources consumed in different countries.

�Countries in the Northern Hemisphere use more energy resources and are more industrialized than countries in the Southern Hemisphere.

Materials �Sample script for teacher demonstration �United States profile for comparison and contrast �One country profile for each student �One corresponding continent profile for each student �Poster board, transparencies, or digital projector for use in presentations

✔Procedure

Step One—Preparation1. Make one country profile for each student.

2. Divide the country profiles into five continent groups: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Australia, as a country-continent, will be discussed in the teacher demonstration. Information on Antarctica is also provided for you to present to the students, since it is not an organized country.

3. Make enough copies of each continent profile and continent map so that every student assigned a country within that continent will have one of each. Attach one continent profile to each country profile.

4. Project the profile of the U.S., or copy, and provide one for each student.

Teacher Guide

Grade Levels �Elementary, 5

�Intermediate, 6-8

�Secondary, 9-12

TimeFive 45-minute class periods (plus out-of-class research)


Step Two—Introduce Unit to the Class1. Introduce the activity to the class by explaining that each student will be preparing a short presentation to the class on his/her assigned

country. Students will also work in groups, according to continent, to prepare a short group profile of their continent.

2. Give students a general overview of energy use around the world, and review background information and concepts, using the continent profiles as a source of information. Refer to NEED’s Energy Infobooks for more background information, if necessary. The Infobooks are available at the elementary, intermediate, and secondary levels and can be downloaded from www.NEED.org.

3. Distribute one country profile to each student and have the students form continent groups.

4. Give students an explanation of Antarctica. Discuss why students will not be tackling Antarctica in their groups. Present the sample script on Australia. You may choose to get into costume while presenting Australia’s information, to encourage creativity in student presentations. Example props may include a fake boomerang, bush hat, khaki clothing, or a rugby shirt.

5. After your presentation, restate the important energy information that was given.

6. Give the class the remainder of the class period to familiarize themselves with the information about their individual countries. Briefly discuss the U.S. profile as a class so that the students can compare and contrast their countries’ data and have a familiar context with which to work. If the students are unfamiliar with some of the statistics, explain the meaning of them at this time.

7. It should be emphasized that the statistics, on their own, are of little value. It is in the context of comparison with other countries around the world that they become meaningful. Caution students not to state the statistics themselves in their reports, but to compare the statistics to those of the U.S. and other countries on their continent, and to think about what those statistics tell them about the standard of living in their countries.

NOTE: International energy statistics can take several years to reflect recent events. Data for individual countries is often reported differently and takes longer to compile. Data for these profile reflects the most recent data for the individual countries and continents, which in most cases is 2012 data.

8. For many students, an explanation of per capita may be helpful. The production and consumption statistics, especially, should be explained to younger students, so that they understand that industry and business are included in these figures. All students need to understand that the figures represent the consumption and production of the entire country, divided by the population—and that individuals do not consume or produce the energy reported.

For example: not every individual in the U.S. consumes 273 million Btu of energy per year—but the statistic indicates a highly industrialized society that consumes a large amount of energy. On the other hand, Greenland in not highly industrialized—why is its energy consumption per capita so high? The climate and very small population, as well as population density, are factors that should be considered.

9. Electricity generation data is categorized four ways: Hydropower, Thermal, Nuclear, and Other Renewables. Discuss the sources of energy used to generate electricity in each category to help students understand the resources used by each country. Thermal includes all fossil fuels, biomass, and geothermal - anything that creates heat to generate electricity. Other Renewables includes solar and wind only.

10. Discuss with students that throughout the profiles, measurements are reported in metric units. Students may want to convert these measurements for context during their presentations. Ask students why they think all units have been reported in metrics, while income figures are reported in U.S. Dollars. Go over the following terms of measurements with the class:

�1 Btu (British thermal unit) = approximately the amount of energy released by burning one wooden kitchen match. �1 Q (quad—1 quadrillion (1015) Btu). Quads are used to measure very large quantities of energy. The U.S. uses one quad of energy about every 3.80 days. �1 MMT (million metric ton). A measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide released by fuel use.


11. Give the students the following instructions:

�Each of you has been assigned a country about which you will prepare a short presentation like the one I’ve just given. A map of your country should accompany your presentation.

�You will also work as a group to prepare a short presentation on the continent in which your country is located. Using the individual profiles I have given you, compare and contrast the countries within your continent. Use the data about the United States, too. The statistics themselves aren’t the only important part of your report. You should also compare your statistics with those of the U.S. and the other countries on your continent, and report what they tell you about your country. You will need to think about what your statistics mean. You might need to do some additional research to find some interesting information about your country and your continent. Be as creative as possible.

�Create a presentation that displays the continent. The location of your countries should be a part of your presentation. Presentations can be multimedia, including posters, PowerPoints, or animations. In your group, you might want to assign different tasks to the members. One member might create the presentation, one might do the research, one might write the sample script, and one might deliver the presentation, for example. You will have the rest of the class period to plan your presentations. Are there any questions?

Step Three—Monitor Group Work1. Make sure that each group has assigned tasks to each member of the group.

2. Give the groups a few minutes at the end of each of the next few class periods to check on the progress of their work. On the day before presentations are due to begin, give the groups 15 minutes to practice their presentations.

Step Four—Student Presentations1. The presentations should begin with a group presentation of one continent, followed by the individual presentations of the countries

within that continent. If a student has been assigned to present the information on the United States, make this presentation first, so that students have a firm understanding of their own country and continent before proceeding to the other continents.

2. Suggest that the students use the continent presentations, as well as the country presentations, to share their information. Once the presentations have been completed, review and discuss the activity concepts.

Step Five—Grading and Evaluation1. You can use the grading guide below or develop your own rubrics.

�Group Presentation—40 points �Individual Presentation—60 points

Technology Extension1. Encourage students to make their presentations using multimedia software or devices.

2. Utilize software, or a spreadsheet program, such as Excel, that will allow students to perform statistical analysis. Have students prepare a graphic analysis as part of their presentations.


“G’day, mates! M’name’s Mathilda and I’m from the land down under—Australia, that is. Australia might be the smallest continent, but it’s the sixth largest country in the world. One continent—one country. Technically speaking, the Commonwealth of Australia is really bigger than the continent, because it includes the island of Tasmania.

Australia is located south of Japan, way south, in the Southern Hemisphere, between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. (Use a world map to show relative size, location, and other islands.) It’s part of a large group of islands called Oceania. These islands include New Zealand, Fiji, and New Guinea.

There are a few mountain ranges in Australia and even a little tropical rain forest, but most of the land is hot, flat, and dry—especially the interior and the north and west coasts. In fact, a lot of the interior, or outback, is grazing land or desert, and nearly deserted. On average, there are only eight people per square mile, compared to the United States that has 90.

Most of us (89 percent) live in cities on the east and southeast coasts, where the climate is temperate, a lot like your California. A city-slicker isn’t your idea of the typical Australian, is it?

I guess you can tell that English is the official language in Australia. The native Australians—the Aborigines—make up less than one percent of the population. The other 99 percent are immigrants or descendants of early settlers, mostly English and Irish.

We Australians live a pretty good life. There’s one car for every two people. Just like in the United States, everybody has to go to school here until they’re 15 or 16, and 99 percent of the people can read and write. Most of us have cell phones, televisions, and computers. We live in a democracy—just like you—and have the same freedoms.

Australia has lots of natural resources, too. It used to be that most of our money came from exporting wool, meat, and wheat, all grown on that vast interior land I told you about. But in the last 35 years, things have changed. We discovered that we have vast deposits of coal, iron ore, gold, uranium, and bauxite (the ore from which aluminum is extracted). Now mining is our major industry. In fact, Australia is the largest exporter of coal in the world. We export most of our coal to Japan and other Asian countries.

We’ve discovered oil and gas fields, too. We’ve begun building long pipelines to move the oil and gas to industrial areas.

Almost ninety-one percent of our electricity comes from thermal energy—burning coal and natural gas, mostly. The rest comes from hydropower plants and other energy sources. There are only a few areas here that have enough rainfall to power hydro plants. We have a lot of sun, though, and in the last few years, development of solar facilities has begun. Even though we have huge deposits of uranium, we don’t produce electricity in nuclear power plants.

Using fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Australia emits a lot of carbon dioxide—over 17 metric tons per person. That’s slightly more than the average American produces. The Australian government signed the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

A lot of people in Australia are also worried about mining coal, uranium, and other minerals, and the effect it has on the environment. We Australians are very protective of our beautiful country, and our laws make environmental concerns an important part of every decision that is made.

So long, mates. If you have any questions, I’d be glad to try to answer them before I head down under.”

Sample Script: Australia


Continent Australia

Size 7,682,300 square kilometers, the smallest of the seven continents

Population 22,760,000 People

89.2% Urban, 10.8% Rural

Government Federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm

Language English

Per Capita Income (U.S. Dollars)

$43,000

Transportation 550 cars per 1,000 people

Literacy Rate 99%

Climate Most of Australia is very hot and dry; much of the interior is desert. The coastal areas of the east, southeast, and southwest (where most people live) are the only temperate regions.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 6.7%Thermal 90.7%Other Renewables 2.6%

Energy Production Total 11.77 Q

Energy Consumption Total 4.88 Q

214.26 million Btu/capita

CO2 Emissions 396.8 MMT (17.4 metric tons/capita)

Energy Balance Exports over half of the energy it produces, mostly coal. Australia is the worlds largest exporter of coal.

Resources Australia is a major world producer and leading exporter of coal. Its coal reserves are immense. It also has significant reserves of oil and gas, large deposits of uranium, and hydropower potential.

Environmental Concerns Australians are very concerned about environmental issues. They are concerned about soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices. They are also concerned about soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water. Other concerns include desertification; habitat preservation of threatened species; protecting the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast; and limited natural freshwater resources. As coal mining continues, a watchful eye is kept on the mining industry.

Australia

CONTINENT PROFILE


Continent Antarctica

Size 13,998,886 square kilometers, fifth largest continent

About one and a half times the size of the United States

Population 4,400 people in summer; 1,100 in winter

Transient population—mostly researchers from many countries working at remote research stations. Few researchers stay more than two years.

Government The Antarctica Treaty of 1959 allows for an international group to govern. The Treaty requires that Antarctica only be used for peaceful purposes.

Language None

Transportation Mostly by ship and airplanes with skis. There are no cars in Antarctica.

Climate Antarctica is almost entirely covered by ice more than one mile thick. It is the coldest and windiest continent with temperatures rarely climbing above freezing. About 70 percent of the fresh water in the world is locked in the ice of Antarctica.

Electricity Generation Each research station has its own generator. Use of alternative energy sources to fossil fuels is encouraged, especially solar and wind generators.

Energy Resources The potential energy and mineral resources under the ice of Antarctica have not been fully explored. Locked in the ice is an enormous amount of methane, but there is no known method at this time to extract it without damaging the ecology. There are some countries that are calling for Antarctica to be declared a world park with a ban on mining. Other countries, especially Chile and Argentina, see this ban as a threat to their territorial rights.

Environmental Concerns Climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer may have adverse effects on the fragile ecology and marine food chain. The waters around Antarctica are feeding grounds for whales.

Antarctica

Population 546 million people

Resources North America is the third largest continent. Much of North America is rich in minerals. There is abundant coal and uranium and vast reserves of petroleum and natural gas, especially in offshore deposits. There is potential for expanded use of geothermal energy. Most countries have potential for expanded use of hydropower.



Energy Balance Imports and exports vary greatly by country. As a whole, the continent imports about 15 percent of the energy it consumes.

North America and Central America

CONTINENT PROFILE



Resources South America is the fourth largest continent. Located in the Southern Hemisphere, it has one of the world’s most important resources—the Amazonian rain forest. The rain forest is a major source of oxygen for the planet. The Amazon River, which flows through South America, is one of the world’s longest rivers and carries one-fifth of all the water that runs off the Earth’s surface to the oceans.

South America is rich in energy resources, many of them not yet measured. The largest petroleum deposits are located in Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Colombia has large deposits of coal, with lesser amounts found in Brazil, Venezuela, and Chile.

Large deposits of natural gas are found in Venezuela and Argentina, with lesser reserves in Colombia, Brazil, and Bolivia. Chile, Peru, and Ecuador also have natural gas deposits. Argentina has large deposits of uranium.



Energy Balance Exports petroleum. Imports coal. Exports about 18 percent of the energy it produces.

South America

Population 1.072 billion people

Resources Africa is the second largest continent and contains almost one-sixth of the world’s population. It rests in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, with the Equator running through its middle. Much of the northern half of the continent is part of the Sahara Desert. Tropical rain forest lies along the Equator, and large tropical grasslands fill much of the remaining interior. The more temperate areas of the extreme north and south are the best agricultural lands.

The central and southern parts of the continent are rich in minerals. Deposits of petroleum and natural gas are found in some of the northernmost countries. Many of the resources of Africa have not been fully explored yet, and few are fully utilized.



Energy Balance Exports petroleum, natural gas, and hydroelectric power. Exports more than half of the energy it produces.

Africa

CONTINENT PROFILE



Resources Europe, the sixth largest continent, has a wide variety of countries, cultures, and climates. Most of the countries have abundant resources. There are major deposits of coal, petroleum, and natural gas in many areas. Many of the countries have hydropower potential.

Offshore oil and gas deposits in the North Sea could be immense. France has a well-developed nuclear program. A large portion of eastern Europe is suffering from contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear accident and other nuclear and chemical discharges.



Energy Balance Imports petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Imports just under half of the energy it consumes.

Europe

Population 4.216 billion people

Resources Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world. Asia is home to 55 percent of the world’s population. China alone contains about twenty percent of the world’s people, and India another 18 percent. Japan, with few resources of its own, is the most industrialized country.

The huge areas of China and Russia have vast resources of coal—most of it underdeveloped. The arid countries of the south have the major petroleum and natural gas deposits in the world. Many countries also have vast hydropower potential.



Energy Balance Exports a little less than 10% of the energy it produces. The Middle East exports a large amount of petroleum; parts of Asia import large amounts of coal and petroleum.

Asia and the Middle East

CONTINENT PROFILE


Antarctica

CONTINENT MAP


North and Central America

GREENLANDICELAND

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CANADA

MEXICO

PACIFICOCEAN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

HAITI

DOMINICAN REPUBLICJAMAICA

CUBA

GUATEMALAEL SALVADOR

COSTA RICA

BELIZEHONDURAS

NICARAGUA

PANAMA

PUERTO RICO

THE BAHAMAS

ST. PIERRE ANDMIQUELON

TURKS AND CAICOS

BERMUDA

CONTINENT MAP


South America

PACIFIC OCEAN

ATLANTICOCEAN

BOLIVIA

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

PERU

BRAZIL

FRENCH GUIANA (FRANCE)

SURINAME

GUYANA

CHILE

ECUADOR

PARAGUAY

URUGUAY

FALKLANDISLANDS (U.K.)

SOUTHGEORGIAISLAND (U.K.)

ARGENTINA

CONTINENT MAP


Africa

TUNISIAMOROCCO

ALGERIA

MAURITANIA MALINIGER

LIBYA

CHAD

EGYPT

SUDAN

SUDA

A

N ETHIOPIA

DJIBOUTI

ERITREA

UGANDA SOMALIAKENYA

TANZANIA

CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC

RWANDA

BURUNDI

GABON

EQUATORIALGUINEA

NIGERIABENIN

TOGO

BURKINA

GUINEA

SIERRALEONE

SENEGAL

GHANA

THEGAMBIA

GUINEABISSAU

LIBERIA CAMEROON

MALAWI

ZAMBIA

MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCARZAMBABWE

BOTSWANA

SWAZILANDLESOTHO

SOUTH

SOUTH

AFRICA

NAMIBIA

NGOLA

WESTERN SAHARA

INDIANOCEAN

ATLANTICOCEAN

FASO

REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

DEMOCRATICREPUBLICOF THECONGO

ST. HELENA

ASCENSION

TRISTA DA CUNHA

COTE D’IVOIRE(IVORY COAST)

CONTINENT MAP


Europe

RUSSIA

FINLAND

AUSTRIA

ITALY

SPAIN

ICELAND

SWEDEN

NORWAY

GERMANY

FRANCE

PORTUGAL

HUNGARY

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

TURKEY

DENMARK

POLAND

BYELARUS

UKRAINE

UNITEDKINGDOM

NORTHSEA

ATLANTICOCEAN

MEDITERRANEANSEA

CZECHREPUBLIC SLOVAKIA

GREECE

CYPRUS

ANDORRA

NETHERLANDS.

BELGIUM

IRELAND

SERBIA

ALBANIA

MOLDOVA

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

LUXEMBOURG

MONTENEGRO

BOSNIAAND

HERZEGOVINA

CROATIASLOVENIA

SWITZERLAND

MACEDONIA

GIBRALTAR

MONACO

VATICAN CITY

MALTA

ISLE OF MAN

FAROE ISLANDS

LIECHTENSTEIN

KOSOVO

SVALBARD

JAN MAYEN

AKROTIRIDHEKELIA

SAN MARINO

GUERNSEYJERSEY

BLACKSEA

CONTINENT MAP


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CONTINENT MAP


United StatesContinent North America

Size 9,826,675 square kilometers

Population 318,301,086 people

82.4% Urban 17.6% Rural

Government Multiparty democracy, constitution-based federal republic

Language English


$52,800


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate The United States has a broad range of climates. The interior north and Alaska can have severe winters and cool summers. The south is generally hot in the summer, the east is humid, and the west is dry.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 7.9%Thermal 69.8%Nuclear 18.9%Other Renewables 3.4%




CO2 Emissions 5,287.2 MMT (16.9 metric tons/capita)

Energy Balance Imports 21 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly as petroleum.

Resources The U.S. is rich in energy resources. There are vast deposits of coal. There are abundant petroleum and natural gas reserves, especially in Alaska and offshore. There is also the potential to increase energy production from geothermal, hydropower, solar, biomass, and wind.

Environmental Concerns

Many urban areas suffer from air pollution, caused mainly from vehicle use. Being a large carbon dioxide emitter from burning fossil fuels, global climate change is of great concern. However, there is opposition to increasing the use of nuclear power to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Offshore drilling for petroleum is monitored carefully for its environmental impact. There is increasing emphasis on renewable energy, conservation, and recycling. People in western states must manage limited freshwater resources.

CanadaContinent North America


Slightly larger than the U.S.



Government A parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy

Language English and French


$43,100


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate Canada, the world’s second-largest country, takes up the northern part of the continent. Its climate ranges from polar in the north to cool in the south, with the interior colder than the coastal areas.

Electricity Generation* Hydropower 59.0%Thermal 24.5%Nuclear 14.7%Other Renewables 1.9%





Energy Balance Exports 29 percent of the energy it produces.

Resources Canada is a world leading exporter of forest products and producer of uranium. It has vast coal, hydropower, and natural gas reserves. Canada also has vast oil reserves, including the Alberta Tar Sands. Additional oil and gas are thought to exist in the Arctic regions. Oil and gas are exported to the U.S. It is also a major producer of hydropower.


Ozone depletion is a major concern along with air pollution from industry and vehicle emissions. Acid rain is causing damage to lakes and forests.

*Due to rounding, total does not add to 100%.

COUNTRY PROFILES


GreenlandContinent North American island

Size 2,175,600 square kilometers total550,031 square kilometers of land areaSlightly more than three times the size of Texas

Population 57,728 people


Government Parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Language Danish and Greenlandic (East Inuit)


$38,400

Transportation No data available

Literacy Rate 100%

Climate The climate is polar. All but the narrow, rocky costal areas are covered by polar icecap.

Electricity Generation Thermal 100%

Energy Production Total 0 Q

Energy Consumption Total .009 Q


CO2 Emissions 0.65 MMT (6 metric tons/capita)

Energy Balance Imports all of the energy it consumes.

Resources Fishing and fish processing are the key industries. However, mining is an increasing part of the economy.


A depletion of fishing stock is a concern. Also, ensuring the protection of the Artic environment.

CubaContinent North American island country

Size 110,859 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Pennsylvania



Government Communist state

Language Spanish


$10,200


Literacy Rate 99.8%

Climate Cuba’s sub-tropical climate is hot—very hot in the summer. There is plentiful rainfall in the mountains and to the north, but very little in the south.

Electricity Generation* Hydropower 0.9%Thermal 96.2%Other Renewables 3.0%

Energy Production Total 0 .225 Q




Energy Balance Imports about 58 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources Cuba’s major resource is sugar. It also has mineral deposits and petroleum reserves that it is beginning to develop. It has chronic fuel deficiencies and trades petroleum from Venezuela for services of Cuban medical personnel.


Cuba’s main concern has been deforestation for fuel, and the resulting loss of biodiversity. Air and water pollution are also concerns.


COUNTRY PROFILES


GuatemalaContinent North America (Central America)

Size 108,888 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Tennessee



Government Constitutional democratic republic

Language Spanish


$5,300


Literacy Rate 75.9%

Climate The coastal regions are tropical (average temperature 28 degrees Celsius) with more temperate climate in the mountains of the interior.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 39.8%Thermal 58.4%Other 1.8%





Energy Balance Imports 28 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources Guatemala has large oil reserves and hydropower potential that have not been exploited. Most of its electricity comes from one hydropower plant that has been shut down on occasion because of lack of rain. Agriculture is a large income source.


More than half of its forests have been destroyed. Soil erosion and water pollution are problems.

HaitiContinent North American island country

(Central America)

Size 27,749 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Maryland



Government Republic

Language French and Creole


$1,300


Literacy Rate 48.7%

Climate Haiti’s climate is tropical equatorial/oceanic with less humidity than average in the Caribbean.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 16.7%Thermal 83.3%






Resources Haiti has few energy resources except hydropower.


Most of its forest land is gone and much of its soil is eroded—it is one of the most environmentally damaged countries in the world. Lack of safe drinking water is a problem.

COUNTRY PROFILES


MexicoContinent North America

Size 1,972,540 square kilometersSlightly less than three times the size of Texas



Government Federal republic

Language Spanish


$15,600


Literacy Rate 93.5%

Climate The Pacific coast areas are tropical, while the interior mountains and central plateau are warm and very dry.







Resources Mexico has vast undeveloped coal and hydro resources as well as large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. It is one of the largest producers of oil, most of which comes from offshore wells in the Gulf of Mexico.


The government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation to be national security issues. Serious air and water pollution surrounds Mexico City, a large metropolitan area.


PanamaContinent North America (Central America)

Size 78,205 square kilometersSlightly smaller than South Carolina



Government Constitutional democracy

Language Spanish


$16,500


Literacy Rate 94.1%

Climate Panama has a tropical climate—hot and humid with more rain in the north than south.

Electricity Generation Hydro 52.2%Thermal 47.8%






Resources Panama has large deposits of copper. It has great hydropower potential and is pushing development of hydropower plants to reduce dependence on oil imports. It has large areas of rain forests.


The rain forest is being destroyed at alarming rates, resulting in soil erosion. There is also concern over pollution from copper mining.

COUNTRY PROFILES


ArgentinaContinent South America

Size 2,766,874 square kilometersSlightly smaller than 3/10 the size of the U.S.



Government Republic

Language Spanish


$18,600


Literacy Rate 97.9%

Climate Argentina makes up most of the southern half of South America. The northeast is sub-tropical, the mountains in the north are dry, and the south is snowy. There is desert in the western lowlands, while the plains have a temperate climate with heavy rain in the summer.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 24.6 %Thermal 70.5 %Nuclear 4.9%





Energy Balance Imports 3.5% of the energy it consumes.

Resources Argentina has a wealth of natural resources, many not yet developed. Known resources include hydropower, oil, natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, lead, and uranium. Nuclear energy has been encouraged and oil and gas exploration is increasing.


Argentina has typical environmental concerns for an industrialized country, including deforestation and air and water pollution. It is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction targets.

BrazilContinent South America


Slightly smaller than the United States


87% Urban 13% Rural


Language Portuguese


$12,100


Literacy Rate 90.4%

Climate Half of Brazil is in the Amazon Basin—the world’s largest rain forest. The climate here is hot and wet all year round. Most of the rest of Brazil is a plateau, where the temperature varies greatly throughout the year, with cool winters and hot summers.






Energy Balance Imports 7.7 percent of the energy it consumes.

Resources Brazil has large reserves of coal, oil, and uranium. It has plans to build additional power plants. Hydropower development has been successful and has great potential. Brazil is the second largest producer of ethanol in the world.


The biggest concern has been destruction of the rain forest due to expanded agriculture. Urban and industrial pollution are also major problems.

COUNTRY PROFILES


ColombiaContinent South America

Size 1,138,960 square kilometersSlightly less than twice the size of Texas


75% Urban 25% Rural

Government Republic

Language Spanish


$11,100


Literacy Rate 93.5%

Climate The interior lowlands and coastal regions are hot with abundant rain, while the mountainous regions of the Andes are temperate with seasonal variations.







Resources Large petroleum and coal deposits and well developed hydropower make Colombia self-sufficient in terms of energy. It also has reserves of natural gas and gold. It exports coal to Europe and the U.S., and produces 60 percent of the world’s emeralds.


Rising pollution in rivers and soil erosion and depletion from overuse, combined with air pollution from vehicle emissions are rising concerns.

ChileContinent South America

Size 756,945 square kilometersSlightly smaller than twice the size of Montana


89% Urban 11% Rural

Government Republic

Language Spanish


$19,100


Literacy Rate 98.6%

Climate Because of its shape, Chile has a varied climate. The north has the world’s driest desert, and is cool for its latitude. The central regions have mild winters and hot, dry summers. The Andes have an alpine climate with glaciers and year-round snow. The south is usually rainy and wet.

Electricity Generation*

Hydropower 32%Thermal 60%Other Renewables 7.6%






Resources Chile is the world’s most important copper producer and also produces a large amount of gold. It has reserves of natural gas, petroleum, and coal, as well as hydropower potential.


The environment is not well protected in Chile. The major concerns are smog in cities and logging in the south. Water pollution from untreated sewage is also a problem.


COUNTRY PROFILES


Ecuador

Continent South America

Size 1,285,217 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Alaska



Government Constitutional republic

Language Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara


$11,100


Literacy Rate 89.6%

Climate Peru is located just south of the Equator, but has many different climates. The coastal region is mostly desert, with low clouds and fog causing cool winters. The slopes of the Andes have a wide range of temperatures, while the tropical Amazon Basin receives year-round rain.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 55.0 %Thermal 43.1 %Other Renewables 1.9 %





Energy Balance Exports 12.0% of the energy it produces.

Resources Peru has large, untapped oil reserves that are now being explored. Peru recently opened its first liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant and now exports natural gas.


There is concern that industrial pollution is damaging the coastal fishing industry, and that widespread spraying of chemicals to destroy cocoa plants (used to make cocaine) is polluting the rivers.

Peru

Continent South America

Size 283,560 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Nevada



Government Republic

Language Spanish


$10,600


Literacy Rate 91.6%

Climate The climate is hot in the lowlands and mild in the mountains.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 54.9%Thermal 42.3%Other renewables 2.8%





Energy Balance Exports 54.3% of the energy it produces.

Resources Ecuador has an abundance of oil. It also has great hydropower potential. Ecuador is a large net exporter of petroleum and its economy is fairly dependent on its earnings.


Drilling for oil in the Amazon is disturbing the habitat of nomadic tribes that have had no contact with civilization. Tourism in the Galapagos Islands has severely damaged the ecosystem.

COUNTRY PROFILES


VenezuelaContinent South America

Size 912,046 square kilometersSlightly more than twice the size of California




Language Spanish


$13,600


Literacy Rate 95.5%

Climate The coast is very hot and dry. The plains alternate between flooding and drought, while the highlands to the south are cold.







Resources Petroleum is the most important resource to the economy. Venezuela also has large reserves of coal, bauxite (aluminum ore), iron, and gold. It has enormous hydropower potential.


The destruction of the rain forest and oil pollution of Lake Maracaibo are major concerns. Also of concern is urban and industrial pollution along the Caribbean coast.

COUNTRY PROFILES


AlgeriaContinent Africa


Slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas


73% Urban 27% Rural

Government Republic

Language Arabic


$7,500


Literacy Rate 72.6%

Climate The coastal climate is temperate. South of the Atlas Mountains, the rest of the country is desert.






Energy Balance Exports 71.1 percent of the energy it produces.

Resources Algeria has large reserves of petroleum, uranium, and natural gas. It exports natural gas to Europe and to the U.S. Algeria must import food and grain.


Desert land is expanding because of stripping of vegetation for firewood and animal stock. Rivers are polluted from petroleum refining and industrial and sewage wastes.

CameroonContinent Africa

Size 475,768 square kilometersSlightly larger than California


52% Urban 48% Rural

Government Republic, multiparty presidential regime

Language English and French


$2,400


Literacy Rate 71.3%

Climate The coast is tropical with semi-arid portions and the north is hot and dry.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 72.3%Thermal 26.7%Renewables 1%






Resources Cameroon has oil and natural gas resources as well as bauxite (aluminum ore). Timber is a major export, along with agricultural products.


Deforestation, overgrazing, and overfishing are all concerns. Waterborne diseases are abundant.

COUNTRY PROFILES


Democratic Republic of the CongoContinent Africa

Size 2,344,858 square kilometersSlightly less than one-quarter the size of the U.S.



Government Republic

Language French


$400


Literacy Rate 66.8%

Climate The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has a tropical climate—warm and humid with little change throughout the year. Average temperature is 25 degrees Celsius; average rainfall is 150-230 centimeters.







Resources The DRC has immense natural resources, especially minerals, oil, and hydropower potential. Sixty percent of the DRC is covered with rain forest. It also has reserves of uranium. Its hydropower potential, if developed, could supply much of Africa. Mismanagement has made the DRC one of the world’s poorest countries, but it could be one of Africa’s richest.


The DRC’s rain forest contains 50 percent of Africa’s woodlands. Because of poor transportation, major industrial destruction of the woodlands has not begun, but much is being used for firewood. The environmental impact of the mining industry is a concern.

Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)Continent Africa

Size 322,459 square kilometersSlightly larger than New Mexico


51% Urban 49% Rural

Government Republic, multiparty presidential regime

Language French


$1,800


Literacy Rate 56.9%

Climate Located just above the Equator, the average temperature is nearly 27.5 degrees Celsius. The coastal areas have two rainy and one dry season, while the inland north has a small amount of rain year round.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 29%Thermal 70%Renewables 1%






Resources Cote d’Ivoire has significant offshore reserves of petroleum and natural gas, but they are underdeveloped. The potential for hydropower is abundant. Much of the interior is forested. Cote d’Ivoire is the world’s largest producer and exporter of cocoa beans.


Deforestation due to overuse and export of timber is the main concern. Water pollution from industry, agriculture, and untreated sewage is also a concern.

COUNTRY PROFILES


EthiopiaContinent Africa



17% Urban 83% Rural


Language Amarigna, English, and Arabic


$1,300

Transportation 1 car per 1,000 people

Literacy Rate 39%

Climate Climate is temperate in the mountain regions, which make up most of Ethiopia. The west has plentiful rainfall. The desert areas of the northeast and southeast are very hot and dry with frequent drought.







Resources Ethiopia has potential natural gas reserves, but they have not been explored. It also has great potential for hydropower. The main energy sources for most people are still firewood and dung.


Erosion from destruction of forests for firewood and overgrazing. Poor water management practices cause shortages.

EgyptContinent Africa

Size 954,825 square kilometersSlightly more than three times the size of New Mexico



Government Republic

Language Arabic


$6,600


Literacy Rate 73.9%

Climate Egypt is mostly desert, except for the area in the Nile Valley. Summers are very hot, winters cooler, with significant rainfall only in winter along the Mediterranean coast.


Hydropower 8.2%Thermal 90.6%Other Renewables 1.1%






Resources Egypt has large reserves of oil and natural gas, as well as uranium. Most of the oil production is consumed locally. Egypt’s Aswan Dam provides most of the hydroelectric power, and natural gas provides most of the thermal production.


There are chronic water shortages in most of Egypt. The damming of the Nile to produce electricity contributes to the shortage. Heavy industrial pollution and rapid growth in population are major concerns.


COUNTRY PROFILES


KenyaContinent Africa

Size 582,646 square kilometersSlightly more than twice the size of Nevada


24% Urban 76% Rural

Government Republic

Language Kiswahili and English


$1,800

Transportation 13 cars per 1,000 people people

Literacy Rate 87.4%

Climate The coast and the Great Rift Valley are hot and humid, the interior plateau region is temperate, and the desert in the northeast is hot and dry.






Energy Balance Imports 19.5 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum.

Resources Kenya may have petroleum reserves in its South Lokichar basin; exploration is currently underway. Kenya produces electricity from geothermal energy, with installed capacity of at least 200 megawatts, and the potential to produce 10,000 megawatts from this resource. Currently most petroleum used in Kenya is imported.


Kenya has an important wildlife tourist trade, so emphasis on environmental stewardship has begun to grow. Water pollution from urban, industrial, and agricultural wastes is a concern.

LibyaContinent Africa

Size 1,760,047 square kilometersSlightly larger than Alaska


78% Urban 22% Rural

Government Operates under a transitional government

Language Arabic


$11,300


Literacy Rate 89.5%

Climate Libya’s climate is mostly hot desert except for on the coast, which has a warm temperate climate with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.






Energy Balance Exports 58.5 percent of the energy it produces, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

Resources Libya has large petroleum and natural gas reserves. Water is scarce. Libya imports about 75 percent of its food.


Most of Libya is desert wasteland. The major concern is limited water supply that is poorly managed.

COUNTRY PROFILES


NigeriaContinent Africa

Size 923,763 square kilometersSlightly more than twice the size of California


50% Urban 50% Rural


Language English


$2,800


Literacy Rate 61.3%

Climate The desert north is very hot and dry with only one rainy season; the south is hot, rainy, and humid most of the year. The highlands are more temperate.







Resources Nigeria is rich in energy resources with large deposits of petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Biomass is used in rural areas for cooking and heating.


Pollution, especially from the oil industry, is a major concern. Rapid deforestation is leading to soil degradation and desertification.

South AfricaContinent Africa



62% Urban 38% Rural

Government Republic

Language 11 official languages, including English and Afrikaans


$11,500


Literacy Rate 93%

Climate The temperate climate is dry, with drought as a constant threat.


Hydropower 1.9%Thermal 92.7%Nuclear 5.1%Other Renewables 0.2%






Resources South Africa is rich in natural resources, especially minerals. It is a world leader in production of gold and diamonds, and has huge coal and uranium reserves, but little petroleum. Most of the electricity produced is from coal-fired plants. Coal and natural gas are used to make synthetic gasoline. Many of the rural parts of the country have no electricity. Solar power is being developed.


The majority of concerns center on water—demand out-pacing supply, pollution from agricultural and urban sources, and lack of extensive water conservation and control measures.


COUNTRY PROFILES


BelarusContinent Europe

Size 207,598 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Kansas


75% Urban 25% Rural

Government Republic

Language Belarusian and Russian


$16,100


Literacy Rate 99.6%

Climate The climate is cool and moist in the summer and very cold in the winter.






Energy Balance Imports 86 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly from Russia as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Resources Belarus has very few energy resources, just small reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Peat is the major mineral resource.


The southern part of the country was contaminated by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl disaster in neighboring Ukraine. Many people continue to get sick from radioactivity. Much of the land and water remains contaminated.

Czech RepublicContinent Europe

Size 78,865 square kilometersSlightly smaller than South Carolina


74% Urban 26% Rural

Government Parliamentary democracy

Language Czech


$26,300


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate The climate is a moderate continental climate with cool summers and cold, cloudy winters.






Energy Balance Imports 25 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly oil and natural gas, and exports low-Btu coal.

Resources The Czech Republic has petroleum, natural gas, coal, and uranium resources.


Air and water pollution in specific regions present health risks. Acid rain is damaging forests.


COUNTRY PROFILES


GermanyContinent Europe

Size 357,020 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Montana

Population 80, 996,685 people

74% Urban 26% Rural


Language German


$39,500


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate The climate is temperate. Winters and summers are both cool, cloudy, and wet.







Resources Germany has few energy resources, with small reserves of coal, petroleum, and natural gas. It imports most of the oil and about half of the gas it uses.


Germany has strong pollution controls, but air pollution from power plants and industries remain a concern. Acid rain has caused damage to forests. They are phasing out their nuclear power and increasing renewable resources. It is one of the world’s leading users of wind and solar power.


FranceContinent Europe

Size 547,026 square kilometersSlightly less than the size of Texas



Government Republic

Language French


$37,500


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate France has a varied climate—hot in the east, wet in the northwest, and dry in the south.







Resources France is the world’s most dedicated user of nuclear power. It is not a major oil or gas producer. It is a leader in high-speed train and airplane technology. Tourism is a major part of the economy.


France has instituted strict anti-pollution laws and is environmentally active, but air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions as well as water pollution are still concerns. Acid rain has caused damage to forests.

COUNTRY PROFILES


IcelandContinent European island

Size 102,999 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Kentucky

Population 317,351 people


Government Constitutional republic

Language Icelandic and English


$40,700


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate Summers are damp and cool, winters are windy but mild.






Energy Balance Imports 15.9 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly for transportation fuels.

Resources Iceland has no mineral resources, but abundant hydropower and geothermal resources that produce all of its electricity. Heat from geothermal plants is nearly free. Transportation fuels must be imported. Fishing is the main industry.


Depletion of fish stock is a concern. Water pollution from agriculture is also an issue.


GreeceContinent Europe

Size 131,939 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Alabama


61% Urban 39% Rural

Government Parliamentary republic

Language Greek


$23,600


Literacy Rate 97.3%

Climate The climate in Greece varies—the mountains in the north are very cold and the islands in the south are sub-tropical.







Resources Greece has small reserves of coal. There is hydropower potential in some areas.

Environmental Concerns Air and water pollution are major concerns. Heavy smog around Athens has damaged many of the oldest Greek monuments. Local fishermen are working to prevent pollution of local waters.


COUNTRY PROFILES


ItalyContinent Europe

Size 301,229 square kilometersSlightly larger than Arizona


68% Urban 32% Rural

Government Republic

Language Italian


$29,600


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate Italy has a mediterranean climate in the south, and moderate climate in the north. Summers are hot and dry, winters are cold and snowy in the mountainous north, and milder in the south.






Energy Balance Imports 81.4 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly natural gas and petroleum.

Resources Italy has few energy resources. It produces only 6.6 percent of its oil demand.


Environmental priorities are high and there are laws to protect the environment. Most concerns are related to industry—emissions causing air pollution, effluents causing water pollution, and inadequate waste treatment and disposal.

NorwayContinent Europe



79% Urban 21% Rural

Government Constitutional monarchy

Language Norwegian


$55,400


Literacy Rate 100%

Climate Norway’s west coast is warmer than the rest of the country because of the effect of the North Atlantic Current, however, their climate is still subarctic.






Energy Balance Exports 85.6 percent of the energy it produces, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

Resources Norway has large petroleum, natural gas, and hydropower reserves. Norway is Europe’s largest energy exporter. Timber, mineral deposits, and abundant fishing are also resources.

Environmental Concerns Environmental priorities are high. Acid rain is causing damage to both forests and fish stocks. Air pollution from vehicle emissions is a concern.


COUNTRY PROFILES


PolandContinent Europe

Size 312,684 square kilometersSlightly smaller than New Mexico


61% Urban 39% Rural

Government Republic

Language Polish


$21,100


Literacy Rate 99.7%

Climate Poland has a continental climate with wet and mild summers, and very cold winters.

Electricity Generation* Hydropower 1.7%Other Renewables 6.7%Thermal 91.7%






Resources Natural gas and coal are Poland’s major energy resources. Several types of metals and minerals are also resources.


Environmental priorities are growing. Urban and industrial pollution are major concerns, as well as water pollution. Acid rain has caused forest damage.


SpainContinent Europe

Size 504,778 square kilometersSlightly more than twice the size of Oregon

Population 47,737,941

77% Urban 23% Rural

Government Parliamentary monarchy

Language Castillian Spanish


$30,100


Literacy Rate 97.7%

Climate The coasts are mild, while the interior plateau has clear, hot summers and cloudy, cold winters.







Resources Spain lacks abundant natural resources. It has some reserves of coal, petroleum, and uranium, with access to some hydropower. Spain must import most of its oil and gas.


Water pollution from the offshore oil and gas industry is a concern. Air pollution and deforestation are also issues.

COUNTRY PROFILES


SwedenContinent Europe

Size 450,013 square kilometersSlightly larger than California


85% Urban 15% Rural

Government Constitutional monarchy

Language Swedish


$40,900


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate Sweden has cool summers, and the east is much colder than the west in the winter.







Resources Sweden has giant forests and rich deposits of minerals and uranium, but little coal, oil, or natural gas. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore are major resources.


Swedes give environmental concerns high priority. Acid rain from other European countries is polluting lakes and damaging forests.

SwitzerlandContinent Europe

Size 41,290 square kilometersSlightly less than twice the size of New Jersey


74% Urban 26% Rural

Government Formally a confederation but similar in structure to a federal republic

Language French, German, Italian and Romansch


$54,800


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate Switzerland has a mountainous continental climate with wide fluctuations because of the varied elevations of the Alps. South of the Alps it is generally warmer and sunnier.

Electricity Generation* Hydropower 52.8%Nuclear 41.3%Other Renewables 4.3%Thermal 1.6%





Energy Balance Imports 51.4 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

Resources Switzerland has few energy resources, except for water, which provides more than half of its electricity. Timber is a natural resource.


Environmental issues are a very high priority in Switzerland. Air pollution from vehicle emissions is a concern. Acid rain and water pollution are also issues.


COUNTRY PROFILES


United KingdomContinent Europe

Size 244,819 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Oregon


80% Urban 20% Rural

Government Constitutional monarchy and commonwealth realm

Language English


$37,300


Literacy Rate 99%

Climate The U.K. has a mild, temperate climate that changes with the seasons. The U.K. has rain year round.







Resources The U.K. has the largest energy resources of any European country. It has large oil and gas reserves offshore and abundant coal. It plans to increase the use of nuclear energy to help meet demands. The U.K. also uses wind power.


The U.K. is a leader in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It also has reduced levels of industrial, commercial, and household wastes.

COUNTRY PROFILES


ChinaContinent Asia

Size 9,596,906 square kilometersSlightly smaller than the U.S.

Population 1,355,692,576 people



Language Mandarin, Mongolian, Uighur, and Tibetan


$9,800


Literacy Rate 95.1%

Climate The north and west regions of China are arid with major temperature variations. The south and southeast regions are warm and humid with year-round rainfall.






Energy Balance Imports 11.4 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly oil.

Resources China has vast energy resources. It is the world’s largest producer and consumer of coal. China was an exporter of petroleum in the past, but known fields are becoming depleted and offshore reserves are not yet productive. It has increased both its production and its consumption of natural gas. China has the world’s largest hydropower potential.


Of major concern is air pollution due to coal use. Water pollution and water shortages are also issues.


Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (N. Korea)Continent Asia

Size 120,538 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Mississippi


60% Urban 40% Rural

Government Communist state one-man dictatorship

Language Korean


$1,800

Transportation No data available

Literacy Rate 100%

Climate North Korea has a temperate climate with four seasons; its winters are dry and cold, and its summers are hot and humid.







Resources North Korea has coal and uranium deposits and some mineral resources. It has begun a politically controversial nuclear program.


Water pollution, inadequate supplies of safe drinking water, and waterborne diseases are major concerns. Deforestation and soil erosion are also problems.

COUNTRY PROFILES


IndiaContinent Asia

Size 3,288,088 square kilometersSlightly more than one-third the size of the U.S.

Population 1,236,344,631 people



Language Hindi, English, and 14 other official languages


$4,000


Literacy Rate 62.8%

Climate The north is very hot in summer, and temperate in winter. The south has lesser extremes. The country is very dry except for monsoons in summer.






Energy Balance Imports 28.3 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly coal and petroleum.

Resources India has large reserves of coal and hydropower potential, but cannot meet the demand for electric power. Recently natural gas reserves have been discovered, but India plans to continue using imported gas. Biomass is used for cooking in about 800 million households.


There is widespread soil erosion because of deforestation. Tap water is not safe to drink throughout the country. Natural resources are strained due to the large population.

IndonesiaContinent Southeast Asia

Size 1,919,430 square kilometersSlightly less than the size of Texas



Government Republic

Language Bahasa Indonesia


$5,200


Literacy Rate 92.8%

Climate The climate is predominantly tropical, with slight variations due to latitude.


Hydropower 6.7%Thermal 88%Other Renewables 5.2%





Energy Balance Exports 45.9 percent of the energy it produces, mostly liquefied natural gas.

Resources Indonesia has many energy resources, including fossil fuels, geothermal resources, and hydropower potential. Known oil resources are becoming depleted, but it is a leading exporter in both coal and natural gas.


Environmental priorities are low. The biggest concerns are exploitation of the tropical forests and urban and industrial pollution.


COUNTRY PROFILES


Islamic Republic of IranContinent Asia (Middle East)

Size 1,647,996 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Alaska


69% Urban 31% Rural

Government Theocratic republic

Language Persian


$12,800


Literacy Rate 85%

Climate Most of the country is desert except around the Caspian Sea, where it is temperate.






Energy Balance Exports 37 percent of the energy it produces, mostly petroleum.

Resources Iran has large oil and natural gas reserves, as well as coal, metals, and salt. It is a leading world producer and exporter of oil.


Environmental issues are not a major concern, yet urban air quality is poor. Pollution from oil in the Persian Gulf, inadequate supplies of safe drinking water, and deforestation are also concerns.

IsraelContinent Asia (Middle East)

Size 20,769 square kilometersSlightly larger than New Jersey


92% Urban 8% Rural

Government Parliamentary democracy

Language Hebrew and Arabic


$36,200


Literacy Rate 97.1%

Climate The climate includes hot desert and Mediterranean conditions, which have hot, dry summers and wet, mild winters.

Electricity Generation* Hydropower 0.04 %Thermal 99.3%Other Renewables 0.6%






Resources Israel has few energy resources, but natural gas fields were recently discovered.

Environmental Concerns Since there are freshwater resources, groundwater pollution from industry, agriculture, and domestic wastes is a concern.


COUNTRY PROFILES


JapanContinent Asian island

Size 377,833 square kilometersSlightly smaller than California



Government Parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy

Language Japanese


$37,100


Railroads are the most important mode of transportation

Literacy Rate 99%

Climate The climate is hot, wet, and muggy in the summer, cool in winter. Mountainous areas to the north stay cooler and have snow in winter.







Resources Japan has few natural resources, besides hydropower potential. It is the world’s largest importer of LNG, second largest importer coal, and third largest importer of oil.

Environmental Concerns Japan has a strong reverence for nature. Environmental concerns are a high priority, but air pollution and acid rain are still issues.


KuwaitContinent Asia (Middle East)

Size 17,819 square kilometersSlightly smaller than New Jersey


98% Urban 2% Rural

Government Constitutional emirate

Language Arabic


$42,100


Literacy Rate 93.93%

Climate Arid desert with extremely hot summers, cooler winters.






Energy Balance Exports 79 percent of the energy it produces, all petroleum.

Resources Kuwait has large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Demand for electricity has grown faster than supply, and rolling blackouts are common.


Lack of fresh water is a major concern, but sophisticated desalination plants provide most of the water. Desertification and air and water pollution are also concerns.

COUNTRY PROFILES



OmanContinent Asia (Middle East)

Size 212,511 square kilometersSlightly smaller than Kansas


73% Urban 27% Rural

Government Monarchy

Language Arabic


$29,800


Literacy Rate 86.9%

Climate Oman’s climate is dry and desert-like along the coast and it is hot and dry in the interior.






Energy Balance Exports 65.3 percent of the energy it produces, mostly petroleum.

Resources Oman has large deposits of petroleum and natural gas.


Water is scarce. Coastal pollution from oil spills and an increase in soil salinity are also concerns.

PakistanContinent Asia

Size 803,935 square kilometersSlightly less than twice the size of California


36% Urban 64% Rural


Language Urdu, Panjabi, and English


$3,100


Literacy Rate 54.9%

Climate Most of the country is hot desert with a mountainous region to the north.

Electricity Generation Hydropower 30.0%Nuclear 5.5%Thermal 64.5%





Energy Balance Imports 23.3 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum.

Resources Pakistan has petroleum, coal, natural gas, and hydropower resources. Exploration for oil and gas has begun. Pakistan recently expanded its nuclear power capacity.


As most of the population does not have access to safe drinking water, pollution from industry, agriculture, and untreated sewage is a major concern. Deforestation, soil erosion, and desertification are also concerns.

COUNTRY PROFILES


Republic of Korea (South Korea)Continent Asia

Size 98,479 square kilometersSlightly larger than Indiana


83% Urban 17% Rural

Government Republic

Language Korean and English


$33,200


Literacy Rate 97.9%

Climate South Korea has four seasons, with winters being dry and cold, and summers that are hot and humid.






Energy Balance Imports 82 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

Resources South Korea has few energy resources. It depends on nuclear power for much of its electricity production and imports coal, petroleum, and natural gas.


Industrial and urban pollution is a problem. Acid rain is also a concern.

RussiaContinent Asia and Europe

Size 17,075,157 square kilometersAlmost twice the size of the U.S.


74% Urban 26% Rural

Government Federation

Language Russian


$18,100


Literacy Rate 99.7%

Climate The climate consists of mainly warm summers and very cold winters with variations by region.


Hydropower 16.0%Thermal 67.4%Nuclear 16.4%Other Renewables 0.3%





Energy Balance Exports 43.8 percent of the energy it produces, mostly natural gas, coal, and petroleum.

Resources Russia has vast reserves of petroleum, natural gas, hydropower, and coal. It is a world leader in production of electricity. Many resources have not been developed.


Air pollution from heavy industry, power plants, and vehicle emissions is a concern. There is major radioactive pollution in the Barents Sea and many rivers have severe damage from industrial pollution. Deforestation and urban solid waste management are also concerns.


COUNTRY PROFILES


Saudi ArabiaContinent Asia

Size 1,999,999 square kilometersSlightly more than one-fifth of the U.S.


82% Urban 18% Rural

Government Monarchy

Language Arabic


$31,300


Literacy Rate 87.2%

Climate The climate is very hot in the summer, and cool in the winter. Only the far south receives sufficient rainfall.






Energy Balance Exports 70 percent of the energy it produces, all of it petroleum.

Resources Saudi Arabia has the world’s largest reserves of petroleum and the fourth largest of natural gas. Its economy is based on the export of petroleum.


Industrial pollution of water is a major concern. There has been little environmental control until recently, when the government has begun trying to limit industrial development to specific areas. Lack of available fresh water is also a problem.

TurkeyContinent Asia (Middle East)/ Europe

Size 780,576 square kilometersSlightly larger than Texas



Government Republican parliamentary democracy

Language Turkish


$15,300


Literacy Rate 94.1%

Climate Turkey’s coastal areas have a Mediterranean climate; the interior has hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters.






Energy Balance Imports 71.4 percent of the energy it consumes, mostly petroleum and natural gas.

Resources Turkey has reserves of petroleum, coal, and natural gas, as well as hydropower resources. Dam-building projects on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are controversial.


Water pollution from poor waste management practices is a concern. Deforestation and urban air pollution are also concerns.

COUNTRY PROFILES


VietnamContinent Asia



31% Urban 69% Rural


Language Vietnamese


$4,000


Literacy Rate 93.4%

Climate The climate in the south is warm year round, while the north has cool winters. There are periods of drought and flood.







Resources Vietnam has reserves of petroleum and natural gas, as well as coal. It has greater hydropower potential. It is an exporter of oil, and its resources could make it a powerful country, if wisely developed.


Soil erosion caused by deforestation is a major concern. Water pollution and overfishing are also problems. Urban centers have poor environments due to industry and large populations.


COUNTRY PROFILES


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Energy Around the World

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